Ipulaki ekhanyayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi ipulaki elikhanyayo. Amapulagi akhanyayo anikeza amandla okushisa okuqalisa ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe lapho injini yedizili ipholisa kubanda kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ipulaki elikhanyayo liyadingeka ukuze libe nezici zokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha kanye nesimo sokushisa esiphezulu esihlala isikhathi eside.
Ipulaki ekhanyayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi ipulaki elikhanyayo.
Amapulagi akhanyayo anikeza amandla okushisa okusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokuqala lapho injini yedizili ipholisa kubanda kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ipulaki elikhanyayo liyadingeka ukuze libe nezici zokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha kanye nesimo sokushisa esiphezulu esihlala isikhathi eside. [1]
Izici zamapulaki akhanyayo ahlukahlukene
Izici ze-Metal glow plug
Isikhathi sokufudumala esisheshayo: imizuzwana emi-3, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-850 degrees Celsius
·Ngemva kwesikhathi sokushisisa: Ngemva kokuba injini isiqalile, amapulaki akhanyayo agcina izinga lokushisa (850 degrees Celsius) imizuzwana engu-180 ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola.
·Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo: cishe i-1000 degrees Celsius.
Izici ze-Ceramic glow plug
Isikhathi sokufudumala: imizuzwana emi-3, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-900 degrees Celsius
·Ngemva kwesikhathi sokushisisa: Ngemva kokuba injini isiqalile, amapulaki akhanyayo agcina izinga lokushisa (900 degrees Celsius) imizuzwana engu-600 ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola.
Umdwebo wohlelo lwesakhiwo sepulaki elikhanyayo elijwayelekile
·Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo: mayelana ne-1150 degrees Celsius.
Izici ze-Fast Preheat Metal Glow Plug
Isikhathi sokufudumala: imizuzwana emi-3, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-1000 degrees Celsius
·Ngemva kwesikhathi sokushisisa: Ngemva kokuba injini isiqalile, amapulaki akhanyayo agcina izinga lokushisa (1000 degrees Celsius) imizuzwana engu-180 ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola.
·Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo: cishe i-1000 degrees Celsius
Ukulawulwa kwesignali ye-PWM
Izici ze-Plug zokushisa ezishisayo ze-Ceramic Glow
Isikhathi sokufudumala: imizuzwana emi-2, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-1000 degrees Celsius
·Ngemva kwesikhathi sokushisisa: Ngemva kokuba injini isiqalile, amapulaki akhanyayo agcina izinga lokushisa (1000 degrees Celsius) imizuzwana engu-600 ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola.
·Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo: mayelana ne-1150 degrees Celsius
Ukulawulwa kwesignali ye-PWM
Injini ye-diesel iqala ipulaki ekhanyayo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zamapulaki akhanyayo, futhi okwamanje ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo ezintathu: ezivamile; Inguqulo ye-voltage ephansi ye-preheater. Ipulaki elikhanyayo ligoqwa odongeni lwegumbi elivuthayo ngalinye lenjini. Indlu yepulaki elikhanyayo inekhoyili yepulaki elikhanyayo elifakwe eshubhuni. I-current idlula kukhoyili ephikisayo, okwenza ishubhu lishise. I-tube inendawo enkulu futhi ingakhiqiza amandla amaningi okushisa. Ingaphakathi leshubhu ligcwele izinto zokuvikela ukuvimbela ikhoyili yokumelana nodonga lwangaphakathi lweshubhu ngenxa yokudlidliza. Ngenxa ye-voltage ehlukile yebhethri (12V noma 24V) kanye nedivayisi yokushisisa ngaphambili esetshenzisiwe, i-voltage elinganiselwe yamapulagi akhanyayo ahlukahlukene nayo ihlukile. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa uhlobo olufanele lwamapulaki akhanyayo. Ukusebenzisa amapulagi akhanyayo angalungile kuzodala ukusha ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukushisa okwanele.
Ezinjinini eziningi zikadizili, kusetshenziswa amapulagi okukhanya alawulwa izinga lokushisa. Lolu hlobo lwepulaki ekhanyayo lufakwe ikhoyili yokufudumeza, empeleni ehlanganisa amakhoyili amathathu, ikhoyili evimbayo, ikhoyili elinganayo kanye nekhoyili yokushisisa ngokushesha, futhi amakhoyili amathathu axhunywe ngochungechunge. Lapho i-current idluliswa kwipulaki ekhanyayo, izinga lokushisa lekhoyili yokushisisa ngokushesha elitholakala ekugcineni kwepulaki elikhanyayo liyaqala likhuphuke, okwenza ipulaki elikhanyayo likhanye lishise. Njengoba ukumelana kwekhoyili yokulinganisa kanye nekhoyili yokuvimba kwanda kakhulu njengoba izinga lokushisa lekhoyili yokufudumeza likhuphuka, lamanje ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili yokufudumeza iyancipha ngokufanele. Lena yindlela ipulaki elikhanyayo elilawula ngayo izinga lokushisa layo. Amanye amapulagi akhanyayo awanawo amakhoyili alinganayo afakiwe ngenxa yezimpawu zawo zokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Amapulagi okukhanya alawulwa izinga lokushisa asetshenziswa kumapulagi amasha akhanyayo awadingi izinzwa zamanje, okwenza isistimu yokushisa ibe lula. [2]
Ipulaki ekhanyayo yokuqapha uhlobo lokusakazwa kwe-preheater
Idivayisi yokukhanya kohlobo lwepulaki ekhanyayo iqukethe amapulagi akhanyayo, iziqapha zepulaki elikhanyayo, ukudluliselwa kwepulaki elikhanyayo nezinye izingxenye. Imonitha yepulaki ekhanyayo kudeshibhodi ibonisa lapho amapulagi akhanyayo eshisa.
I-glow plug monitor ifakwe kuphaneli yensimbi ukuze kuqashwe inqubo yokushisisa yepulaki elikhanyayo. Ipulaki ekhanyayo ine-resistor exhunywe kumthombo wamandla ofanayo. Futhi lapho ipulaki elikhanyayo liba bomvu, lesi simelaphi siphinde sibe bomvu ngesikhathi esifanayo (imvamisa, ipulaki ekhanyayo kufanele ikhanye ngokubomvu imizuzwana eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ngemva kokuvulwa kwesekhethi). Iziqaphi ezimbalwa zamapulaki akhanyayo zixhunywe ngokuhambisana. Ngakho-ke, uma elinye lamapulaki akhanyayo lifushaniswa, isiqaphi sepulaki ekhanyayo sizophenduka sibebomvu ngaphambi kwesikhathi esivamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ipulaki elikhanyayo livuliwe, kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuthi isiqaphasi sepulaki ekhanyayo sibe bomvu. Ukushisisa ipulaki ekhanyayo isikhathi eside kunesikhathi esishiwo kuzolimaza isiqaphi sepulaki elikhanyayo.
I-glow plug relay ivimbela inani elikhulu lamanje ekudluleni kwesiqalisi futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngenxa yokuqapha kwepulaki elikhanyayo ngeke kuthinte amapulaki akhanyayo. I-glow plug relay empeleni iqukethe ama-relay amabili: lapho iswishi yesiqalisi isendaweni ye-G (preheat), i-relay eyodwa yamanje ngemonitha yepulaki elikhanyayo ukuya kupulaki ekhanyayo; lapho iswishi isendaweni ethi START (isiqalo), enye idluliselwe. I-relay iletha okwamanje ngqo kupulaki ekhanyayo ngaphandle kokudlula kumonitha wepulaki elikhanyayo. Lokhu kuvimbela ipulaki elikhanyayo ukuthi lingaphazanyiswa ukwehla kwe-voltage ngenxa yokumelana nemonitha yepulaki elikhanyayo ngesikhathi sokuqalisa.
