Ingalo yokushwiba ivamise ukuba phakathi kwesondo nomzimba, futhi iyincenye yezokuphepha ehlobene nomshayeli edlulisa amandla, yenza buthaka ukudluliswa kokudlidliza, futhi elawula indlela.
Ingalo yokushwiba ivamise ukuba phakathi kwesondo nomzimba, futhi iyincenye yezokuphepha ehlobene nomshayeli odlulisa amandla, enciphisa ukudluliswa kokudlidliza, futhi elawula indlela. Lesi sihloko sethula ukwakheka okujwayelekile kwengalo yokushwiba emakethe, futhi siqhathanisa futhi sihlaziye umthelela wezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene enqubweni, ikhwalithi kanye nentengo.
Ukumiswa kwe-chassis yemoto kucishe kuhlukaniswe yaba yi-suspension yangaphambili ne-rear suspension. Zombili izinto ezilenga ngaphambili nangemuva zinezingalo zokushwiba ezixhuma amasondo nomzimba. Izingalo zokushwiba zivame ukuba phakathi kwamasondo nomzimba.
Iqhaza lengalo yokushwibeka engumhlahlandlela ukuxhuma isondo nohlaka, ukudlulisa amandla, ukunciphisa ukudluliswa kokudlidliza, nokulawula isiqondiso. Iyingxenye yezokuphepha ebandakanya umshayeli. Kukhona izingxenye zesakhiwo ezidlulisa amandla ohlelweni lokumiswa, ukuze amasondo ahambe ngokuhlobene nomzimba ngokuya kwendlela ethile. Izingxenye zesakhiwo zidlulisa umthwalo, futhi lonke uhlelo lokumiswa luthwala ukusebenza kokuphatha kwemoto.
Imisebenzi evamile kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo sengalo yokushwiba imoto
1. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokudlulisa umthwalo, ukuklama kwesakhiwo sengalo ye-swing kanye nobuchwepheshe
Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zisebenzisa ama-suspension systems azimele. Ngokwezakhiwo ezahlukene, ama-suspension systems azimele angahlukaniswa abe yi- wishbone, trailing arm type, multi-link type, candle type kanye no McPherson. Ingalo ephambanayo kanye nengalo elandelanayo kuyisakhiwo samandla amabili engalo eyodwa ku-multi-link, enamaphuzu amabili okuxhumana. Izinduku ezimbili zamandla amabili zihlangene ekuhlanganyeleni kwendawo yonke endaweni ethile, futhi imigqa yokuxhuma yamaphuzu okuxhuma yakha isakhiwo esingunxantathu. I-MacPherson front suspension low arm iyingalo yokushwibeka enamaphuzu amathathu ajwayelekile enamaphuzu amathathu okuxhumana. Ulayini oxhuma amaphuzu amathathu okuxhumana uyisakhiwo sikanxantathu esizinzile esingakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ngezindlela eziningi.
Isakhiwo sengalo yokushwibeka enamandla amabili silula, futhi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kuvame ukunqunywa ngokuya ngobungcweti obuhlukahlukene kanye nokwenza lula ukucubungula kwenkampani ngayinye. Isibonelo, isakhiwo sensimbi esigxiviziwe (bheka Umfanekiso 1), isakhiwo sokuklama ipuleti elilodwa lensimbi ngaphandle kokushisela, futhi umgodi wesakhiwo usesimweni esithi "I"; Ishidi lensimbi elishiselwe isakhiwo (bheka Umfanekiso 2), isakhiwo sokuklama siyipuleti lensimbi elishiselwe, futhi imbobo yesakhiwo ingaphezulu Isesimweni sokuthi "口"; noma amapuleti okuqinisa asendaweni asetshenziselwa ukushisela nokuqinisa indawo eyingozi; isakhiwo sokucubungula umshini wokwenza insimbi, umgodi wesakhiwo uqinile, futhi umumo ulungiswa kakhulu ngokwezidingo zesakhiwo se-chassis; i-aluminium forging machine processing structure (bheka Umfanekiso 3), isakhiwo Imbobo iqinile, futhi izidingo zomumo zifana nensimbi yokubumba; isakhiwo sepayipi yensimbi silula ekwakhiweni, futhi umgodi wesakhiwo uyisiyingi.
Isakhiwo sengalo yokushwibeka enamaphuzu amathathu siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kuvame ukunqunywa ngokuya ngezidingo ze-OEM. Ekuhlaziyweni kokulingisa ukunyakaza, ingalo yokushwiba ayikwazi ukuphazamisa ezinye izingxenye, futhi eziningi zazo zinezidingo zebanga elincane. Isibonelo, isakhiwo sensimbi enesitembu esigxiviziwe sisetshenziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo nesakhiwo esishiselwe ngeshidi lensimbi, imbobo yokubopha inzwa noma ibha yokuxhuma induku yokuqina, njll. izoshintsha ukwakheka kwengalo yokushwibeka; umgodi wesakhiwo usesimweni "somlomo", futhi imbobo yengalo yokushwibeka izoba Isakhiwo esivaliwe singcono kunesakhiwo esingavaliwe. Ukwakhiwa komshini, umgodi wesakhiwo ikakhulukazi umumo othi "I", onezici zendabuko zokugoba nokugoba; ukuphonsa isakhiwo somshini, ukwakheka kanye nomgodi wesakhiwo ngokuvamile kufakwe izimbambo eziqinisayo kanye nezimbobo zokunciphisa isisindo ngokwezici zokuphonsa; I-sheet metal welding Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe ne-forging, ngenxa yezidingo zesikhala se-chassis yemoto, i-joint yebhola ihlanganiswe ekubunjweni, futhi i-forging ixhunywe neshidi lensimbi; isakhiwo somshini we-aluminium owenziwe ngensimbi sinikeza ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwempahla kanye nokukhiqiza kunokubunjwa, futhi Siphakeme kumandla wezinto ezibonakalayo wokulingisa, okuwukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
2. Yehlisa ukudluliswa kokudlidliza emzimbeni, kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo sento enwebekayo endaweni yokuxhumana yengalo eshwibayo.
Njengoba indawo yomgwaqo imoto eshayela kuyo ingeke ibe isicaba ngokuphelele, amandla okusabela aqondile omgwaqo asebenza emasondweni avame ukuba nomthelela, ikakhulukazi lapho ushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu endaweni embi yomgwaqo, la mandla anomthelela nawo abangela umshayeli. ukuzizwa ungakhululekile. , izakhi ezinwebekayo zifakwe ohlelweni lokumiswa, futhi uxhumano oluqinile luguqulwa lube uxhumano olunwebekayo. Ngemuva kokuthi isici esinwebekayo sithintekile, sikhiqiza ukudlidliza, futhi ukudlidliza okuqhubekayo kwenza umshayeli azizwe engakhululekile, ngakho uhlelo lokumiswa ludinga izinto ezimanzi ukuze kuncishiswe i-amplitude yokudlidliza ngokushesha.
Amaphuzu okuxhumana ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sengalo ejiyizayo awuxhumano lwento enwebekayo kanye nokuxhumana okuhlangene kwebhola. Izakhi ezinwebekayo zihlinzeka ngokudambisa ukudlidliza kanye nenani elincane lamadigri enkululeko ajikelezayo kanye ne-oscillating. Izihlahla zenjoloba zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto ezinwebekayo ezimotweni, kanti ama-hydraulic bushings namahinge awela nawo ayasetshenziswa.
Umfanekiso 2 Ishidi lengalo yokushisela yensimbi
Isakhiwo se-rubber bushing ngokuvamile iyipayipi lensimbi elinenjoloba ngaphandle, noma isakhiwo sesemishi sepayipi lensimbi-irabha-yensimbi. Ipayipi yensimbi yangaphakathi idinga ukumelana nokucindezela kanye nezidingo zobubanzi, futhi ama-anti-skid serrations avamile kuzo zombili iziphetho. Isendlalelo senjoloba silungisa ifomula yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nesakhiwo sokuklama ngokuya ngezidingo ezihlukene zokuqina.
Indandatho yensimbi yangaphandle ivamise ukuba nemfuneko ye-engeli yokuhola, evumela ukucindezelwa.
I-hydraulic bushing inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iwumkhiqizo onenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nenani eliphakeme elingeziwe esigabeni se-bushing. Kunomgodi erabha, futhi kunamafutha emgodini. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-cavity kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokusebenza ze-bushing. Uma amafutha evuza, isihlahla siyalimala. Ama-hydraulic bushings anganikeza ijika elingcono lokuqina, elithinta ukushayeka kwemoto sekukonke.
Ihinge lesiphambano linesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi liyingxenye eyinhlanganisela yamahinge enjoloba namabhola. Inganikeza ukuqina okungcono kune-bushing, i-angle yokujika kanye ne-rotation angle, i-curve ekhethekile yokuqina, futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza zemoto yonke. Iziphambano ezilimele zizodala umsindo kukhebhu lapho imoto ihamba.
3. Ngokuhamba kwesondo, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sesici sokushwiba endaweni yokuxhumana yengalo yokushwiba.
Indawo engalingani yomgwaqo idala ukuthi amasondo agxume phezulu naphansi ngokuhlobene nomzimba (uhlaka), futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amasondo ahamba, njengokuphenduka, ukuya ngqo, njll., okudinga umzila wamasondo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile. Ingalo yokushwiba kanye nelunga lomhlaba wonke ngokuvamile kuxhunywe ihinge lebhola.
Ihinge yebhola yengalo yokushwiba inganikeza i-engeli yokushwiba enkulu kuno-±18°, futhi inganikeza i-engeli yokuzungezisa engu-360°. Ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezimfuneko zokuphuma kwamasondo neziteringi. Futhi ihinge yebhola ihlangabezana nezidingo zewaranti yeminyaka engu-2 noma 60,000 km neminyaka emi-3 noma 80,000 km yemoto yonke.
Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuxhuma phakathi kwengalo yokushwiba kanye nehinge yebhola (i-ball joint), ingahlukaniswa ibe uxhumano lwe-bolt noma i-rivet, i-hinge yebhola ine-flange; uxhumano lokuphazanyiswa kokucindezela, i-hinge yebhola ayinayo i-flange; okuhlanganisiwe, ingalo yokushwiba kanye nehinge yebhola Konke kokukodwa. Ngesakhiwo sensimbi yeshidi elilodwa kanye nesakhiwo esinamashidi amaningi ensimbi, izinhlobo ezimbili zangaphambili zokuxhuma zisetshenziswa kabanzi; uhlobo lokugcina lokuxhuma olufana nensimbi yokubumba, ukubumba i-aluminium kanye nensimbi yokusansimbi lusetshenziswa kabanzi
I-hinge yebhola idinga ukuhlangabezana nokumelana nokugqoka ngaphansi kwesimo somthwalo, ngenxa ye-engeli enkulu yokusebenza kune-bushing, imfuneko yokuphila ephakeme. Ngakho-ke, i-hinge yebhola iyadingeka ukuthi yakhelwe njengesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe, okubandakanya ukugcotshwa okuhle kwe-swing nesistimu yokugcoba engangeni manzi.
Umfanekiso 3 Ingalo yokushwibeka efojiwe ye-Aluminium
Umthelela wedizayini yengalo yokushwibeka kukhwalithi namanani
1. Ikhwalithi yesici: ukukhanya kuba ngcono
Imvamisa yemvelo yomzimba (eyaziwa nangokuthi imvamisa yokudlidliza yamahhala yesistimu yokudlidliza) enqunywa ukuqina kokumiswa kanye nesisindo esisekelwa isiphethu sokumiswa (sprung mass) singenye yezinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile zesistimu yokumiswa ethinta gibela ukunethezeka kwemoto. Imvamisa yokudlidliza eqondile esetshenziswa umzimba womuntu imvamisa yomzimba wehla wenyuka phakathi nokuhamba, okungaba ngu-1-1.6Hz. Imvamisa yemvelo yomzimba kufanele ibe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka kulobu bubanzi bemvamisa. Uma ukuqina kwesistimu yokumiswa kuhlala njalo, i-sprung mass encane, i-deformation encane yokuma kokumiswa, futhi iphakama imvamisa yemvelo.
Uma umthwalo omile ungaguquki, kuba kuncane ukuqina kwe-suspension, kuncipha imvamisa yemvelo yemoto, kanye nesikhala esidingekayo ukuze isondo ligxume liye phezulu naphansi.
Uma izimo zomgwaqo kanye nesivinini semoto zifana, i-mass unsprung encane iyancipha, umthwalo womthelela ohlelweni lokumiswa. I-unsprung mass ihlanganisa i-wheel mass, i-universal joint and guide arm mass, njll.
Ngokuvamile, ingalo yokushwibeka ye-aluminium inesisindo esilula kakhulu futhi ingalo yokujingisisa yensimbi enesisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke. Abanye baphakathi.
Njengoba isisindo seqoqo lezikhali zokushwiba ngokuvamile singaphansi kuka-10kg, uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto enesisindo esingaphezu kuka-1000kg, isisindo sengalo yokushwiba asinamthelela omncane ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.
2. Isici senani: kuncike ohlelweni lokuklama
Izidingo ezengeziwe, izindleko ziphezulu. Emcabangweni wokuthi amandla esakhiwo nokuqina kwengalo yokushwibeka kuhlangabezana nezidingo, izimfuneko zokubekezelela ukukhiqiza, ubunzima benqubo yokukhiqiza, uhlobo lwempahla nokutholakala, kanye nezidingo zokugqwala kwendawo konke kuthinta intengo ngokuqondile. Isibonelo, izici eziphikisana nokugqwala: i-electro-galvanized coating, ngokusebenzisa i-surface passivation kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, zingafinyelela cishe amahora angu-144; ukuvikelwa kwendawo kuhlukaniswe ngopende we-cathodic electrophoretic, ongafinyelela ukumelana nokugqwala okungama-240h ngokulungiswa kokuqina kokuqina nezindlela zokwelapha; i-zinc-iron Noma i-zinc-nickel coating, engahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlola zokunqanda ukugqwala ezingaphezu kuka-500h. Njengoba izidingo zokuhlolwa kokugqwala zikhula, nezindleko zengxenye ziyanda.
Izindleko zingancishiswa ngokuqhathanisa amasu okuklama nesakhiwo sengalo yokushwibeka.
Njengoba sonke sazi, izinhlelo ezahlukene zamaphuzu aqinile zinikeza ukusebenza okuhlukile kokushayela. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwephuzu eliqinile elifanayo kanye nemiklamo ehlukene yokuxhuma amaphuzu anganikeza izindleko ezahlukene.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuxhuma phakathi kwezingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nama-ball joints: uxhumano ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ezijwayelekile (amabhawodi, amantongomane noma ama-rivets), ukuphazanyiswa kokufaneleka kokuxhumana nokuhlanganiswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo esijwayelekile sokuxhuma, ukuphazanyiswa kwesakhiwo sokuxhumanisa kunciphisa izinhlobo zezingxenye, njengama-bolts, amantongomane, ama-rivets nezinye izingxenye. Ucezu olulodwa oludidiyelwe kunokwakheka koxhumano lokuphazanyiswa lunciphisa inani lezingxenye zegobolondo elihlangene lebhola.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuxhumanisa phakathi kwelungu lesakhiwo kanye ne-elastic element: izakhi ezinwebekayo zangaphambili nangemuva ziyi-axially parallel kanye ne-axially perpendicular. Izindlela ezahlukene zinquma izinqubo zokuhlanganisa ezihlukene. Isibonelo, isiqondiso esicindezelayo se-bushing sisendleleni efanayo futhi i-perpendicular to the swing arm arm. Umshini wokunyathelisa onamakhanda amabili wesiteshi esisodwa ungasetshenziswa ukuze ucindezele ukulingana kwamahlahla angaphambili nangemuva ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukonga abasebenzi, okokusebenza nesikhathi; Uma indlela yokufaka ingahambisani (iqondile), umshini wokunyathelisa we-double-head wesiteshi esisodwa ungasetshenziswa ukucindezela nokufaka i-bushing ngokulandelana, konga abasebenzi kanye nemishini; lapho i-bushing iklanyelwe ukucindezelwa ngaphakathi, iziteshi ezimbili kanye nokucindezela okubili kuyadingeka, ngokulandelana cindezela-faka i-bushing.
