Iyini inzwa ye-crankshaft yezimoto?
Inzwa ye-crankshaft (eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft) iyisici esiyinhloko ohlelweni lokulawula lwe-elekthronikhi lwenjini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola indawo yokujikeleza (i-angle) ye-crankshaft kanye nesivinini senjini, bese idlulisela lolu lwazi ngesikhathi sangempela kuyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU) ukuze ilawule ngokunembile isikhathi sokusha, isikhathi sokujova uphethiloli, kanye nokulandelana kokusha.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko
Nquma i-engeli ye-crankshaft: Nquma indawo eqondile ye-piston kusilinda (njengesikhungo esiphezulu esifile).
Qapha isivinini senjini: Bala i-RPM (ukuguquguquka ngomzuzu) ngokuvama kokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft.
Bambisana nenzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft: Ndawonye, thola isimo sokusebenza sesilinda ngasinye (njengokushaywa kokucindezela), bese ufinyelela ukujova nokushisa okulandelanayo.
Izinhlobo ezivamile kanye nezimiso zokusebenza
Uhlobo lokungeniswa kukagesi olusebenzisa i-magnetic (uhlobo lwe-magnetic pulse)
Yakhiwe ngemagnethi ehlala njalo, ikhoyili yokungenisa, kanye nediski yesiginali enamazinyo/umphetho.
Uma i-crankshaft ijikeleza, idiski yesiginali ishintsha insimu kazibuthe, ikhiqize isignali ye-voltage eshintshanayo kukhoyili.
Isakhiwo silula futhi sithembekile, sisetshenziswa kabanzi kumamodeli amadala nakwezinye izimoto zesimanje.
Uhlobo lomphumela we-Hall
Isebenzisa isici se-Hall ukuzwa izinguquko ensimini yamagnetic futhi ikhipha isignali ye-pulse yamagagasi ayisikwele.
Idinga ugesi wangaphandle we-5V futhi inekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kanye nokunemba okuphezulu.
Itholakala kakhulu kumabhrendi afana neGeneral Motors (GM), Chrysler, njll.
Uhlobo lwe-Photoelectric
Yakhiwe nge-LED, i-photodiode, kanye nediski yesiginali enezimbobo zokukhanya.
Ukushintshana kokukhanya/isithunzi kukhiqiza izimpawu zokushaya kwenhliziyo, ezazisetshenziswa ku-Nissan nakwamanye amamodeli.
Ngenxa yokuthi isengozini yokungenwa uwoyela nothuli, isiqediwe kakhulu.
Indawo yokufaka
Ingaphambili le-crankshaft (eduze kwe-pulley yebhande)
Ingxenye yangemuva ye-crankshaft (eduze kwe-flywheel noma i-transmission housing)
Phakathi kwe-crankshaft
Kumsabalalisi (kumamodeli amadala)
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokwehluleka
Injini ayikwazi ukuqala
Ukungazinzi okungasebenzi, ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka
Isibani sephutha lenjini sivuliwe
Amakhodi amaphutha agciniwe (njenge-P0335, P0336, njll.)
Indlela yokuthola (isibonelo: uhlobo lwe-magnetic-electric)
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana: Ukumelana kwekhoyili kuvame ukuba ngu-125–250Ω (kuye ngokuthi imodeli injani).
Ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage yesiginali: Uma uqala injini, sebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala i-terminal yokukhipha, okufanele ibe ne-voltage ye-AC pulse engu-0.2–2V.
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhala: Isikhala esiphakathi kwediski yesiginali nekhanda likagesi lenzwa ngokuvamile singu-0.2–0.4mm.
Uma inzwa yonakele, i-ECU ngeke ikwazi ukuthola ulwazi olubalulekile lwesikhathi, okuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokujova uphethiloli kanye nohlelo lokushisa, futhi imoto ngeke ikwazi ukusebenza.
Inzwa ye-crankshaft (eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft) iyisici esiyinhloko ohlelweni lokulawula lwe-elekthronikhi lwenjini. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthola i-engeli ye-crankshaft, isivinini senjini, kanye nendawo ephakathi nendawo ye-piston, bese idlulisela lolu lwazi ngesimo sesiginali kagesi kuyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU) ukuze kulawulwe ngokunembile isikhathi sokushiswa kanye nesikhathi sokujova uphethiloli.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko
Nquma indawo ye-crankshaft: Thola i-engeli ye-crankshaft yamanje.
Kala isivinini senjini: Bala isivinini (RPM) ngenani lama-pulse ngesikhathi ngasinye.
Khomba isikhungo esifile phezulu kwepiston: Nikeza inkomba yokushisa kanye nokufakwa kukaphethiloli kwesilinda ngasinye.
Bambisana nenzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft: Ndawonye, nqumani ukuthi iyiphi isilinda esekupheleni kwe-compression stroke, bese nifinyelela ukuthungela okulandelanayo kanye nokufakwa kukaphethiloli.
Isimiso sokusebenza (ngokuhlukaniswa kohlobo)
Inzwa ye-crankshaft inezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, futhi izimiso zokusebenza kwazo yilezi ezilandelayo:
Uhlobo lokungeniswa kukagesi olusebenzisa i-magnetic (uhlobo lwe-magnetic pulse)
Yakhiwe ngemagnethi ehlala njalo, ikhoyili yokungenisa, kanye nediski yesiginali enamazinyo/umphetho.
Njengoba i-crankshaft ijikeleza, idiski yesignali ishintsha insimu yamagnetic, okubangela ushintsho ensimini yamagnetic, futhi ikhiqize amandla e-electromotive abangelwa ukushintshana (isignali ye-sine wave) kukhoyili.
I-ECU iguqula lesi siginali sibe ama-pulse futhi ibala ijubane nendawo.
Isibonelo: Amamodeli okuqala e-Nissan ne-Toyota asebenzisa le ndlela, futhi idiski yesiginali yayivame ukuba namazinyo angekho okuvumelanisa.
Uhlobo lomphumela weHall Isici seHall sisetshenziselwa ukuzwa izinguquko ensimini yamagnetic.
I-impeller (enezinsika nezinsika) iqhutshwa ukuthi ijikeleze nge-crankshaft. Uma isinsika sihambisana nesici se-Hall, insimu yamagnetic idlula futhi ikhiphe i-pulse ephezulu; uma isinsika siyivimba, insimu yamagnetic iyadlula futhi ikhiphe izinga eliphansi.
Okukhiphayo kuyisignali yegagasi eliyisikwele, elidinga ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle kwe-5V futhi linamandla amakhulu okulwa nokuphazamiseka.
Optical
Yakhiwe ngomthombo wokukhanya we-LED, i-photodiode, kanye nediski yesignali enembobo yokukhanya.
Uma idiski yesignali ijikeleza, imbobo yokukhanya ivumela ukukhanya ukuthi kudlule futhi kuyivimbe, okwenza i-photodiode ikhiqize i-voltage ye-pulse.
Ingakhiqiza isignali ye-engeli ye-crankshaft engu-1° enembile kakhulu, kodwa isengozini yokungcoliswa uwoyela kanye nothuli, futhi ivame ukubonakala ezakhiweni ezindala zokusabalalisa.
Ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha okuvamile
Injini ayikwazi ukuqala noma ukuqala ngobunzima
Amandla anganele, ukudlidliza, ukuma kancane
Isibani sephutha siyakhanya (njenge-P0335, i-P0336, njll., amakhodi ephutha ahlobene nezinzwa zesikhundla se-crankshaft)
Izimbangela ezivamile: izintambo ezindala, izinzwa ezingcolile, ukuvuleka okungafanele (njengokuvuleka kohlobo lwe-magnetic-electric kufanele kube ngu-0.2–0.4mm)
Indawo yokufaka
Ingaphambili le-crankshaft (eduze kwe-pulley)
Indlu ye-Flywheel noma ye-clutch
Ingaphambili le-camshaft
Ngaphakathi komsabalalisi (kumamodeli amadala)
Amamodeli amaningi ajwayelekile amanje asebenzisa izinzwa ze-magnetic-electric noma ze-Hall-type, njengoba izakhiwo zazo zithembekile futhi zivumelana nezimo. Uhlobo lwe-optical aluvamile ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini zesimanje ngenxa yokuzwela kwalo endaweni ezungezile.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, qhubeka ufunda ezinye izihloko ezikulesi siza!
Sicela usishayele ucingo uma udinga imikhiqizo enjalo.
Inkampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzibophezele ekuthengiseni i-MG&I-MAXUSizingxenye zezimoto zamukelekile ukuthenga.
