Isakhiwo somnyango.
Umnyango wemoto uqukethe ipuleti lomnyango, ipuleti langaphakathi lomnyango, uhlaka lwefasitela lomnyango, umhlahlandlela wengilazi yomnyango, ihinji yomnyango, ukhiye womnyango kanye nezesekeli zomnyango nefasitela. Ipuleti langaphakathi lifakwe iziphakamisi zengilazi, izikhiye zomnyango nezinye izesekeli, ukuze lihlangane liqine, ipuleti langaphakathi kufanele liqiniswe. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha, induku yokulwa nokushayisana ngokuvamile ifakwa ngaphakathi kwepuleti langaphandle. Ipuleti langaphakathi nepuleti langaphandle kuhlanganiswa ngokuphambanisa, ukubopha, ukushisela umthungo, njll., ngenxa yomthamo ohlukile wokuthwala, ipuleti langaphandle liyadingeka ukuthi libe nesisindo esincane futhi ipuleti langaphakathi liqinile ngokuqina futhi lingamelana namandla amakhulu okushaywa.
isingeniso
Emotweni, ikhwalithi yomnyango ihlobene ngqo nenduduzo nokuphepha kwemoto. Uma ikhwalithi yomnyango imbi, ukwenziwa kwayo kuqinile, futhi impahla yayo incane, izokwandisa umsindo nokudlidliza emotweni, futhi yenze abagibeli bazizwe bengakhululekile futhi bengaphephile. Ngakho-ke, enkambisweni yokuthenga imoto, kufanele kunakwe ngokukhethekile ikhwalithi yokwenziwa komnyango.
hlunga
Umnyango ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo ngokuya ngemodi yawo yokuvula:
Umnyango we-Cis: Ngisho noma imoto isebenza, ingavalwa yingcindezi yokugeleza komoya, okuphephile, futhi kulula ngomshayeli ukubheka emuva lapho ebuyela emuva, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi.
Umnyango ovulekile ngemuva: uma imoto ishayela, uma ingavaliwe kahle, ingase ishayelwe umoya ozayo, ngakho-ke ayisetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuphela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulula kokugibela nokwehla ebhasini futhi ifaneleke esimweni sokwamukela abantu.
Umnyango ohambayo ovundlile: inzuzo yawo ukuthi usengavulwa ngokugcwele uma ibanga phakathi kodonga oluseceleni lomzimba kanye nesithiyo lincane.
Isicabha esingaphezulu: Sisetshenziswa kabanzi njengomnyango wangemuva wezimoto namabhasi alula, kodwa futhi sisetshenziswa ezimotweni eziphansi.
Umnyango ogoqekayo: Usetshenziswa kabanzi emabhasini amakhulu naphakathi.
Isicabha semoto ngokuvamile sakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu: umzimba womnyango, izesekeli zomnyango kanye nepuleti lesembozo sangaphakathi.
Umzimba womnyango uqukethe ipuleti langaphakathi lomnyango, imoto engaphandle kwepuleti lomnyango, uhlaka lwefasitela lomnyango, umshayo wokuqinisa umnyango kanye nepuleti lokuqinisa umnyango.
Izesekeli zeminyango zifaka phakathi amahinji eminyango, izivalo zokuvula iminyango, izindlela zokukhiya iminyango kanye nezibambo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ingilazi yeminyango, iziphakamisi zengilazi kanye nezivalo.
Ipuleti lesembozo sangaphakathi liqukethe ipuleti lokulungisa, ipuleti eliyinhloko, isikhumba sangaphakathi kanye ne-handrail yangaphakathi.
Iminyango ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza:
Umnyango ohlanganisiwe
Amapuleti angaphakathi nangaphandle enziwe ngepuleti lensimbi lonke ngemva kokunyathelisa. Izindleko zokuqala zokutshalwa kwezimali zesikhunta zale ndlela yokukhiqiza zinkulu kakhulu, kodwa izinto ezifanele zokufaka igeyiji zingancishiswa ngokufanele, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto liphansi.
Umnyango ohlukanisiwe
Ukuhlanganiswa kohlaka lomnyango kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwepuleti langaphakathi nelangaphandle lomnyango kuyashintshwa, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kohlaka lomnyango kungakhiqizwa ngokugoqa, okunezindleko eziphansi, umkhiqizo ophezulu, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zesikhunta ezihambisanayo, kodwa izindleko zokuhlolwa kamuva ziphakeme, futhi ukuthembeka kwenqubo kubi.
Umehluko phakathi komnyango ohlanganisiwe nomnyango ohlukanisiwe ngezindleko eziphelele awumkhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokwezidingo ezifanele zomodeli ukuze kunqunywe isimo sesakhiwo esifanele. Ngenxa yezidingo eziphezulu zamanje zomodeli wezimoto kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, isakhiwo sonke somnyango sivame ukuhlukaniswa.
Ukuhlolwa kweminyango yemoto entsha
Ukuhlolwa komnyango wemoto entsha, kumele siqale sibheke ukuthi umngcele womnyango wemoto entsha unezimbobo ezincane, bese sihlola ukuthi i-A pillar, B pillar, C pillar yemoto entsha inenkinga yini, kodwa futhi sihlole ukuthi i-prism yohlaka lwemoto entsha inokugqwala yini, nansi indawo elula kakhulu yokwenza iphutha, ngoba abantu abaningi abavula umnyango, bazoshaya izithiyo ezizungeze umzimba ngengozi, ngakho-ke kuzobangela upende we-prism rust. Ukuhlolwa komnyango wemoto entsha, ekuhlolweni kwemoto entsha ukunaka kakhulu ukubheka i-prism yokuhlolwa komnyango wemoto entsha nakuba kungabalulekile njengokuhlolwa kokudluliselwa kwemoto, kodwa akunakunganakwa, phela, uma umnyango wemoto entsha ungavaliwe kahle, okuholela ekuvuza kwamanzi lapho lina, noma uma kube yimoto yengozi, awucindezelekile kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa lapho umnyango wemoto entsha uvaliwe: Bheka ukuthi igebe elisezinhlangothini zombili zomnyango wemoto entsha libushelelezi, libushelelezi, lilingana ngobukhulu, nokuthi ukulingana okuseduze kusezingeni elifanayo, ngoba uma umnyango ufakwe ngezinkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi umnyango uphakeme noma uphansi kunolunye uhlangothi lomnyango. Ngaphezu kokubheka ngokucophelela, lesi sinyathelo sidinga nokuthintwa ngesandla. Okwesibili, ukuhlolwa lapho umnyango wemoto entsha uvulwa: Bheka ukuthi umucu werabha emnyango wemoto entsha kanye nensika engu-A kanye nensika engu-B yemoto entsha kuyinto evamile, ngoba uma umucu werabha ufakwe ngendlela engafanele, ukuvalwa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokukhishwa komnyango kuzobangela ukuguquka komucu werabha ezinhlangothini zombili. Ngale ndlela, ukuqina kwemoto entsha ngeke kube kuhle kakhulu, futhi kungabangela ukuthi amanzi athelwe emotweni entsha uma lina. Okwesithathu, ukuhlolwa komnyango wemoto entsha kufanele futhi kuhlole ngokucophelela ukuthi izingxenye ezingaphakathi kwensika engu-A yemoto entsha zipendwe ngokujwayelekile nokuthi izikulufo ziqinile yini. Akuzona izikulufo lapha kuphela, empeleni, izikulufo ezikuyo yonke indawo yemoto entsha kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela. 4. Shintsha umnyango ngamunye izikhathi eziningana, uzizwe ukuthi inqubo yokushintsha ibushelelezi futhi ingokwemvelo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona umsindo ongajwayelekile. Icebiso Elinobungane: Lapho kuhlolwa umnyango omusha wemoto, kumelwe sibuyele emuva naphambili ngokuphindaphindiwe, sibheke ngezindlela eziningi, sibhekane ngezandla, ukuze sithole inkinga. Ukuhlolwa kwemoto entsha akumelwe kwesabe izinkinga, futhi ukuhlolwa komnyango omusha wemoto akubonakali nje kuphela emnyango, kodwa iminyango emine yemoto emisha yenziwe ngokungathi sína, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ngezinga elikhulu.
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