Indima Ebalulekile Yezinduku Zokuxhuma Imoto
Izinduku zokuxhumanisa zezimoto ziyizingxenye eziyinhloko eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwezimoto. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinduku zokuxhumanisa zinemithwalo yemfanelo ehlukahlukene kodwa ebalulekile ohlelweni lwezimoto.
Ngaphakathi kwenjini, induku yokuxhuma isebenza njenge-"bridge" yokudlulisa amandla. Ixhuma i-piston kolunye uhlangothi kanye ne-crankshaft kolunye, iguqula ukunyakaza okuqondile okubuyelanayo kwe-piston esilinda kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-crankshaft. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuyisisekelo sokukhishwa kwamandla enjini. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, i-piston icindezelwa kakhulu yigesi, futhi induku yokuxhuma ayidingi nje kuphela ukudlulisa ngokunembile le ngcindezi kodwa futhi kufanele imelane namandla angenawo amandla abangelwa ukunyakaza kweqembu le-piston. Ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sala mandla kushintsha njalo, okubeka izidingo eziphezulu kakhulu emandleni nasekuzinzeni kwenduku yokuxhuma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwakheka kokuthambisa kwenduku yokuxhuma kunganciphisa ukungqubuzana nezinye izingxenye, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.
Ohlelweni lokumiswa kweshasi, induku yokuxhumanisa eqinisayo (isixhumanisi sebha yokulinganisela) "ingumqaphi" wokuqina kwemoto. Ixhumanisa uhlelo lokumiswa nohlaka. Lapho imoto ijika noma ishintsha imizila, inganciphisa ngempumelelo ubukhulu bokugoqa eceleni kwemoto futhi ithuthukise ukubamba kwamathayi, yenze ukushayela kuzinzile kakhudlwana. Lapho idlula emigwaqweni enamagquma, ingasabalalisa amandla okushaya futhi igweme ukucindezela ngokweqile ekumisweni okukodwa, ivikele isakhiwo seshasi. Isibonelo, isixhumanisi sebhalansi ephezulu yombhoshongo oshukile wangaphambili singathuthukisa ukuqina kwemoto, siyigcine izinzile ngesikhathi sokujika okubukhali ngesivinini esikhulu futhi sinciphise ingozi yokugoqa; isixhumanisi sebhalansi se-crossbeam yangaphambili singanciphisa ukuguqulwa kokufuduka kwe-axle yangaphambili futhi senze ngcono ukusebenza kwekhoneni.
Amaphutha Avamile Nezimpawu Zezinduku Zokuxhuma Imoto
Amaphutha Enduku Yokuxhuma Injini
Izinduku zokuxhumanisa injini zivezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukucindezeleka okuphezulu, kanye nokucindezeleka okushintshanayo isikhathi eside, okwenza zibe sengozini yamaphutha ahlukahlukene. Ukuphuka kokukhathala kuyisimo esibucayi kakhulu, esivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezicindezela kakhulu zenduku yokuxhumanisa. Uma iphukile, kungabangela ingozi enkulu lapho injini yonke yonakele khona. Ukuguqulwa kwenduku yokuxhumanisa nakho kuvamile, kufaka phakathi ukugoba nokusonta, okungabangela ukuguguleka kwezingxenye ezifana nama-piston, amasilinda, kanye nama-bearings, okuthinta ukuphuma kwamandla enjini kanye nokuphila kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguguleka emgodini omkhulu wekhanda kanye nokubopha ikhanda okuncane kwenduku yokuxhumanisa kungandisa isikhala phakathi kwenduku yokuxhumanisa nezingxenye ezihlobene, okuholela emsindweni ongavamile wenjini, ukulahlekelwa amandla.
Ukuqinisa Amaphutha Enduku Yokuxhuma
Uphawu olusobala kakhulu lokuzinzisa amaphutha enduku yokuxhuma umsindo ongajwayelekile ovela ku-chassis. Uma ushayela emigwaqweni enamagquma, i-chassis izokhipha umsindo "wokugoqa". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ball joint yenduku yokuxhuma iyagugile noma iyaxega, futhi izingxenye zokuxhuma ziyashayisana ngesikhathi sokudlidliza. Ukuguguleka kwamatayara okungavamile nakho kuyisibonakaliso esivamile. I-ball joint engavamile izobangela amandla angalingani emathayini, kanti ezinye izindawo ziguga kakhulu, zifinyeze isikhathi sokuphila kwetayara futhi zibangele ukuthi imoto inyakaze. Ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, ukushukuma kwesiteringi, ukushukuma kwamasondo, noma ngisho nokwehluleka kwesiteringi kungaba izimpawu eziyingozi zokuzinzisa amaphutha enduku yokuxhuma, okusongela kakhulu ukuphepha kokushayela.
Izixazululo Nokuvimbela Amaphutha Ezintambo Zokuxhuma Imoto
Isixazululo Sephutha
Uma kwenzeka amaphutha enduku yokuxhuma injini, uma ukugoba noma ukusonta kuncane kakhulu, kungalungiswa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ochwepheshe okusebenza ngomshini; ukuguquguquka okukhulu kudinga ukushintshwa kwenduku entsha yokuxhuma. Ukuguga kwembobo enkulu yekhanda kungaxazululwa ngokwandisa ububanzi bembobo nokufaka i-bushing entsha, kuyilapho ukuguga kwe-bushing yekhanda elincane kungashintshwa ngqo. Uma imifantu itholakala emzimbeni wenduku yokuxhuma, ukuze kugwenywe izingozi zokuphepha, induku yokuxhuma kufanele ilahlwe ngokushesha. Uma i-bolt yenduku yokuxhuma ikhubazekile noma iphukile, uma ukunwebeka kwepulasitiki kudlula inani elibekiwe noma kukhona imifantu, nayo idinga ukushintshwa ngesikhathi.
Ukuze kuzinziswe amaphutha enduku yokuxhuma, lapho amalunga ebhola onakele, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni senduku yokuxhuma. Uma ushintsha, khetha izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezifanele imodeli yemoto ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuphephile nokubuyisela ukusebenza kokuqina kwemoto. Isinyathelo sokuvimbela
Ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka kwenduku yokuxhuma. Abanikazi bezimoto, ngokusho kwencwadi yokulungisa izimoto, kufanele, bahlole njalo induku yokuxhuma injini kanye nenduku yokuxhuma eqinisayo, bebheka izimpawu zokuguguleka, ukuguquka, imifantu, njll. Ngesikhathi sokushayela nsuku zonke, kubalulekile ukugwema ukushayela ngobudlova nokunciphisa umthelela osheshayo enduku yokuxhuma injini; uma udlula ezindaweni ezinamaqhubu, yehlisa ijubane ukuze unciphise amandla enduku yokuxhuma eqinisayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhetha imikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abadumile kanye nezikhungo zokulungisa ezingochwepheshe zokulungisa kungandisa ngempumelelo impilo yenduku yokuxhuma futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha kokushayela.
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