Iyini injini yemoto
Injini yemoto iwumgogodla wamandla emoto futhi inesibopho esikhulu sokukhiqiza amandla ngokushisa uphethiloli (njengophethiloli noma udizili) ukuze iqhubele imoto phambili. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zenjini zifaka isilinda, i-valve, isilinda, i-camshaft, i-piston, i-piston connecting rod, i-crankshaft, i-flywheel, njll. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zinikeze amandla emoto. .
Umlando wenjini ungalandelwa emuva ku-1680, eyasungulwa usosayensi waseBrithani, ngemva kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa, injini yesimanje isibe yinto esemqoka yemoto. Ukusebenza kwenjini kuthinta ngqo amandla, umnotho, ukuzinza nokuvikelwa kwemvelo yemoto, ngakho-ke ukuklama kwayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini futhi kunwetshwe ukuphila kwesevisi, ukugcinwa nokugcinwa njalo kudingekile, okuhlanganisa ukushintsha uwoyela, ukuhlanza uhlelo lukaphethiloli, nokugcina i-crankcase ingenisa umoya kahle.
Indima enkulu yenjini yemoto ukuhlinzeka ngamandla emoto, okunquma amandla, umnotho, ukuzinza nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemoto. Injini iqhuba imoto ngokuguqula amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli abe amandla emishini. Izinhlobo zezinjini ezijwayelekile zifaka izinjini zikadizili, izinjini zikaphethiloli, izinjini zezimoto zikagesi, nezinjini ezihlanganisiwe. .
Izinjini zisebenza ngokukhiqiza amandla ngenqubo yokuvutha kumasilinda. Isilinda sijova uphethiloli nomoya ngezimbobo zokungenisa nokuletha uwoyela, futhi ngemva kokuxubana, ziyaqhuma futhi zishise ngaphansi komlilo we-spark plug, iphushe ipiston ukuba ihambe, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize amandla. Kunemiklamo eminingi ehlukene nezinhlobo zezinjini, ezingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngesistimu yokuthatha, indlela yokunyakaza kwepiston, inani lamasilinda, kanye nemodi yokupholisa.
Ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwenjini kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo kukonke. Isibonelo, injini kaphethiloli inejubane elikhulu, umsindo ophansi kanye nokuqala okulula, kuyilapho injini yedizili inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokushisa nokusebenza okuhle kwezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwenjini nokwenza kahle umklamo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwemoto iyonke.
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