Ingalo ejikayo ivame ukutholakala phakathi kwesondo nomzimba, futhi iyisici sokuphepha esihlobene nomshayeli esidlulisela amandla, senza buthaka ukudluliselwa kokudlidliza, futhi silawule indlela.
Ingalo ejikayo ivame ukutholakala phakathi kwesondo nomzimba, futhi iyisici sokuphepha esihlobene nomshayeli esidlulisa amandla, sinciphise ukudluliselwa kokudlidliza, futhi silawule isiqondiso. Lesi sihloko sethula ukwakheka okuvamile kwengalo ejikayo emakethe, futhi siqhathanisa futhi sihlaziye ithonya lezakhiwo ezahlukene enkambisweni, ikhwalithi kanye nentengo.
Ukumiswa kwe-chassis yemoto kuhlukaniswe cishe kube ukumiswa kwangaphambili kanye nokumiswa kwangemuva. Zombili izimisiso zangaphambili nangemuva zinezingalo zokujikisa ukuxhuma amasondo nomzimba. Izingalo zokujikisa zivame ukutholakala phakathi kwamasondo nomzimba.
Indima yengalo yokuqondisa ukujikijela ukuxhuma isondo nohlaka, ukudlulisa amandla, ukunciphisa ukudluliselwa kokudlidliza, nokulawula isiqondiso. Kuyingxenye yokuphepha ehilela umshayeli. Kunezingxenye zesakhiwo ezidlulisela amandla ohlelweni lokumiswa, ukuze amasondo ahambe maqondana nomzimba ngokwendlela ethile. Izingxenye zesakhiwo zidlulisela umthwalo, futhi lonke uhlelo lokumiswa luthwala ukusebenza kokuphathwa kwemoto.
Imisebenzi evamile kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo sengalo yokujika yemoto
1. Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudluliselwa komthwalo, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sengalo yokujika kanye nobuchwepheshe
Izimoto eziningi zanamuhla zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokumiswa ezizimele. Ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesakhiwo, izinhlelo zokumiswa ezizimele zingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwethambo le-wishbone, uhlobo lwengalo elandelanayo, uhlobo lwezixhumanisi eziningi, uhlobo lwekhandlela kanye nohlobo lwe-McPherson. Ingalo ewelanayo kanye nengalo elandelanayo kuyisakhiwo samandla amabili sengalo eyodwa ku-multi-link, enamaphuzu amabili okuxhuma. Izinduku ezimbili zamandla amabili zihlanganiswe endaweni yonke nge-engeli ethile, kanti imigqa yokuxhuma yamaphuzu okuxhuma yakha isakhiwo esingunxantathu. Ingalo engezansi yokumiswa kwangaphambili ye-MacPherson iyingalo evamile yokujika enamaphuzu amathathu enamaphuzu amathathu okuxhuma. Umugqa oxhumanisa amaphuzu amathathu okuxhumanisa uyisakhiwo esingunxantathu esizinzile esingamelana nemithwalo ngezindlela eziningi.
Isakhiwo sengalo yokujikisa enamandla amabili silula, futhi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kuvame ukunqunywa ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukile bobungcweti kanye nokulula kokucubungula kwenkampani ngayinye. Isibonelo, isakhiwo sensimbi yeshidi esigxiviziwe (bheka uMfanekiso 1), isakhiwo sokuklama siyipuleti lensimbi elilodwa elingenayo i-welding, kanti i-cavity yesakhiwo ikakhulukazi isesimweni "se-I"; isakhiwo sensimbi yeshidi esihlanganisiwe (bheka uMfanekiso 2), isakhiwo sokuklama siyipuleti lensimbi elihlanganisiwe, kanti i-cavity yesakhiwo isesimweni "se-口"; noma amapuleti okuqinisa endawo asetshenziselwa ukushisela nokuqinisa indawo eyingozi; isakhiwo sokucubungula umshini wokwakha insimbi, i-cavity yesakhiwo iqinile, futhi ukuma kulungiswa kakhulu ngokuya ngezidingo zokwakheka kwe-chassis; isakhiwo sokucubungula umshini wokwakha i-aluminium (bheka uMfanekiso 3), isakhiwo I-cavity iqinile, futhi izidingo zesimo zifana nokwakha insimbi; isakhiwo sepayipi lensimbi silula ngesakhiwo, futhi i-cavity yesakhiwo iyindilinga.
Isakhiwo sengalo yokujikisa enamaphuzu amathathu siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kuvame ukunqunywa ngokwezidingo ze-OEM. Ekuhlaziyweni kokulingisa ukunyakaza, ingalo yokujikisa ayikwazi ukuphazamisa ezinye izingxenye, futhi iningi lazo linezidingo zebanga elincane. Isibonelo, isakhiwo sensimbi yeshidi esigxiviziwe sisetshenziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo nesakhiwo sensimbi yeshidi esihlanganisiwe, imbobo ye-sensor harness noma i-stabilizer bar connecting rod connecting bracket, njll. kuzoshintsha isakhiwo sokuklama sengalo yokujikisa; imbobo yesakhiwo isesesimo "somlomo", futhi imbobo yengalo yokujikisa izohlala ivaliwe. Isakhiwo esivaliwe singcono kunesakhiwo esingavalwanga. Isakhiwo esenziwe ngomshini wokwakha, imbobo yesakhiwo ikakhulukazi iyisimo "se-I", esinezici zendabuko zokuguquka nokumelana nokugoba; isakhiwo esenziwe ngomshini wokwakha, ukuma kanye nembobo yesakhiwo kuhlonyiswe kakhulu ngezimbambo zokuqinisa kanye nezimbobo zokunciphisa isisindo ngokwezimpawu zokukhipha; ukushisela insimbi yeshidi Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe ne-forging, ngenxa yezidingo zesikhala sesakhiwo se-chassis yemoto, i-ball joint ihlanganiswe ne-forging, futhi i-forging ixhunywe nensimbi yeshidi; Isakhiwo somshini we-aluminium esenziwe ngensimbi sinikeza ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokukhiqiza kunokwakha, futhi sinamandla angcono kakhulu kunezinto zokwakha, okuwukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
2. Nciphisa ukudluliselwa kokudlidliza emzimbeni, kanye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo se-elastic element endaweni yokuxhuma yengalo ejikayo
Njengoba indawo yomgwaqo imoto eshayela kuyo ingeke ibe yithafa ngokuphelele, amandla okusabela aqondile omgwaqo asebenza emasondo avame ukuba nomthelela, ikakhulukazi uma ushayela ngesivinini esikhulu endaweni yomgwaqo embi, la mandla omthelela nawo abangela umshayeli ukuthi azizwe engakhululekile. , izinto ezinwebekayo zifakwa ohlelweni lokumiswa, futhi uxhumano oluqinile luguqulwa lube uxhumano olunwebekayo. Ngemva kokuthi into enwebekayo ithintwe, ikhiqiza ukudlidliza, futhi ukudlidliza okuqhubekayo kwenza umshayeli azizwe engakhululekile, ngakho uhlelo lokumiswa ludinga izinto ezimanzi ukuze kuncishiswe ubukhulu bokudlidliza ngokushesha.
Izindawo zokuxhumanisa ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sengalo ejikayo ukuxhumana kwe-element enwebekayo kanye nokuxhumana kwe-ball joint. Izinto ezinwebekayo zinikeza ukudambisa ukudlidliza kanye nenani elincane lamazinga okukhululeka ajikelezayo nashintshashintshayo. Ama-bushing enjoloba avame ukusetshenziswa njengezingxenye ezinwebekayo ezimotweni, kanti ama-bushing e-hydraulic kanye nama-cross hinge nawo ayasetshenziswa.
Umfanekiso 2 Ingalo yokujikisa yokushisela yensimbi yeshidi
Isakhiwo se-rubber bushing ikakhulukazi ipayipi lensimbi elinerabha ngaphandle, noma isakhiwo se-sandwich sepayipi lensimbi-irabha-insimbi. Ipayipi lensimbi langaphakathi lidinga ukumelana nengcindezi nezidingo zobubanzi, futhi ama-serration alwa nokushelela avamile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Ingqimba yerabha ilungisa ifomula yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nesakhiwo sokuklama ngokwezidingo ezahlukene zokuqina.
Indandatho yensimbi engaphandle ivame ukuba nesidingo se-lead-in angle, esivumela ukufakwa kwe-press.
I-hydraulic bushing inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ingumkhiqizo onenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nenani eliphezulu elengeziwe esigabeni se-bushing. Kukhona imbobo erabheni, futhi kukhona uwoyela embobo. Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sembobo kwenziwa ngokwezidingo zokusebenza kwe-bushing. Uma uwoyela uvuza, i-bushing yonakele. Ama-hydraulic bushings anganikeza ijika elingcono lokuqina, elithinta ukushayeka kwemoto iyonke.
I-cross hinge inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyingxenye ehlanganisiwe yama-raber kanye nama-ball hinges. Inganikeza ukuqina okungcono kune-bushing, i-swing angle kanye ne-rotation angle, i-stiff curve ekhethekile, futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza kwemoto yonke. Ama-cross hinges alimele azokhipha umsindo ekhabhini lapho imoto inyakaza.
3. Ngokuhamba kwesondo, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sento yokujika endaweni yokuxhuma yengalo yokujika
Ubuso bomgwaqo obungalingani bubangela ukuthi amasondo agxume phezulu naphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba (uhlaka), futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amasondo ayahamba, njengokujika, ukuhamba aqonde, njll., okudinga ukuthi amasondo ahambe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile. Ingalo ejikayo kanye nejoyinti elihlanganisiwe kuxhunywe kakhulu nge-ball hinge.
Ihinji yebhola lengalo yokujika inganikeza i-engeli yokujika engaphezu kuka-±18°, futhi inganikeza i-engeli yokujikeleza engu-360°. Ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokugijima kwamasondo kanye nokuqondisa. Futhi ihinji yebhola ihlangabezana nezidingo zewaranti yeminyaka emi-2 noma amakhilomitha angu-60,000 kanye neminyaka emi-3 noma amakhilomitha angu-80,000 kuyo yonke imoto.
Ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokuxhumanisa phakathi kwengalo ejikijelayo kanye nehinji yebhola (ijoyinti lebhola), ingahlukaniswa ngokuxhumeka kwebholithi noma i-rivet, ihinji yebhola ine-flange; uxhumano lokuphazamiseka oluhambisana nokucindezela, ihinji yebhola ayinayo i-flange; ihlanganisiwe, ingalo ejikijelayo kanye nehinji yebhola Konke kukodwa. Ngesakhiwo sensimbi eyodwa kanye nesakhiwo sensimbi esihlanganisiwe esineshidi eliningi, izinhlobo ezimbili zangaphambili zokuxhumanisa zisetshenziswa kabanzi; uhlobo lokugcina lokuxhumanisa njengokwakha insimbi, ukwakha i-aluminium kanye nensimbi ephonswe lusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Ihinji yebhola idinga ukuhlangabezana nokumelana nokuguguleka ngaphansi kwesimo somthwalo, ngenxa ye-engeli yokusebenza enkulu kune-bushing, isidingo sempilo esiphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ihinji yebhola iyadingeka ukuthi yakhelwe njengesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe, okuhlanganisa ukuthambisa okuhle kohlelo lokuthambisa olujikijelayo nolungangeni uthuli nolungangeni manzi.
Umfanekiso 3 Ingalo yokujika eyenziwe nge-aluminium
Umthelela womklamo wengalo yokujika ekhwalithini nasentengo
1. Isici sekhwalithi: uma ilula kakhulu kungcono
Imvamisa yemvelo yomzimba (eyaziwa nangokuthi imvamisa yokudlidliza yamahhala yesistimu yokudlidliza) enqunywa ukuqina kokumiswa kanye nesisindo esisekelwa yintwasahlobo yokumiswa (i-sprung mass) ingenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwesistimu yokumiswa ezithinta induduzo yokugibela imoto. Imvamisa yokudlidliza eqondile esetshenziswa ngumzimba womuntu imvamisa yomzimba ohamba phezulu naphansi ngesikhathi sokuhamba, okungaba ngu-1-1.6Hz. Imvamisa yemvelo yomzimba kufanele isondele ngangokunokwenzeka kulolu hlu lwemvamisa. Lapho ukuqina kwesistimu yokumiswa kuqhubeka njalo, lapho i-spreer mass incane, ukuguquguquka okuqondile kokumiswa kuyancipha, futhi imvamisa yemvelo iphakeme.
Uma umthwalo oqonde phezulu ungaguquguquki, ukuqina kokumiswa kuba kuncane, imvamisa yemvelo yemoto iba ncane, futhi isikhala esidingekayo ukuze isondo ligxume phezulu naphansi siba sikhulu.
Uma izimo zomgwaqo kanye nesivinini semoto kufana, lapho isisindo esingafakwanga sincane, umthwalo womthelela ohlelweni lokumiswa uba mncane. Isisindo esingafakwanga sihlanganisa isisindo samasondo, isisindo se-universal joint kanye nesisindo sengalo eqondisayo, njll.
Ngokuvamile, ingalo yokujikisa ye-aluminium inobunzima obulula kakhulu kanti ingalo yokujikisa yensimbi ecijile inobunzima obukhulu kakhulu. Ezinye ziphakathi nendawo.
Njengoba isisindo seqoqo lezingalo ezijikijelayo singaphansi kakhulu kuka-10kg, uma siqhathaniswa nemoto enesisindo esingaphezu kuka-1000kg, isisindo sengalo ejikijelayo asinawo umthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.
2. Intengo isici: kuncike ohlelweni lokuklama
Uma izidingo eziningi, izindleko ziphakeme. Ngokwesisekelo sokuthi amandla esakhiwo kanye nokuqina kwengalo ejikayo kuhlangabezana nezidingo, izidingo zokubekezelela ukukhiqiza, ubunzima benqubo yokukhiqiza, uhlobo lwezinto kanye nokutholakala, kanye nezidingo zokugqwala kobuso konke kuthinta ngqo intengo. Isibonelo, izici zokulwa nokugqwala: ukugqoka okune-electro-galvanized, ngokusebenzisa ukudlula kobuso kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kungafinyelela cishe amahora angu-144; ukuvikelwa kobuso kuhlukaniswe ngopende we-cathodic electrophoretic, ongafinyelela ukumelana nokugqwala kwamahora angu-240 ngokulungiswa kobukhulu bokumboza kanye nezindlela zokwelapha; i-zinc-iron Noma i-zinc-nickel coating, engahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlolwa kokulwa nokugqwala kwamahora angaphezu kwama-500. Njengoba izidingo zokuhlolwa kokugqwala zanda, nezindleko zengxenye ziyanda.
Izindleko zingancishiswa ngokuqhathanisa ukwakheka kanye nezinhlelo zesakhiwo sengalo yokujika.
Njengoba sonke sazi, amalungiselelo ahlukene e-hard point anikeza ukusebenza okuhlukile kokushayela. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi amalungiselelo afanayo e-hard point kanye nemiklamo ehlukene ye-connection point kunganikeza izindleko ezihlukene.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuxhumanisa phakathi kwezingxenye zesakhiwo kanye namajoyinti ebhola: ukuxhumana ngezingxenye ezijwayelekile (amabholithi, amantongomane noma ama-rivets), ukuxhumana kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokulingana kokuphazamiseka. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo sokuxhumanisa esijwayelekile, isakhiwo sokuxhumanisa sokulingana kokuphazamiseka sinciphisa izinhlobo zezingxenye, njengebholithi, amantongomane, ama-rivets nezinye izingxenye. Isakhiwo sokuxhumanisa esisodwa esihlanganisiwe kunesakhiwo sokuxhumanisa sokulingana kokuphazamiseka sinciphisa inani lezingxenye zegobolondo lejoyinti lebhola.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuxhumanisa phakathi kwelungu lesakhiwo kanye nesici sokunwebeka: izakhi zokunwebeka zangaphambili nangemuva zihambisana ngokulinganayo futhi ziqonde ngqo. Izindlela ezahlukene zinquma izinqubo ezahlukene zokuhlanganisa. Isibonelo, isiqondiso sokucindezela se-bushing sisehlangothini olufanayo futhi siqonde ngqo emzimbeni wengalo ejikijelayo. Umshini wokucindezela we-double-head onesiteshi esisodwa ungasetshenziswa ukucindezela ukulingana kwe-bushings yangaphambili nangemuva ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukonga amandla abasebenzi, imishini nesikhathi; Uma isiqondiso sokufaka singahambisani (siqondile), umshini wokucindezela we-double-head onesiteshi esisodwa ungasetshenziswa ukucindezela nokufaka i-bushing ngokulandelana, ukonga amandla abasebenzi kanye nemishini; lapho i-bushing iklanyelwe ukucindezelwa ngaphakathi, kudingeka iziteshi ezimbili kanye nokucindezela okubili, ukucindezela ukulingana kwe-bushing ngokulandelana.
