Incazelo yamasiko yeQingming Festival kanye nemvelaphi yokukhulekela okhokho abathathu ngenyanga kaMashi
Umqondo wamasiko woMkhosi we-Qingming
“UMkhosi we-Qingming ungomunye wemikhosi yendabuko ebaluleke kakhulu eShayina. Akuyona nje umkhosi wabantu wokuhlonipha okhokho babo nokwazisa inkumbulo yokhokho babo, kodwa futhi kuyisibopho sesizwe saseShayina sokubona okhokho babo, kanye nomkhosi wasentwasahlobo wokuhamba ngezinyawo, ukusondela emvelweni nokukhuthaza impilo entsha.” kusho udokotela wezinganekwane we-Chinese Academy of Social Sciences uShi Aidong. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yoMkhosi we-Qingming, amasiko okuhlabela, ukuphuma kanye neminye imikhuba ivela kakhulu kuMkhosi Wokudla Okubandayo kanye noMkhosi we-Shangsi. UMkhosi Wokudla Okubandayo uhlobene nokuqonda kwabantu basendulo ngemvelo. EShayina, ukuzalwa kabusha komlilo omusha ngemva kokudla okubandayo kuwumkhosi wesikhashana wokuvalelisa okudala nokungenisa okusha, kwembula ulwazi lokushintsha kwezinkathi, okufanekisela ukuqala kwesizini entsha, ithemba elisha, impilo entsha kanye nomjikelezo omusha. Kamuva, inencazelo ethi “ukubonga”, kanye nokugcizelela kakhulu inkumbulo nokubonga “ngesikhathi esidlule”.
Ukudla okubandayo okuvinjelwe umlilo, ukudla okubandayo, ithuna lokuhlabela, iQingming ithatha uhambo olusha lomlilo. Ngaphambi koBukhosi baseTang, ukudla okubandayo kanye neQingming kwakuyimikhosi emibili elandelanayo enezindikimba ezahlukene. Owokuqala kwakuwukulilela abafileyo kanti owesibili kwakuwukufuna ukunakekelwa okusha kwabafundi. I-Yin ne-Yang, ukuphila komoya, laba bobabili banobuhlobo obuseduze. Ukuvimbela umlilo ukukhiqiza umlilo, ukunikela ngokufa ukusindisa impilo, okuwubudlelwano bangaphakathi besiko phakathi kokudla okubandayo ne-Qingming. Ekubuseni koMbusi uXuanzong woBukhosi baseTang, inkantolo yombuso yamisa isiko lokushanela ithuna labantu ngendlela yezinqumo zikahulumeni ngoMkhosi Wokudla Okubandayo ngaphambi koMkhosi we-Qingming. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudla okubandayo noMkhosi we-Qingming kwakuhlobene kakhulu ngesikhathi, isiko loMkhosi Wokudla Okubandayo lalihlotshaniswa noMkhosi we-Qingming kusenesikhathi, futhi ukushanela ithuna kwanwetshwa kusukela ekudleni okubandayo kuya eMkhosini we-Qingming.
Ngemva kokungena eSikhumbuzweni Sengoma, i-Qingming kanye nokudla okubandayo kwahlangana kancane kancane kwaba yinto eyodwa, kwathi i-Qingming yathatha isiko lokuzidela eMkhosini Wokudla Okubandayo ngaphansi kwegama layo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amasiko omkhosi “wentwasahlobo kaShangsi” nawo ahlanganiswe eMkhosini we-Qingming. Ngemva koBukhosi bukaMing no-Qing, uMkhosi kaShangsi wahoxa ohlelweni lomkhosi, kanti uMkhosi Wokudla Okubandayo usuphelile. Intwasahlobo kuphela uMkhosi we-Qingming owodwa.
“UMkhosi we-Qingming uwukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemikhosi yasentwasahlobo cishe yonke, kanti isiko loMkhosi we-Qingming linomqondo ocebile wamasiko.” kusho uShi Aidong. Ngokungafani neminye imikhosi yendabuko, uMkhosi we-Qingming uwumkhosi ophelele ohlanganisa “amagama elanga” kanye “namasiko omkhosi”. I-Qingming kusukela ethemini yelanga isesikhathini sasentwasahlobo ngemva kokuba, ngalesi sikhathi isimo sezulu sifudumala, sigcwele amandla, abantu behamba ngezinyawo, beseduze nemvelo, kungathiwa bahambisana nosuku, basiza ekumunceni igesi yemvelo emsulwa yaseYang, basakaze amakhaza kanye nokucindezeleka, kuhle empilweni yomzimba neyengqondo.
Kusukela eBukhosini bukaTang, ukudla okubandayo kanye neQingming kwakuhambisana neholide, kanti iziqu zonyaka ezahlukene zazinezinsuku ezine kuya kweziyisikhombisa zokuphumula ngokulandelana. UBukhosi Bengoma kwakuyisikhathi lapho impilo yayisiya ngokuya iba madolobheni futhi amasiko abantu ayethuthuka abe ukuzijabulisa. Ukuze kuvunyelwe abantu ukuthi bashanele amathuna futhi baphume baye eQingming, kunqunywe ngokukhethekile ukuthi iTaixue inezinsuku ezintathu zokuphumula kanti ubuciko bokulwa bunosuku olulodwa lokuphumula. I-“Qingming River Map” ibonisa isithombe seQingming esichumayo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukushanela nokuphuma ethuneni, ekuqaleni izindikimba ezimbili ezahlukene zamasiko, ngemva koMbuso Wengoma zahlangana kancane kancane, futhi ziyaqhubeka nokunikezwa ukubaluleka okuhle kwamasiko. Abantu bahlobanisa ngqo ukukhulekelwa kokhokho nesimo sesizwe saseShayina, esibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekukhulekeleni kobuzali kanye nokulandelela ngokucophelela isikhathi esidlule, futhi bacabanga ukuthi amasiko oMkhosi weQingming abonisa ukuqonda kokuziphatha kwabantu baseShayina kokubonga nokungakhohlwa izimpande zabo. Ukubaluleka kwawo kwamasiko kufana noSuku Lokubonga LwaseNtshonalanga. Kukhona ubudlelwano obujulile phakathi kwemisebenzi yokukhulekela okhokho kanye namasiko okuzinikela kobuzali okugxile kakhulu emasikweni aseShayina, futhi leli siko liyinsika yentuthuko evumelanayo nezinzile yomphakathi waseShayina izinkulungwane zeminyaka, okusiza ekusunguleni ubudlelwano obuvumelanayo phakathi kwezizukulwane phakathi kwabantu basendulo kanye nabamanje, abandulelayo kanye nenzalo, futhi kuqhubeke nokukhuthaza ubudlelwano obuvumelanayo phakathi komuntu nomuntu, umuntu kanye nemvelo. Lokhu futhi kuyisisekelo sabantu boMkhosi weQingming onamandla amakhulu.
UShi Aidong wethule ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kwamandla akhiqizayo kanye nokuguquka kwempilo yomphakathi, uMkhosi we-Qingming ekuqaleni uvele njengomkhuba wokuguquka kusuka ekuhlatshweni okungcwele kuya ekuzijabuliseni okungokwezwe, kanti ithuna loMkhosi we-Qingming seliyisikhathi samaholide sokuphuma entwasahlobo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-willow iyisizini yasentwasahlobo, i-willow kanye ne-willow nakho kuyimikhuba nemfashini eyingqayizivele ye-Qingming. Ngesikhathi seRiphabhulikhi yaseShayina, usuku lokutshala i-willow lwaba "uSuku Lokutshala". Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lushintsha kanjani, ukulila kanye nomhlatshelo yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Qingming yaseShayina.
“Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvela emvelaphi noma ekuziphendukeleni kwayo, singafingqa izincazelo ezimbili ezingokomfanekiso zoMkhosi weQingming, enye iyisikhumbuzo sokubonga ‘kanti enye’ ikhuthaza abafundi abasha’.”
Umsuka wokukhulekela okhokho ngosuku lwesithathu lwenyanga yesithathu
Umkhosi wokukhulekela umuzi kaDing Haishi woNyaka woMbusi Ophuzi ngomhlaka-19 kuMbasa (usuku lwesithathu lwenyanga yesithathu) edolobheni lakubo kaXuanyuan Huangdi – iDolobha laseXinzheng, eSifundazweni saseHenan.
Umqondisi wekomidi elihlela umcimbi weBaizu, iphini likamongameli we-Chinese Yanhuang Cultural Research Association, uSihlalo we-Henan Provincial CPPCC uWang Shu uthe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kube khona isaga esithi “uMashi 3, wazalwa uXuanyuan”. Ukukhulekela uXuanyuan Yellow Emperor, kuwumkhosi wendabuko wesizwe saseShayina. Okokuqala kubonakala ezintweni zomlando, lapho isikhathi saseNtwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngemva koBukhosi bukaTang, kancane kancane kwaba umthethonqubo, oqhubeka kuze kube manje.
Ngokusho kwamarekhodi omlando, iDolobha laseXinzheng eSifundazweni saseHenan lalibizwa ngokuthi iZwe Lamabhere ngesikhathi soMbusi Ophuzi. Kunezinsalela zamasiko ezingaphezu kuka-20 zoMbusi Ophuzi, futhi yindawo lapho uMbusi Ophuzi azalelwa khona, waqala ibhizinisi lakhe futhi wasungula inhloko-dolobha yakhe. I-Xuanyuan Huangdi kule ndawo yamasosha aseXiude zhen, aduduza abantu, izinga lesine, uMbusi waseRong Yan wahlanganisa umhlaba.
Izizukulwane zakamuva ukuze zikhumbule ubuhle boMbusi Ophuzi, minyaka yonke ngosuku lwesithathu lukaMashi edolobheni lakubo loMbusi Ophuzi ukuze kubanjwe imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yokukhulekela okhokho, ikakhulukazi eNkathini Yentwasahlobo kanye neNtwasahlobo, igama lesifundazwe saseZheng ukuqhubeka nalo msebenzi wesintu, ukuphakama kokwenyuka kwentaba ngoMashi okwesithathu (okuseDolobheni laseXinzheng, umsebenzi woMbusi Ophuzi) kukhulekelwa imisebenzi yoMbusi Ophuzi uXuanyuan, futhi ukwakheka kwezinganekwane kwaqhubeka.
UWang Liqun, uprofesa eYunivesithi yaseHenan, uthe ngaphezu kokuthi uMbusi Ophuzi wayebhekwa njengesithonjana samasiko enkathini yempucuko, kwakukhona nesinye isici esibalulekile: uMbusi Ophuzi wayengukhokho ojwayelekile wesizwe saseShayina.
Ngokusho kwekomidi elihlela uMkhosi Wokukhulekela Okhokho wedolobha lase-Yellow Emperor eDinghai Year of Henan Province, imisebenzi emikhulu yokukhulekela okhokho eXinzheng City, idolobha lase-Yellow Emperor, yaqala ngo-1992, futhi kamuva yaguquka yaba uMkhosi Wamasiko waseYanhuang, oye wabanjwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-10. Ekhalendeni lenyanga likaMashi 3, 2006, iSifundazwe saseHenan ngonyaka womkhosi wokukhulekela idolobha lase-Yellow Emperor wabanjwa ngempumelelo eXinzheng City, unomthelela omkhulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-03-2024

