Iyini injini yemoto
Injini yemoto ingumongo wamandla wemoto futhi inesibopho sokukhiqiza amandla ngokushisa uphethiloli (njengophethiloli noma udizili) ukushayela imoto phambili. Izingxenye eziphambili zenjini zifaka i-cylinder, i-valve, ikhanda lesilinda, i-camsher, i-piston, i-piston exhuma induku, njll, lezi zingxenye zisebenza ngokubambisana ukuhlinzeka amandla emotweni.
Umlando wenjini ungalandelelwa emuva ku-1680, asungulwe usosayensi waseBrithani, ngemuva kokuthuthuka nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, injini yesimanje sesiphenduke isamba esiyinhloko semoto. Ukusebenza kwenjini kuthinta ngqo amandla, ezomnotho, ukuqina kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemoto, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwenjini futhi unwebe impilo yenkonzo, ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kanye nokulungiswa kuyadingeka, kufaka phakathi ukuguqula uwoyela, ukuhlanza uhlelo lwamafutha, nokugcina i-crankcase kahle yangena umoya.
Iqhaza eliphambili lenjini yemoto ukuhlinzeka amandla ngemoto, enquma amandla, ezomnotho, ukuqina kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwemoto. Injini iqhuba imoto ngokuguqula amandla wamakhemikhali wamafutha abe amandla wemishini. Izinhlobo zezinjini ezijwayelekile zifaka izinjini zedizili, izinjini zikaphethiloli, ama-motor kagesi, nezinjini ezi-hybrid.
Izinjini zisebenza ngokukhiqiza amandla ngenqubo yokuvutha kumasilinda. Isilinda sifaka uphethiloli nomoya ngokudla kanye nezimbobo zokulethwa kawoyela, nangemva kokuxuba, ziqhume futhi zishise ngaphansi kokulahla i-plug ye-spark, ukucindezela ipiston ukuhambisa, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize amandla. Kunemiklamo eminingi ehlukene nezinhlobo zezinjini, ezingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngohlelo lokuthathwa, imodi yokuhamba kwe-piston, inani lama-cylinders, nemodi yokupholisa.
Ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenjini kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphelele. Isibonelo, injini kaphethiloli inesivinini esiphezulu, umsindo ophansi nokuqala okulula, ngenkathi injini yedizili inokusebenza okuphezulu okushisayo nokusebenza kahle komnotho. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha uhlobo lwenjini efanele nokwenza kahle ukwakheka kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwemoto ephelele.
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