Kusho ukuthini umhlahlandlela we-valve yemoto
Umsebenzi womhlahlandlela wamavalvu ukuqondisa ukunyakaza kwamavalvu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amavalvu enza ukunyakaza okuqondile okuhambisanayo, avumele amavalvu kanye nezindandatho zesihlalo samavalvu ukuthi zilingane kahle, futhi adlulisele ukushisa kwesiqu sevalvu ekhanda lesilinda.
Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lomhlahlandlela we-valve nalo liphezulu kakhulu, cishe ama-200℃. Lapho isiqu se-valve sihamba epayipini lomhlahlandlela, sigcotshwa kuphela uwoyela wenjini ophuma enqolobaneni ye-valve, ngakho-ke sivame ukuguga. Ngakho-ke, izinto zensimbi ezithambile noma ze-powder metallurgy ezinezakhiwo ezizishelelayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye ngazinye, ezicindezelwa emigodini yesihlalo somhlahlandlela we-valve ekhanda lesilinda ngokulingana okuthile kokuphazamiseka ukuze zingawi. Ezinye izinjini zisebenzisa izindandatho zokugcina ukuze zilungise futhi zibeke iziqondiso ze-valve ukuze zivimbele ukuthi zingakhululeki.
Ingxenye engezansi yesiqondiso se-valve inwebeka emigudwini yokungenisa kanye neyokukhipha umoya. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukumelana nokugeleza komoya, indilinga engaphandle yengxenye enwebekayo yenziwa ibe yisimo esiyindilinga. Kukhona igebe elingu-0.05 kuya ku-0.12mm phakathi kwesiqondiso se-valve kanye nesiqu se-valve, okuvumela isiqu se-valve ukuthi sihambe ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwesiqondiso.
Umhlahlandlela wamavalvu usekela futhi uqondise amavalvu ahamba ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amavalvu nezihlalo zamavalvu zingangena kahle, futhi usiza ekuholeni ukushisa.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeziqondiso zama-valve: uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe nohlobo oluhlanganisiwe. Umhlahlandlela wama-valve ohlanganisiwe ucubungula ngqo imbobo yesiqu se-valve ekhanda lesilinda. Umhlahlandlela wama-valve ohlanganisiwe ucindezelwa ungene epayipini eliyindilinga ngembobo yomhlahlandlela ekhanda lesilinda enokulingana kokuphazamiseka okungu-0.015 kuya ku-0.065mm.
Ezinye iziqondiso zama-valve zinemigoqo yendandatho eyenziwe ebusweni obungaphandle obuyindilinga, efakwe izindandatho zokugcina ukuze zibekwe, inciphisa ukujula kwengxenye engezansi yomgudu womoya futhi ivimbele ukuthi ingakhululeki.
Ngokuvamile kukhona indawo yokungena engu-0.05 kuya ku-0.12mm phakathi kwesiqu se-valve kanye nomhlahlandlela we-valve. Zigcotshwa uwoyela wenjini ophuma ezingxenyeni ze-valve transmission.
Uma igebe eliphakathi kwesiqu se-valve kanye nomhlahlandlela we-valve lincane kakhulu, kulula ukubangela ukuthi isiqu se-valve sibhajwe futhi sibe nokuvalwa okubi, okungaholela ekushisweni kwe-valve kanye nokwehla kokusebenza kwamandla, ukonga kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
Uma igebe eliphakathi kwesiqu se-valve kanye nomhlahlandlela we-valve likhulu kakhulu, lizobangela lezi zenzakalo ezingavamile ezilandelayo:
Isihlalo sevalvu asizinzile, ukusebenza kokuvala kuyehla, futhi siyaguga ngesivinini esisheshayo, okuholela ekushisweni kwamavalvu kanye nokwehla kokusebenza kwamandla, ukonga, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
Ukuvuza komoya ohlelweni lokungenisa kubangela ukuthi ingxube enjinini kaphethiloli ibe mncane.
Uwoyela wenjini omningi ungena ngezikhala ungene ekamelweni lokushisa noma endaweni yokungena komoya (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi senqubo yokungenisa), okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamafutha enjini okwandisiwe, ukukhishwa kwentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nokwakheka kwekhabhoni okusheshayo.
Ngesikhathi sokushaya komoya ophumayo, igesi yokukhipha umoya ingena ku-crankcase ngesikhala esiphakathi kwesiqu se-valve yokukhipha umoya kanye nomhlahlandlela we-valve.
Uma ingcindezi echwebeni lokukhipha umoya iphansi kunaleyo engaphakathi kwe-crankcase, uwoyela wenjini uvuza ungene echwebeni lokukhipha umoya ngesikhala esiphakathi kwesiqu sevalvu yokukhipha umoya kanye nomhlahlandlela wevalvu.
Isizathu somusi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi sokuqalisa i-exhaust valve sivame ukuba isikhala se-exhaust valve guide sikhulu kakhulu. Uma umshini umile, uwoyela ungena ngesikhala se-exhaust valve guide ungene ekamelweni lokushisa bese unamathela ku-exhaust manifold, bese ushiswa ngesikhathi sokuqalisa i-exhaust. Lesi simo sizoncipha noma sinyamalale njengoba izinga lokushisa lenjini likhuphuka.
Umsebenzi wesivalo samafutha e-valve ukuvimbela uwoyela wenjini oweqile ukuthi ungangeni ekamelweni lokushisa noma emigudwini yokungenisa kanye neyokukhipha umoya ngesikhala esiphakathi komhlahlandlela we-valve kanye nesiqu se-valve. Kuyindandatho yokuvala irabha, efakwe ekugcineni okuphezulu komhlahlandlela we-valve. Uma isivalo samafutha e-valve sonakele, uwoyela wenjini oweqile uzongena phansi ngesikhala esiphakathi kwe-valve kanye nomhlahlandlela we-valve uye ekamelweni lokushisa noma emoyeni, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamafutha enjini okwandisiwe. Lokhu kuhambisana nentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emhubheni wokukhipha umoya futhi kusheshise ukwakheka kwama-carbon deposits kuma-valve kanye nasegumbini lokushisa.
Izindlela zokushintsha iziqondiso zamavalvu zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukufaka iziqondiso zamavalvu esikhundleni samaflange kanye nokufaka iziqondiso zamavalvu esikhundleni samaflange.
Kukhona umhlahlandlela we-flange valve
Uma lonke ikhanda lesilinda lishiswa libe ngu-100-150℃ ebhokisini lokushisa elingaguquki, likhiphe bese uphakamisa ikhanda lesilinda. Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokukhumula isiqondiso se-valve kanye nethuluzi lokuhlanganisa ukuze ucindezele umhlahlandlela we-valve uye ohlangothini lwe-camshaft. Bese ufaka uwoyela wokugcoba ku-O-ring entsha, uwufake kumhlahlandlela omusha we-valve, bese usebenzisa ithuluzi lokukhumula isiqondiso se-valve kanye nethuluzi lokuhlanganisa ukuze ushayele umhlahlandlela omusha we-valve ohlangothini lwe-camshaft. Ngemva kokuba ikhanda lesilinda selipholile, faka uwoyela wokusika emgodini wangaphakathi wesiqondiso se-valve, bese usebenzisa i-reamer yesiqondiso se-valve ukuze unciphise umhlahlandlela we-valve ukuze uthole indawo efanele phakathi kwesiqu se-valve kanye nomhlahlandlela we-valve. Ekugcineni, hlanza kahle ikhanda lesilinda ngophethiloli noma ngophethiloli bese lingafakwa futhi lisetshenziswe. Shintsha umhlahlandlela we-valve ngaphandle kwama-flanges
Ngaphambi kokususa umhlahlandlela we-valve kusilinda, kala ukuphakama kwengxenye eveziwe nge-vernier caliper bese ubhala phansi. Uma ikhanda lesilinda lishiswa ku-100-150℃ ebhokisini lokushisa elingaguquki, likhiphe bese uphakamisa ikhanda lesilinda. Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokukhumula isiqondiso se-valve kanye nethuluzi lokuhlanganisa ukuze ucindezele umhlahlandlela we-valve uye ohlangothini lwe-camshaft. Bese usebenzisa ithuluzi lokukhumula isiqondiso se-valve kanye nethuluzi lokuhlanganisa ukuze ushayele umhlahlandlela we-valve omusha ohlangothini lwe-camshaft. Ngenkathi ulinganisa ukuphakama kwengxenye eveziwe yomhlahlandlela we-valve, shayela umhlahlandlela we-valve omusha kancane kancane uze uhlangabezane nezidingo ezibekiwe. Ngemva kokuba ikhanda lesilinda selipholile, faka uwoyela wokusika emgodini wangaphakathi womhlahlandlela we-valve bese usebenzisa i-hinge yomhlahlandlela we-valve ukuze unciphise umhlahlandlela we-valve ukuze uthole indawo efanele phakathi kwesiqu se-valve kanye nomhlahlandlela we-valve. Ekugcineni, hlanza kahle ikhanda lesilinda ngophethiloli noma ngophethiloli bese lingafakwa futhi lisetshenziswe.
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