Isebenza kanjani isilawuli sesigaba sokukhipha umoya?
Umgomo wokusebenza womlawuli wesigaba sokukhipha umoya ikakhulukazi ukufakwa kwentwasahlobo yokubuyisa, isiqondiso se-torque siphambene nesiqondiso se-torque yangaphambili ye-camshaft, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umlawuli wesigaba sokukhipha umoya ungabuya ngokujwayelekile. Ekusebenzeni kwenjini, ngokushintsha okuqhubekayo kwesimo sokusebenza, isigaba se-camshaft sidinga ukulungiswa njalo, kanti intwasahlobo yokubuyisa izojikeleza ngokushintshana ngokulungiswa kwesigaba. Lokhu kunyakaza kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kokukhathala kwentwasahlobo yokubuyisa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukucindezeleka okuphezulu okukhiqizwa yintwasahlobo yokubuyisa lapho usebenza ukuze kutholakale isici sokuphepha kokukhathala kwentwasahlobo.
Umgomo wokusebenza womlawuli wesigaba sokukhipha umoya uhlanganisa nomqondo wesigaba se-valve yenjini, okungukuthi, isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala kanye nobude bokuvula kwama-valve okungena nawokukhipha umoya amelwe yi-crankshaft Angle. Isigaba se-valve sivame ukumelwa umdwebo oyindilinga we-crank Angle maqondana nezikhundla ze-crank eziphakathi nendawo ezifile eziphezulu nezingezansi, ezingabonakala njengenqubo yokuphefumula nokukhipha umoya emzimbeni womuntu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womshini we-valve ukuvula nokuvala ama-valve okungena nawokukhipha umoya wesilinda ngasinye ngokuya ngomkhawulo wesikhathi esithile, ukuze kufezwe yonke inqubo yokunikezwa kokushintshana komoya wesilinda senjini.
Ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe ezithile, njengobuchwepheshe be-VTEC, ngokulungiswa okuhlakaniphile kohlelo lokulawula ngogesi, lungafeza ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo kwamaqembu amabili ama-valve drive cams ahlukene ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nesivinini esiphezulu, ukuze kuvumelane nezidingo zezimo ezahlukene zokushayela ukuze injini isebenze kahle. Umgomo wokusebenza we-VTEC ukuthi lapho injini iguqulwa isuka esivinini esiphansi iye esivinini esiphezulu, ikhompyutha kagesi iqondisa ngokunembile ingcindezi kawoyela ku-intake camshaft, futhi iqhube i-camshaft ukuthi ijikeleze emuva naphambili ebangeni elingama-degree angu-60 ngokujikeleza kwe-turbine encane, ngaleyo ndlela ishintshe isikhathi sokuvula se-intake valve ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokulungisa isikhathi se-valve njalo. Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, bukhulisa ukukhishwa kwamandla, futhi bunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
Iyini indima yomlawuli wesigaba sokukhipha umoya?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko womlawuli wesigaba sokukhipha umoya ukulungisa isigaba se-camshaft ngokuya ngezinguquko ezimweni zokusebenza kwenjini, ukuze kulungiswe ivolumu yokungenisa kanye neyokukhipha umoya, kulawulwe isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala kanye ne-engela yevalvu, bese kuthuthukiswa ukusebenza kahle kokungenisa kwenjini, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, futhi kwandiswe amandla enjini.
Umlawuli wesigaba sokukhipha ugesi uqaphela ukwenziwa ngcono kokusebenza kwenjini ngokusebenzisa umgomo wayo wokusebenza. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, lapho injini ivaliwe, umlawuli wesigaba sokungenisa usesimweni esibi kakhulu, kanti umlawuli wesigaba sokukhipha ugesi usesimweni esiphambili kakhulu. I-camshaft yenjini ijikeleza ngendlela yokugoba ngaphansi kwesenzo se-torque ehamba phambili ephikisana newashi. Kumlawuli wesigaba sokukhipha ugesi, isikhundla sayo sokuqala sisesimweni esiphambili kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-torque ye-camshaft kumele inqotshwe ukuze ibuyele esimweni sokuqala lapho injini imisiwe. Ukuze umlawuli wesigaba sokukhipha ugesi abuyele ngendlela evamile, kuvame ukufakwa isiphethu sokubuyisela, futhi isiqondiso sayo se-torque siphambene nesiqondiso se-torque ehamba phambili ye-camshaft. Lapho injini isebenza, ngokushintsha okuqhubekayo kwesimo sokusebenza, isigaba se-camshaft sidinga ukulungiswa njalo, futhi isiphethu sokubuyisela sizojikeleza ngokushintshana ngokulungiswa kwesigaba. Lo msebenzi usiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini, kufaka phakathi amandla akhuphukile, i-torque kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa okuyingozi .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zesigaba sokukhipha umoya kuhilela nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yokukhishwa komoya ophumayo enjinini. Umlawuli wesigaba se-camshaft usetshenziswe kabanzi enjinini kaphethiloli ngokulawulwa okuqinile kokukhishwa komoya ophumayo emotweni. Ngokulungisa njalo i-Angle ye-valve overlap, umlawuli wesigaba se-camshaft angalawula ngokuguquguqukayo nangokuphumelelayo ukusebenza kahle kokwehla kwamandla enjini kanye nenani legesi yokukhipha eseleyo esilinda, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwenjini futhi kuncishiswe ukukhishwa okuyingozi .
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