Yini eyenziwa yi-turbocharger yemoto
Indima eyinhloko ye-turbocharger yezimoto ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini ngokwandisa ukungena komoya. Isebenzisa igesi yokukhipha umoya evela enjinini ukushayela i-turbine ukuze ijikeleze, bese iqhuba i-coaxial impeller ukuze icindezele umoya, ukuze umoya omningi ungene esilinda, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokushisa futhi ikhulise amandla okukhipha enjini. Ama-turbocharger asebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla avela kumagesi okukhipha umoya ukushayela i-turbine, ecindezela umoya futhi iwufake enjinini, inqubo engagcini nje ngokwandisa amandla enjini, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa amandla emoto kanye nokusabela.
I-turbocharger inezingxenye ezimbili: i-turbine kanye ne-compressor. I-turbine itholakala epayipini lokukhipha umoya, igesi yokukhipha umoya ijikeleziswa nge-turbine, kanti i-compressor ixhunywe echwebeni lokungenisa lenjini, futhi amandla akhiqizwa ukujikeleza kwe-turbine acindezela umoya ongenayo bese ewuthumela enjinini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kubhekane nezinkinga zokushisa okuphezulu, i-intercooler ivame ukungezwa ohlelweni ukuze ipholise umoya ocindezelwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle.
Ubuchwepheshe be-turbocharging busetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yezimoto, obungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amandla enjini, kodwa futhi benza imoto isebenze kangcono uma isheshisa futhi ikhuphuka amagquma. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe obusha be-turbocharging njenge-turbocharging eguquguqukayo exubile kanye nobuchwepheshe be-turbocharging obuguquguqukayo obunezigaba ezimbili nabo buyavela, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.
I-turbocharger yezimoto iyi-air compressor ecindezela umoya ukuze inyuse ivolumu yokungenisa, ngaleyo ndlela inyuse amandla okukhipha injini. Isebenzisa i-inertia impulse yegesi yokukhipha ekhishwa yinjini ukuze icindezele i-turbine ngaphakathi kwe-turbine, bese i-turbine ishayela i-coaxial impeller, i-impeller icindezela umoya ungene kwisilinda, ngaleyo ndlela inyuse ubuningi bokungenisa, okwenza uphethiloli ushise ngokugcwele, ngaleyo ndlela inyuse amandla okukhipha enjini.
I-turbocharger yakhiwe kakhulu yi-turbine kanye ne-compressor, kokubili kuhlanganiswe kube yiyunithi eyodwa. I-turbine isebenzisa amandla okukhipha umoya avela enjinini ukuze isebenze, kuyilapho i-compressor inikeza umoya ocindezelwe. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ama-rotor, ama-bearings, izinhlelo zokugcoba nezokupholisa, izivalo kanye nokushisa. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-turbocharger zifaka phakathi ukugeleza kwe-radial kanye nokugeleza kwe-axial. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ama-turbocharger amasha afana nobuchwepheshe be-variable mixed-flow kanye ne-variable two-stage supercharging nawo ayavela.
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