Uma ishayela imoto kumele ishintshe njalo lapho ishayela khona ngokwentando yomshayeli, okuyilokho okubizwa nge-car steering. Mayelana nezimoto ezinamasondo, indlela yokubona isiteringi semoto ukuthi umshayeli wenza amasondo (amasondo okuqondisa) ku-axle yokuqondisa (imvamisa i-axle yangaphambili) yemoto achezukise i-engeli ethile ngokuhlobene ne-axis longitudinal. yemoto ngokusebenzisa isethi yezindlela eziklanywe ngokukhethekile. Uma imoto ishayela ngendlela eqondile, isiteringi sivamise ukuthintwa amandla okuphazamisa angemuva endaweni yomgwaqo, bese siyachezuka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze sishintshe indlela yokushayela. Ngalesi sikhathi, umshayeli angasebenzisa le mishini ukuze achezukise isiteringi siye kolunye uhlangothi, ukuze abuyisele indlela yokushayela yemoto. Leli sethi lezikhungo ezikhethekile ezisetshenziselwa ukushintsha noma ukubuyisela indlela yokushayela imoto libizwa ngokuthi i-car steering system (eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-car steering system). Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wesistimu yokuqondisa imoto ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto iyakwazi ukuqondisa futhi ishayelwe ngokuvumelana nentando yomshayeli. [1]
Ukusakazwa kokuhlela umgomo wokwakha
Izinhlelo zokuqondisa izimoto zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: izinhlelo zokuqondisa zemishini kanye nezinhlelo zokuqondisa amandla.
Isistimu yokuqondisa yemishini
Isistimu yokuqondisa eyimishini isebenzisa amandla angokomzimba omshayeli njengamandla okuqondisa, lapho zonke izingxenye zokudlulisa amandla ziyimishini. Isistimu yokuqondisa engumshini inezingxenye ezintathu: indlela yokulawula isiteringi, igiya lokuqondisa kanye nendlela yokudlulisela ukuqondisa.
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa umdwebo wohlelo lokubunjwa kanye nokuhlelwa kwesistimu yokuqondisa eyimishini. Lapho imoto iphenduka, umshayeli ufaka itorque esiteringini 1. Le torque ingena esiteringini esingu-5 esiteringini esingu-2 , esiteringini esingu-universal joint 3 kanye nakwi-steering transmission shaft 4. I-torque ekhuliswa igiya lokuqondisa kanye nokunyakaza ngemuva kokwehla kudluliselwa engalweni yokuqondisa i-rocker 6, bese idluliselwa engalweni ye-knuckle yokuqondisa engu-8 egxilwe kwesokunxele sokuqondisa 9 ngenduku yokuqondisa eqondile 7, ukuze iphini lokuqondisa kwesokunxele. kanye nequnuckle lesiteringi elilisekelayo liyadluliselwa. Isondo lokuqondisa lichezukile. Ukuze uphambukise i-knuckle yesiteringi elungile engu-13 kanye nesiteringi esifanele esisekelwa ngama-engeli ahambisanayo, kuhlinzekwa ne-trapezoid yokuqondisa. I-trapezoid yokuqondisa yakhiwe izingalo ze-trapezoidal 10 kanye ne-12 ezigxilwe kwesokunxele nakwesokudla ama-knuckles okuqondisa kanye nenduku yokubopha u-11 okuphela kwayo kuxhumene nezingalo ze-trapezoidal ngamahinge ebhola.
Umfanekiso 1 Umdwebo wohlelo lokubunjwa kanye nesakhiwo somshini wokuqondisa
Umfanekiso 1 Umdwebo wohlelo lokubunjwa kanye nesakhiwo somshini wokuqondisa
Uchungechunge lwezingxenye nezingxenye ezisuka esiteringini ziye kushaft wesiteringi ziyingxenye yokulawula isiteringi. Uchungechunge lwezingxenye nezingxenye (ngaphandle kwama-knuckles okuqondisa) kusukela engalweni ye-rocker eqondisayo kuya ku-trapezoid yokuqondisa kuyingxenye yomshini wokuqondisa.
uhlelo lokuqondisa amandla
I-power steering system iyisistimu yokuqondisa esebenzisa amandla asemzimbeni womshayeli namandla enjini njengamandla esiteringi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ingxenye encane kuphela yamandla adingekayo ekuqondiseni imoto inikezwa umshayeli, futhi iningi lawo linikezwa injini ngokusebenzisa idivayisi yokuqondisa amandla. Nokho, lapho isiteringi sikagesi sihluleka, ngokuvamile umshayeli kufanele akwazi ukwenza ngokuzimela umsebenzi wokuqondisa imoto. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokuqondisa amandla lwakhiwa ngokungeza isethi yamadivayisi okuqondisa amandla ngesisekelo sohlelo lokuqondisa lwemishini.
Emotweni esindayo enesisindo esiphelele esingaphezu kuka-50t, uma idivayisi yesiteringi samandla sehluleka, amandla asetshenziswa umshayeli esiteringini esishayelayo akude ngokwanele ukuthi angaphambukisa isondo lokuqondisa ukuze afinyelele isiteringi. . Ngakho-ke, isiteringi samandla sezimoto ezinjalo kufanele sithembeke ikakhulukazi.
Umfanekiso 2 Umdwebo weSchematic wokubunjwa kwesistimu yokuqondisa amandla we-hydraulic
Umfanekiso 2 Umdwebo weSchematic wokubunjwa kwesistimu yokuqondisa amandla we-hydraulic
I-FIG. I-2 iwumdwebo wohlelo obonisa ukwakheka kwesistimu yokuqondisa yamandla kagesi kanye nokuhlelwa kwamapayipi omshini wokuqondisa wamandla we-hydraulic. Izingxenye zedivayisi yokuqondisa amandla yilezi: ithangi lamafutha okuqondisa 9, ipompo yamafutha okuqondisa 10, i-valve yokulawula ukuqondisa 5 kanye nesilinda samandla okuqondisa 12. Lapho umshayeli ejika isiteringi 1 ngokuphambene newashi (isiteringi esingakwesokunxele), ingalo yokuqondisa i-rocker 7 ishayela isiteringi esiqondile 6 ukuze siye phambili. Amandla adonsayo wenduku yothayi oqondile asebenza engalweni ye-knuckle yokuqondisa engu-4, futhi idluliselwa engalweni ye-trapezoidal 3 kanye nenduku yokuqondisa engu-11 ngokushintshana, ukuze iqhubekele kwesokudla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, induku eqondile yokuqondisa iphinde iqhube i-valve yesilayidi ku-valve yokulawula ukuqondisa 5, ukuze igumbi elingakwesokudla le-cylinder yamandla okuqondisa 12 lixhunywe ku-tank yamafutha okuqondisa nge-zero liquid surface pressure. Amafutha anengcindezi ephezulu yephampu kawoyela engu-10 angena endaweni engakwesokunxele yesilinda samandla esiteringi, ngakho-ke amandla angakwesokudla we-hydraulic ku-piston yesilinda samandla esiteringi afakwa ku-tie rod 11 ngokusebenzisa induku yokusunduza, okubangela ukuthi hamba uye kwesokudla. Ngale ndlela, i-torque encane esetshenziswa umshayeli esiteringini inganqoba i-torque yokumelana nesiteringi esebenza esiteringini phansi.
