Ukumiswa okungaphansi komzimba: "Insika engabonakali" yokuhamba kwemoto
Ukumiswa ngaphansi komzimba, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ingalo engezansi noma i-bracket engezansi, kuyingxenye eyinhloko exhumanisa amasondo nomzimba wemoto ohlelweni lokumiswa. Kungase kubonakale kungabalulekile, kodwa kuthwala imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto futhi kuthinta ngqo induduzo, ukuphatha, kanye nokuphepha kokushayela.
Ngokombono wesakhiwo, ukumiswa okungaphansi komzimba kwakhiwe kakhulu yizingxenye zensimbi. Kuxhunywe kumasondo nomzimba wemoto ngokusebenzisa amalunga ebhola kanye nama-bushing enjoloba, okukwazi ukuthwala cishe u-30% wesisindo semoto esingaguquki. Ngesikhathi sokushayela okunamandla, kusebenza njenge-"transmission hub": ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, kudlulisela amandla okushayela enjini kusuka emzimbeni wemoto kuya emasondweni; ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, kudlulisela ngokuphambene amandla okubhuleka komhlabathi emzimbeni wemoto ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ijubane liyashelela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingalawula ngokunembile umzila wokunyakaza kwamasondo, igcine amathayi exhumene kahle nomhlaba, yandise indawo yokuxhumana ngo-15%-20%, okungagcini nje ngokufinyeza ibanga lokubhuleka kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukubamba kwamakhona, okwenza isiteringi sibe nembambo kakhudlwana nomzimba wemoto uzinze kakhudlwana.
Ngokuphathelene nenduduzo, ukumiswa kwe-underbody nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ama-bushing enjoloba kuzo zombili izinhlangothi asebenza njenge-"buffers", ahlunga u-60%-70% wokudlidliza komgwaqo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-bushing zingafinyelela ibhalansi yokusebenza: ama-hydraulic bushings alinganisela ukuphathwa kanye nenduduzo, ama-bushing enjoloba aqinile, kanti ama-polyurethane bushings afaneleka kakhulu ezimotweni ezigxile kwezemidlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingozini zesivinini esiphansi, ukumiswa kwe-underbody kungazishintsha ukuze kudonse amandla, kuvimbele isakhiwo esiyinhloko semoto ekulimaleni, futhi kwengeze isithiyo esengeziwe sokuphepha kubagibeli.
Isexwayiso sephutha: "Isibonakaliso esiphuthumayo" sokumiswa okungaphansi komzimba
Ukumiswa okungaphansi komzimba kuhlala kubhekwa isisindo semoto kanye nokushayisana komgwaqo, futhi ngokungenakugwenywa kuba namaphutha. Ukungazinaki lezi zimpawu akuthinti nje kuphela ulwazi lokushayela kodwa futhi kungaba nezingozi zokuphepha. Izimpawu ezivamile zamaphutha zifaka:
Imisindo engavamile evamile
Lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa okusobala kakhulu kwamaphutha okumiswa ngaphansi komzimba. Lapho imoto idlula ama-speed bump noma izindawo zomgwaqo ezingalingani, uma i-chassis ikhipha umsindo "wokuchofoza" wokungqubuzana kwensimbi, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuguga nokuqhekeka kwama-bushing enjoloba. Isikhathi esivamile sokuphila kwama-bushing enjoloba siyiminyaka emi-3-5. Ukupaka isikhathi eside noma ukushayela ezimweni ezinzima zomgwaqo kuzosheshisa ukuguga futhi kubangele ukuthi ama-bushing enjoloba alahlekelwe ukuqina, okuholela emisindweni engavamile lapho izingxenye zensimbi zithintana ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isembozo sothuli se-ball joint yengalo engezansi sonakele, ukungena kothuli kubangela ukuthi amafutha okugcoba avuza, okuholela ekugugeni nasekuxegiseni kwe-ball joint, futhi umsindo ongavamile uyaqina ngesikhathi sokuqondisa noma ama-bump.
Ukusebenza kokuphatha okuncishisiwe
Ukuguquka kokumiswa kwe-underbody noma ama-ball joints axegayo kuzobangela ukuphambuka kumapharamitha okuqondanisa amasondo, okubonakala kakhulu njengokukhukhuleka kwemoto - uma ushayela uqonde, isondo lokuqondisa lidinga ukulungiswa njalo, kanti ukuphambuka okungaphezu kwemitha eli-1 ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-100 kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sokujika emakhoneni, umzimba wemoto uzobhekana nokugoqeka okukhulu ohlangothini, umuzwa wokuphatha ozinzile ekuqaleni uba buthaka, futhi kungase kube nokulahlekelwa ukucaca kanye nomuzwa osindayo. Ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo, ingaphambili lemoto licwila ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-12 (cishe isigamu sokuphakama kwebhodlela lamanzi), okungaba uphawu lokwehluleka kokumiswa kwe-underbody.
Ukuguga kwamatayara okungavamile
Amaphutha okumiswa ngaphansi komzimba abangela ukuthi amasondo ahluleke ukugcina ukuma okuqondile phansi, okuholela ekugugeni kwethayi "okugobile". Isibonelo, uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwethayi lugugile kakhulu, kuyilapho uhlangothi lwangaphandle lucishe lungagugi, noma ithayi libonisa ukugugika "okugobile" noma "okunamazinyo", kanye nokugugika kwethayi ohlangothini olulodwa okungafika kumamilimitha amathathu. Lokhu kugugika okungavamile akugcini nje ngokufinyeza isikhathi sokuphila kwethayi kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukubamba kwethayi, okwandisa ingozi yokuqhunyiswa kwethayi.
Ukuma kwemoto okungavamile
Uma ubona ukuthambekela kohlangothi olulodwa lwemoto ngemva kokupaka, noma umehluko wokuphakama ongaphezu kwesentimitha eli-1 phakathi kwamasondo amane, kungase kube ngenxa yokuphuka noma ukubola kwe-elastic kwe-suspension spring engaphansi komzimba, okubangela ukuthi umzimba wemoto kulolo hlangothi ucwile. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kumamodeli amadala noma ezimotweni ezivame ukushayelwa emigwaqweni engagandayiwe. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kubangele ngisho namathayi ukuthi akhuhleke ezinsikeni zamasondo, okuholela ezingozini zokuphepha.
Ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke: Vumela ukumiswa okungaphansi komzimba "kuphile isikhathi eside"
Ukwehluleka kokumiswa ngaphansi komzimba akunazo izimpawu zokuxwayisa. Ukulungiswa njalo kungandisa impilo yayo yokusebenza ngempumelelo. Kunconywa ukuthi abanikazi bezimoto bahlole indawo evulekile ye-ball joint kanye nesimo se-bushings ohlelweni lokumiswa njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-20,000. Indawo evamile phakathi kwe-ball joint kanye ne-bushing kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwamamilimitha angu-0.5. Uma idlula leli nani, kuyadingeka ukushintshwa. Ngemva kokushintsha izingxenye zokumiswa, ukuhlelwa kwamasondo amane kumele kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa imingcele enembile yokulungiswa kwamasondo nokuvimbela ukuguguleka kwamasondo okungajwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba yokushayela nayo ithinta isikhathi sokuphila kwesistimu yokumiswa. Zama ukugwema ukudlula ama-speed bumps kanye nemigodi ngokushesha ukuze unciphise umthelela ekumisweni; ezimotweni ezipakwe isikhathi eside, kufanele zithuthwe njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi ama-bushing enjoloba angaguquki ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwesikhathi eside.
Ekuphetheni, uhlelo lokumiswa kwemoto "luyinsika engabonakali" yokusebenza kwemoto. Isimo sayo sithinta ngqo ukuphepha kokushayela kanye nolwazi. Naka ukusebenza kanye nezimpawu zamaphutha zohlelo lokumiswa, futhi wenze ukulungiswa njalo ukuze ugcine imoto isesimweni esihle kakhulu sokusebenza.
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