Iyini inzwa yesigaba
Izinzwa zesigaba ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ze-elekthronikhi zezimoto futhi zisetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi ukukala ubuningi obubonakalayo njengendawo kanye nesivinini sezinto.
Emkhakheni wezimoto, isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola isikhathi se-valve yenjini ukuze kunqunywe isikhathi esifanele sokuthungela.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa zesigaba, ezihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ze-magnetoelectric kanye ne-Hall, ezikhiqiza izimpawu ze-sine wave kanye ne-square wave ngokulandelana. Ngokuvamile, kuhlanganisa nezinzwa ze-photoelectric kanye nezinzwa ze-magnetic.
Inzwa yesigaba se-photoelectric ikhipha izimpawu zamazinga ahlukene ngokujikeleza iphaneli yesignali bese ivula noma ivala i-phototransistor ngokusekelwe ekudlulisweni noma ekuvinjweni kokukhanya.
Uhlobo lweHall kuma-sensor esigaba sikagesi lusebenzisa umphumela weHall, kuyilapho uhlobo lwe-magnetoelectric lusebenzisa isimiso sokungeniswa kukagesi. Lapho i-rotor yesiginali ijikeleza, ushintsho kusekethe kagesi lubangela ukuba kukhiqizwe amandla e-electromotive alternating ku-induction coil.
Umgomo wayo osebenzayo ukufeza umsebenzi ngokuthola indawo kanye ne-engela yokujikeleza ye-camshaft. Ikhoyili yokuthola yangaphakathi ingezwa izinto zensimbi eziseduze. Uma zingekho izinto zensimbi, isekethe ye-LC iyazwakala futhi i-voltage yokukhipha ifinyelela phezulu. Lapho into yensimbi isondela, kubangelwa ama-eddy currents ku-coil yokuthola, i-inductance yekhoyili iyashintsha, isekethe ye-LC parallel iyahlukana, futhi i-voltage yokukhipha yehla. Ushintsho luhambisana nebanga lento yensimbi. Ushintsho lwesigaba lutholakala ngokulinganisa ushintsho lwe-voltage yokukhipha.
Isikhathi se-valve sibhekisela ku-Engela lapho kuvulwa futhi kuvalwe khona ama-valve okungenisa kanye nawokukhipha injini uma kuqhathaniswa nokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Isikhathi esifanele se-valve sibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenjini, sithonya amandla, ukonga uphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kokukhipha.
Inzwa yesigaba inesibopho sokuqapha ukunemba kwesigaba sesitimela se-valve. Uma kwenzeka okungavamile, i-alamu izovulwa bese kukhanya isibani sephutha lenjini.
Izinzwa zesigaba, okuyigama elijwayelekile lezinzwa zesikhundla se-camshaft kanye nezinzwa zesikhundla se-crankshaft, ziyisisekelo esibalulekile sokunquma isikhathi sokusha kwenjini.
Inzwa yesigaba se-camshaft ithola indawo yokujikeleza kwe-camshaft bese ifaka isignali ku-ECU, okuyisignali eyinhloko yokulawula ukusha.
Inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft ithola i-engela ye-crankshaft yenjini kanye nesikhungo esiphezulu se-piston esifile, bese ithumela izimpawu kukhompyutha yenjini ukulawula isikhathi sokushisa kanye nokujova uphethiloli. Futhi iwumthombo wesignali wokukala isivinini senjini.
Kweminye imikhakha, izinzwa zesigaba, ngokusekelwe esimisweni sokulinganisa isigaba, zikhipha izimpawu ezintweni futhi zibale ulwazi lwendawo yezinto ngokulinganisa umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwezibonakaliso ezikhishwayo nezibonisiwe.
Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana nokuzisebenzela kwezimboni, izindiza, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kanye namarobhothi, futhi ingasiza ekulawuleni ukuzulazula okuzenzakalelayo kwamarobhothi, ukulawula ukuzulazula kwezimoto zokuhamba, kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha, njll.
Inzwa yesigaba iyingxenye eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokulawula injini yezimoto zanamuhla, ezakhiwe izinzwa zesikhundla se-crankshaft kanye nezinzwa zesikhundla se-camshaft. Inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft inesibopho sokuqoqa isivinini senjini kanye nezimpawu ze-engela ye-crankshaft, ihlinzeka ngereferensi yesikhathi sokushisa kanye nokufakwa kukaphethiloli. Inzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft iqinisekisa ukwenziwa okunembile kokulawulwa kokujova kukaphethiloli okulandelanayo kanye nokulawulwa kokuqhuma ngokuhlonza indawo yesikhungo esiphezulu esifile sokucindezela kwesilinda [3] [8]. Lokhu kokubili kusebenza ngokubambisana ngokuvumelanisa isigaba, okubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala futhi kudinga ukuhambisana okunembile kwesikhathi sokuqala sokushisa [6]. Leli qembu lezinzwa libizwa ngokuthi "inzwa yesigaba" ngenxa yomsebenzi walo wokulawula jikelele phezu kwesigaba sesitimela se-valve kanye nesikhathi sokushisa.
Ukwehluleka kwenzwa yesigaba kungaholela ochungechungeni lwezinkinga.
Inkinga yokuqala ubunzima bokuqalisa injini. I-phase sensor idinga ukunikeza i-ECU ulwazi lwendawo ye-crankshaft, kanti i-ECU ibala isikhathi sokushaqeka kanye nomthamo wokushaqeka kukaphethiloli ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi. Uma i-phase sensor ingasebenzi kahle, ayikwazi ukunikeza ulwazi olunembile. I-ECU ayikwazi ukulawula ngokunembile ukushaqeka kanye nokushaqeka kukaphethiloli, okwenza ukuqala kwenjini kube nzima noma kungenzeki nhlobo.
Bese kuba khona ukungahlaliseki okungazinzile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-phase sensor iqapha indawo ye-crankshaft, ivumela iyunithi yokulawula injini ukuthi ilungise isikhathi sokusha kanye nevolumu yokungenisa ukuqinisekisa isivinini esibushelelezi sokungahlaliseki kwenjini. Uma i-phase sensor ingasebenzi kahle, ulwazi oludluliselwa ku-ECU luzoba olunganembile, futhi ukulawula kwe-ECU phezu kwenjini kuzophambuka. Ngenxa yalokho, isivinini sokungahlaliseki sizoba esingazinzile, futhi kungase kube nezinkinga ezifana nokujitha kokungahlaliseki kanye nesivinini esishintshashintshayo.
Kuzophinde kubangele ukusheshisa okubi. Uma imoto isheshisa, inzwa yesigaba idinga ukunikeza ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela nolunembile njengendawo ye-crankshaft, ukuze i-ECU ikwazi ukulungisa ngokushesha amasu okushisa kanye nokufaka uphethiloli ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusheshisa kwemoto. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, ulwazi alunembile, i-ECU ayikwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezifanele, ukuphuma kwamandla enjini kuyathinteka, ukusheshisa kuzoba buthaka, futhi kungase kube nomuzwa wokungajabuli, okuthinta ulwazi lokushayela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibani sephutha sizokhanya. Uma uhlelo lokuxilonga amaphutha emoto luthola ukwehluleka kwenzwa yesigaba, luzoqala ikhodi yephutha, bese isibani sephutha senjini kudeshibhodi sizokhanya, kukhumbuze umnikazi wemoto ukuthi kunenkinga ngemoto.
Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyanda. Ukwehluleka kwe-phase sensor kubangela ukuthi i-ECU ingakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile ivolumu yokujova uphethiloli. Ivolumu yokujova uphethiloli ingaba ningi kakhulu noma ibe ncane kakhulu, okuholela ekushiseni okungaphelele kanye nophethiloli ongaguquki kahle ube amandla, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Ekuphetheni, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-phase sensor kunomthelela omkhulu ezimotweni. Uma kuvela izinkinga ezingenhla, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokushesha i-phase sensor bese, uma kudingeka, ukuyilungisa noma ukuyishintsha ukuze imoto ibuyele esimweni sayo esijwayelekile.
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Inkampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzibophezele ekuthengiseni i-MG&I-MAXUSizingxenye zezimoto zamukelekile ukuthenga.
