Isibani sekhanda
Amalambu ezimoto ngokuvamile akhiwa izingxenye ezintathu: isibani, isibonisi nesibuko esifanayo (isibuko se-astigmatism).
isibani esisodwa
Amalambu asetshenziswa kumalambu emoto amalambu e-incandescent, ama-halogen tungsten amalambu, amalambu ama-arc akhanya kakhulu nokunye.
(1) Isibani se-incandescent: umucu wayo wenziwe ngocingo lwe-tungsten (i-tungsten inephuzu elincibilikayo eliphakeme nokukhanya okuqinile). Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuze kwandiswe impilo yesevisi ye-bulb, i-bulb igcwele igesi ye-inert (i-nitrogen kanye nengxube yayo yamagesi angenayo). Lokhu kunganciphisa ukuhwamuka kocingo lwe-tungsten, kwandise izinga lokushisa lomucu, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo. Ukukhanya okuvela kusibani se-incandescent kunombala ophuzi.
(2) Isibani se-Tungsten halide: Isibani sokukhanya se-Tungsten halide sishuthekwa kugesi engenzi lutho entweni ethile ye-halide (njenge-iodine, i-chlorine, i-fluorine, i-bromine, njll.), kusetshenziswa isimiso sokuphendula kabusha kwe-tungsten halide, okungukuthi, i-gaseous tungsten ehwamukayo emculweni isabela ne-halogen ukuze ikhiqize i-tungsten halide eguquguqukayo, esakazekela endaweni yokushisa ephezulu eduze komcu, futhi iboliswe ukushisa, ukuze i-tungsten ibuyiselwe emculweni. I-halogen ekhululiwe iyaqhubeka nokusabalala futhi ibambe iqhaza ekuphenduleni komjikelezo olandelayo, ngakho-ke umjikelezo uyaqhubeka, ngaleyo ndlela uvimbela ukuhwamuka kwe-tungsten nokuba mnyama kwebulb. Usayizi we-tungsten halogen light bulb usayizi omncane, igobolondo lesibani lenziwe ngengilazi ye-quartz enokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu namandla aphezulu emishini, ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo, ukukhanya kwesibani se-tungsten halogen kuyizikhathi eziyi-1.5 kunesibani se-incandescent, futhi impilo ingu-2 kuya Izikhathi ezi-3 ngaphezulu.
(3) Isibani esisha se-arc esikhanyayo: Lesi sibani asinawo umcu wendabuko kwi-bulb. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-electrode amabili afakwa ngaphakathi kweshubhu ye-quartz. I-tube igcwele i-xenon kanye ne-trace metals (noma i-metal halides), futhi uma kune-voltage ye-arc eyanele ku-electrode (5000 ~ 12000V), igesi iqala uku-ionize futhi iqhube ugesi. Ama-athomu egesi asesimweni sokujabula futhi aqala ukukhipha ukukhanya ngenxa yokuguquka kwezinga lamandla ama-electron. Ngemuva kwama-0.1s, inani elincane lomhwamuko we-mercury liyahwamuka phakathi kwama-electrode, futhi amandla anikezwa ngokushesha adluliselwe ekukhishweni kwe-mercury vapor arc, bese edluliselwa esibani se-halide arc ngemuva kokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kufinyelele izinga lokushisa elivamile le-bulb, amandla okugcina ukukhishwa kwe-arc aphansi kakhulu (cishe ama-35w), ngakho-ke u-40% wamandla kagesi angagcinwa.
2. isibonisi
Umsebenzi we-reflector ukukhulisa ukupholisa kokukhanya okukhishwa isibani ku-beam eqinile ukuze kwandiswe ibanga lokushiswa kwemisebe.
Umumo ongaphezulu wesibuko uyi-paraboloid ejikelezayo, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi elincanyana elingu-0.6 ~ 0.8mm noma elenziwe ngengilazi, ipulasitiki. Ingaphakathi ligqitshwe ngesiliva, i-aluminium noma i-chrome bese liyapholishwa; Umucu utholakala endaweni okugxilwe kuyo esibukweni, futhi imisebe yaso eminingi yokukhanya iyabonakala futhi idutshulwe kude njengemishayo ehambisanayo. Isibani esingenasibuko singakhanyisa kuphela ibanga elingama-6m, futhi i-parallel beam eboniswa yisibuko ingakhanyisa ibanga elingaphezu kuka-100m. Ngemuva kwesibuko, kukhona ukukhanya okuncane okuhlakazekile, okungaphezulu okungenamsebenzi ngokuphelele, futhi ukukhanya okungemuva nokuphansi kusiza ukukhanyisa indawo yomgwaqo kanye ne-curb ye-5 kuya ku-10m.
3. ilensi
I-Pantoscope, eyaziwa nangokuthi ingilazi ye-astigmatic, iyinhlanganisela yamaprism amaningana akhethekile namalensi, futhi umumo uvame ukuba yindilinga futhi unxande. Umsebenzi wesibuko esihambisanayo ukuhlehlisa i-parallel beam eboniswa yisibuko, ukuze umgwaqo ophambi kwemoto ube nokukhanya okuhle nokufana okufanayo.
Indlela yokubhekana nenkungu yamanzi ezibani zangaphambili zemoto?
Amalambu ezimoto anenkungu yamanzi angaphathwa ngale ndlela: vula izibani zangaphambili ukuze zihwamuke ngokwemvelo, ukuchayeka elangeni, ukuhlanza ngesibhamu samanzi anomfutho ophakeme, buyisela umthunzi wesibani, ushaye ngesomisi sezinwele, buyisela isivalo selambu, khipha umswakama emoyeni. , engeza ifeni yokupholisa, buyisela isibani.
Imbangela yokwehluleka kwesibani?
Izizathu zokuthi kungani izibani zangaphambili zingasebenzi zingabandakanya:
Isibani sonakele : Isibani siyingxenye egqokiwe, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside noma izimo ezimbi zomgwaqo zingadala umonakalo. .
ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukujikeleza okufushane : ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukujikeleza okufushane kwentambo kungase kuthinte ukudluliswa kwamanje futhi kubangele ukuthi amalambu ahluleke ukukhanya. .
ukwehluleka kokudluliswa kwe-relay noma inhlanganisela ye-switch : Ukwehluleka kwe-relay noma inhlanganisela kungabangela nokuthi izibani zangaphambili zingakhanyi. .
I-fuse eshaywayo : I-fuse evuthelwayo iyimbangela evamile, hlola bese ufaka esikhundleni se-fuse kungaxazulula inkinga. .
ulayini ovulekile, omfushane noma ophukile : ukuxhumeka kolayini okungekuhle noma okuxekethile, ukuhlangana akukho endaweni nakho kuzoholela ekutheni ukukhanya kwekhanda kungakhanyi.
Ukwehluleka kwesilawuli se-voltage : Ukuhluleka kwesilawuli sikagesi kungabangela ukuthi i-voltage ibe phezulu kakhulu, okungabangela ukuthi isibani sicime. .
Amandla ebhethri aphansi : Amandla ebhethri aphansi azophazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwezibani zangaphambili. .
Ipulaki yelambu elixegayo : njalo hlola ukuthi ipulaki lelambu liqinile, ukuqiniswa okufika ngesikhathi kungagwema izinkinga ezinjalo. .
Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:
Hlola isibani somonakalo bese ufaka esisha uma kunesidingo.
Bheka izintambo ukuthi azishisi yini noma amasekhethi amafushane, futhi uzilungise noma uzishintshe uma kunesidingo.
Hlola ukuthi ama-relay namaswishi ahlanganisiwe asebenza kahle yini, futhi uwalungise noma uwashintshe uma kunesidingo.
Hlola ukuthi i-fuse ishaywa yini futhi ufake i-fuse uma kunesidingo.
Hlola umugqa ukuthi uvuliwe, mfushane noma uphukile, futhi ulungise uma kunesidingo.
Hlola ukuthi isilawuli sikagesi sisebenza kahle futhi usilungise noma usishintshe uma kunesidingo.
Hlola ukuthi ibhethri ishajwe ngokugcwele yini, bese uyashaja noma ushintshe ibhethri uma kunesidingo.
Hlola ukuthi ipulaki yesibani siqinile futhi uqinise uma kunesidingo.
Ngalezi zinyathelo, ungakwazi ukuxilonga ngempumelelo futhi uxazulule inkinga yezibani zemoto ezingakhanyi. .
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