Iyini injini yemoto
Injini yemoto iyisizinda samandla semoto futhi inesibopho esikhulu sokukhiqiza amandla ngokushisa uphethiloli (njengophethiloli noma udizili) ukuze imoto iqhubekele phambili. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zenjini zifaka phakathi isilinda, ivalvu, ikhanda lesilinda, i-camshaft, i-piston, induku yokuxhuma i-piston, i-crankshaft, i-flywheel, njll. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukunikeza amandla emotweni.
Umlando wenjini ungalandelelwa emuva ku-1680, owasungulwa usosayensi waseBrithani, ngemva kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, injini yesimanje isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yemoto. Ukusebenza kwenjini kuthinta ngqo amandla, umnotho, ukuzinza kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemoto, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe bayo bokuklama kanye nokukhiqiza kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini futhi kwandiswe isikhathi sokusebenza, kudingeka ukulungiswa nokugcinwa njalo, okuhlanganisa ukushintsha uwoyela, ukuhlanza uhlelo lukaphethiloli, kanye nokugcina i-crankcase inomoya omuhle.
Indima eyinhloko yenjini yemoto ukuhlinzeka ngamandla emotweni, okunquma amandla, umnotho, ukuzinza kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemoto . Injini iqhuba imoto ngokuguqula amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli abe amandla omshini. Izinhlobo zezinjini ezivamile zifaka phakathi izinjini zikadizili, izinjini zikaphethiloli, izinjini zezimoto zikagesi, kanye nezinjini ezixubile.
Izinjini zisebenza ngokukhiqiza amandla ngenqubo yokushisa kumasilinda. Isilinda sifaka uphethiloli nomoya ngemigodi yokungenisa kanye nokulethwa kwamafutha, futhi ngemva kokuxuba, siyaqhuma futhi sishise ngaphansi kokushiswa kwepulaki yenhlansi, sisunduze i-piston ukuthi ihambe, ngaleyo ndlela sikhiqize amandla. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemiklamo nezinhlobo zezinjini, ezingahlukaniswa ngokwesistimu yokungenisa, indlela yokunyakaza kwe-piston, inani lamasilinda, kanye nendlela yokupholisa.
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo iyonke. Isibonelo, injini kaphethiloli inesivinini esikhulu, umsindo ophansi kanye nokuqala okulula, kuyilapho injini kadizili inesivinini esiphezulu sokushisa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha uhlobo lwenjini olufanele kanye nokwenza ngcono umklamo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwayo iyonke imoto.
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