Isipholisi Samafutha Emoto kanye Nepayipi Lamafutha: Abaqaphi Abangabonakali Benjini
Esimisweni esiyinkimbinkimbi senjini yemoto, isibandisi sikawoyela kanye nepayipi likawoyela kungase kubonakale kungabalulekile, kodwa kuyizinto ezibalulekile eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenjini. Zifana "ne-thermostat" kanye "nepayipi lokujikeleza kwegazi" lenjini, zigcina isimo sokusebenza esihle kakhulu sikawoyela futhi zivikele ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesiqandisi samafutha
Umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wesithambisi samafutha ukupholisa uwoyela wokugcoba, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa likawoyela lihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile lokusebenza. Ezinjinini ezinamandla aphezulu ezinomthwalo wokushisa ophezulu, isithambisi samafutha siyilungiselelo elibalulekile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, i-viscosity yamafutha izokwehla njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, kunciphisa amandla okugcoba. Isithambisi samafutha sehlisa izinga lokushisa likawoyela, sigcina uwoyela wokugcoba eku-viscosity efanele, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise umphumela wokugcoba futhi sinciphise ukuguguleka kwezingxenye zenjini.
Ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokupholisa, ama-oyela ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezipholiswe ngomoya kanye nezipholiswe ngamanzi. Ama-oyela apholiswe ngomoya athembele emoyeni ovunguzayo ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezimoto ukuze apholise uwoyela, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinezimo ezinhle zokungenisa umoya njengezimoto zomjaho; ama-oyela apholiswe ngamanzi afaka i-oyela emshinini wamanzi okupholisa, elawula izinga lokushisa likawoyela ngokushisa kwamanzi okupholisa, futhi angamunca ukushisa kwamanzi okupholisa ngesikhathi injini iqala ukusebenza ukuze akhuphule izinga lokushisa likawoyela ngokushesha futhi alenze lifinyelele esimweni sokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isicoci samafutha singasebenza njengesishintshi sokushisa ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo kanye nomthwalo ophansi, sisebenzisa ukushisa okuvela kusicoci senjini ukufudumeza uwoyela, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Kwezinye izinjini ezinkulu, isicoci samafutha singasetshenziswa futhi ukupholisa i-piston, kunciphisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu emseleni wendandatho ephezulu ngo-20°C, okwandisa ngempumelelo isikhathi sokuphila se-piston.
Umsebenzi obalulekile wepayipi likawoyela
Ipayipi likawoyela liwumzila wokujikeleziswa kukawoyela enjinini, onesibopho sokuthutha uwoyela usuka epanini likawoyela uye ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ezidinga ukugcotshwa, bese uthumela uwoyela oshisayo emuva efrijini likawoyela ukuze uphole. Imisebenzi yawo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:
Ukuthutha uwoyela: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uwoyela ungafinyelela izingxenye ezibalulekile zenjini njenge-crankshaft, induku yokuxhuma, kanye ne-camshaft ngesikhathi, okwenza ifilimu kawoyela ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana okuqondile phakathi kwezingxenye.
Ukugcina ingcindezi kawoyela: Ukuqina kwepayipi kawoyela kuthinta ngqo ukuzinza kwengcindezi kawoyela. Ingcindezi kawoyela efanele iyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi uwoyela ungafinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcoba, kanti ingcindezi kawoyela ephansi izoholela ekugcotshweni okunganele, kuyilapho ingcindezi kawoyela ephezulu ingabangela umonakalo ezingxenyeni zokuvala.
Usizo lokushabalalisa ukushisa: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokujikelezisa uwoyela, ipayipi likawoyela lingaphinde liqhube ukushintshana kokushisa okuncane nomoya wangaphandle odongeni lwalo, okusiza ekunciphiseni izinga lokushisa likawoyela.
Amaphutha avamile kanye nemiphumela yama-oyela cooler namapayipi kawoyela
Amaphutha avamile esiqandisi samafutha
Ukuxubana kwamafutha namanzi: Ipayipi lokupholisa eliqhekekile, ukushisela okungekuhle, noma ukwehluleka ukukhipha amanzi kahle ebusika kungabangela ukuthi uwoyela nesipholile kuhlangane. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuzovela ungqimba lwamafutha oluzolile phezu kwethangi lamanzi, futhi injini ingakhipha intuthu emhlophe, okuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile.
Ukushisa kukawoyela kuyakhuphuka: Umphumela wokupholisa we-oyela cooler uyancipha, okwenza izinga lokushisa likawoyela libe phezulu kakhulu, kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwe-viscosity, ukulahlekelwa umphumela wokugcoba, kanye nokuwohloka kwe-oxidation kanye nokuwohloka, okusheshisa ukuguguleka kwenjini.
Ukuvuza kukawoyela: Ama-gasket alimele, amagobolondo aqhekekile, njll., kungabangela ukuvuza kukawoyela, okuholela ekunganeleni kukawoyela enjinini kanye nokuguguleka okukhulu kwezingxenye.
Igesi kanye namadiphozithi omgodi: Ukuqongelela igesi emgodini kuthinta umphumela wokupholisa, kuyilapho amadiphozithi ekhulisa ukumelana nokugeleza kanye nokumelana nokushisa, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa.
Ukuxilongwa kwamaphutha kanye nezindlela zokuphendula amapayipi kawoyela
Ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ukungcola ku-oyili kuzohlala epayipini likawoyela, okubangela ukuvaleka, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwengcindezi kawoyela kanye nokugcotshwa okubi.： Ukuguga, ukugqwala, noma umthelela ovela emandleni angaphandle kungabangela ukuthi ipayipi likawoyela liqhekeke futhi livuze, okubangela ukulahleka kukawoyela kanye nokugcotshwa okungasebenzi kahle kwenjini.
Amalunga axegayo: Amalunga epayipi kawoyela axegayo angabangela ukuvuza kukawoyela futhi angase angenise umoya, okuthinta ukuzinza kwengcindezi kawoyela. Ukuxilongwa kwephutha
Bheka ukuthi kukhona yini ungqimba lwamafutha phezu kwamanzi okupholisa ethangini lamanzi, hlola ukuthi uwoyela wenjini uxutshwe yini, bese unquma ukuthi kukhona yini iphutha lokuxubana kwamanzi namafutha.
Sebenzisa igeyiji yokushisa uwoyela kanye negeyiji yokucindezela ukuze uqaphe ukuthi izinga lokushisa uwoyela kanye nengcindezi kujwayelekile yini. Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka, phenya ngokushesha i-oyela cooler kanye namapayipi kawoyela.
Yenza njalo ukuhlolwa kokucindezela emshinini opholisa uwoyela ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwawo kokuvala; yenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwamapayipi kawoyela ukuze uhlole imifantu, ukuvuza, njll.
Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kokuxhumanisa amanzi namafutha, uma inani lamapayipi okupholisa alimele lincane kakhulu, amapayipi alimele angavinjelwa ngamapulagi amapayipi (inani lawo lingadluli ku-10%). Ngaphandle kwalokho, amapayipi okupholisa noma i-assembly yokupholisa amafutha kudingeka ishintshwe.
Uma kukhona ukunqwabelana kwegesi ngaphakathi kwesikhala, vula isikulufu ukuze ukhulule igesi; ngenkinga yokwakheka kwesikali, kufanele kukhethwe indlela efanele yokuhlanza ukungcola ezindaweni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zamapayipi okushintshanisa ukushisa.
Uma ipayipi likawoyela livaliwe, susa ngokushesha ukungcola okusepayipini; uma ipayipi liqhekekile noma ligugile kakhulu, kufanele kushintshwe ipayipi elisha likawoyela futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuxhumana okuhlangene kuqinile.
Iziphakamiso zokunakekelwa kwansuku zonke
Ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi senkonzo yenhlangano yokupholisa uwoyela kanye nepayipi likawoyela, futhi kuncishiswe ukwenzeka kwamaphutha, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwansuku zonke:
Shintsha uwoyela wenjini njalo kanye nesihlungi samafutha ukuze ugcine uwoyela uhlanzekile futhi unciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlangano yokupholisa uwoyela kanye nepayipi lamafutha ngokungcola. Uma upaka ebusika, khipha amanzi okupholisa ngaphakathi komzimba wenjini kadizili ukuze uvimbele amapayipi okupholisa ukuthi angaqandi futhi aqhekeke.
Hlola njalo i-gasket yokuvala ye-assembly yokupholisa uwoyela kanye namajoyinti epayipi likawoyela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza.
Landela izidingo zencwadi yemiyalelo yemoto ukuze uhlanze futhi ulondoloze ukuhlanganiswa kokupholisa uwoyela njalo.
Ngamafuphi, i-assembly yokupholisa uwoyela kanye nepayipi likawoyela kuyizinto ezibalulekile ohlelweni lokugcoba injini. Ukuqonda imisebenzi yazo, amaphutha avamile, kanye nezindlela zokulungisa kungasisiza ukuthi sibone futhi sixazulule izinkinga ngesikhathi, siqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini futhi sandise impilo yenkonzo yemoto.
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