Iphampu Kawoyela Wezimoto: "Inhliziyo Yokugcoba" Yokuphathwa Kwenjini Nokwehluleka
Esimisweni esiyinkimbinkimbi senjini yemoto, ipompo kawoyela ingase ibonakale ingabalulekile, kodwa ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini, futhi ingabhekwa njenge "nhliziyo yokugcoba" yenjini. Ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile kuyisisekelo sokusebenza okuphumelelayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwezingxenye ezahlukene zenjini.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wepompo kawoyela
Umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wephampu kawoyela ukuhlinzeka ngokugcotshwa okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile ezingxenyeni ezihambayo ngaphakathi kwenjini. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, izingxenye ezifana nama-piston, ama-crankshaft, izinduku zokuxhuma, nama-camshaft zihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, zidale ukungqubuzana okukhulu. Ngaphandle kokugcotshwa okusebenzayo, ukungqubuzana okuqondile phakathi kwezingxenye zensimbi kuzoholela ekugugeni okwandisiwe ngisho namaphutha amakhulu njengokushisa ngokweqile nokubamba. Iphampu kawoyela icindezela uwoyela ovela epanini kawoyela bese iwuhambisa ezindaweni ezahlukene zokugcotshwa, yakha ifilimu kawoyela ebusweni bezingxenye, njengokubeka "i-buffer pad" ebushelelezi phakathi kwezindawo zokungqubuzana, kunciphisa kakhulu i-friction coefficient kanye nokunciphisa ukuguguleka kwezingxenye, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise impilo yenkonzo yenjini.
Ngaphezu kokugcoba, iphampu kawoyela nayo yenza imisebenzi yokupholisa, yokuhlanza, kanye nokuvala. Uwoyela ojikelezayo ungasusa ukushisa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana kwezingxenye, uvimbele ukushisa okwedlulele kwendawo yenjini futhi ukugcine kungaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elifanele lokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uwoyela ngesikhathi sokujikeleza uzothwala imfucumfucu yensimbi kanye nokungcola okubangelwa ukusebenza kwenjini, okube sekuthathwa yisihlungi samafutha ukugcina ingaphakathi lenjini lihlanzekile. Ifilimu kawoyela eyenziwe uwoyela phakathi kwepiston nodonga lwesilinda ingasiza ekuvaleni igumbi lomlilo, ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwegesi nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwamandla enjini.
Ngokombono womgomo wokusebenza, ipompo kawoyela ikhiqiza ukumunca ngokushintsha kwevolumu bese imunca uwoyela epanini likawoyela, bese iwucindezela bese iwuyisa kusihlungi sikawoyela kanye neziteshi ezahlukahlukene zokugcoba. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamapompo kawoyela zifaka uhlobo lwegiya kanye nohlobo lwe-rotor. Ipompo kawoyela yohlobo lwegiya isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinjinini eziningi ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, ukusebenza okuthembekile, kanye nokucindezela kukawoyela wepompo okuzinzile; ipompo kawoyela yohlobo lwe-rotor, enezinzuzo ezifana nomsindo ophansi, ukuguguleka okuphansi, kanye nobubanzi bokuzivumelanisa nesivinini, iyanda kancane kancane ekusetshenzisweni kwezinjini ezibeka phambili ukuthula nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokwehluleka kwephampu kawoyela
Uma ipompo kawoyela ihluleka, izothinta ngqo ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini futhi ibangele uchungechunge lwezimpawu ezingavamile. Okokuqala, amandla enjini ayancipha. Ipompo kawoyela ehlulekile ibangela ukutholakala kwamafutha okunganele, ukumelana kokungqubuzana okwandisiwe phakathi kwezingxenye, kanye nokwanda komthwalo wokusebenza kwenjini. Lapho unyathela i-accelerator, ijubane lenjini likhuphuka kancane, futhi kukhona ukuntuleka okukhulu kwamandla lapho kusheshiswa noma kukhuphuka imithambeka, noma ngisho nesenzakalo sokugxumagxuma. Okwesibili, ukuqala kunzima. Ipompo kawoyela ayikwazi ukupompa uwoyela ngokujwayelekile, futhi injini iqala ngezimo zokuthambisa ezingezinhle, ukungqubuzana okwandisiwe, okubangela isikhathi eside sokusha, futhi kudingeka imizamo eminingi ukuqala, ikakhulukazi lapho injini ibanda. Okwesithathu, umsindo wenjini ongavamile. Ukutholakala kwamafutha okunganele kubangela ukungqubuzana okomile kwezingxenye, okubangela umsindo "oqhumayo" noma umsindo "oqhumayo" wokungqubuzana kwensimbi, okuthinta kakhulu ulwazi lokushayela futhi okubonisa ukuthi izingxenye zenjini ziyalimala. Okwesine, ukucindezela kwamafutha okungajwayelekile kanye ne-alamu. Ipompo kawoyela ehlulekile izobangela ukwehla kokucindezela kwamafutha, futhi igeyiji yokucindezela kwamafutha izobonisa amanani angaphansi kwebanga elijwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lokuqapha umfutho kawoyela wemoto luzovula isibani sephutha ukuthi sikhanyise, luxwayise umshayeli ukuthi ahlole isikhathi. Okwesihlanu, ukunyakazisa injini kanye nentuthu emnyama evela epayipini lokukhipha umoya. Ukungqubuzana okwandisiwe phakathi kwezingxenye kuphazamisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwenjini, okubangela ukunyakazisa lapho ushayela ungasebenzi noma ngesikhathi sokushayela; ukutholakala kawoyela okunganele nakho kuphazamisa inqubo yokushiswa kukaphethiloli, okuholela ekushisweni kukaphethiloli okungaphelele, futhi uphethiloli ongashisiwe uyakhishwa, okubangela umusi omnyama ovela epayipini lokukhipha umoya.
Izimbangela nezixazululo zokwehluleka kwephampu kawoyela
Izimbangela zokwehluleka kwepompo yamafutha zifaka phakathi ukuguguleka, ukuvaleka, ukuhlanganiswa okungafanele, ikhwalithi kawoyela ephansi, kanye nezinkinga ngezingxenye zokushayela. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kuzobangela ukuguguleka kwamagiya angaphakathi, imiphini, njll. epompo yamafutha, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle; ukungcola kumafutha kungavimba isihlungi noma iziteshi zamafutha, kuvimbele ukujikeleza kukawoyela; ukuhlanganiswa okungafanele ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kuzokwenza ipompo yamafutha yehluleke ukusebenza kahle; Ukusebenzisa uwoyela wenjini osezingeni eliphansi kuzokwandisa umthwalo womsebenzi wepompo yamafutha, kusheshise umonakalo wayo; amaketanga noma amabhande akhululekile noma aphukile aqhuba ipompo yamafutha nakho kuzothinta ukudluliselwa kwamandla.
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zokwehluleka kwephampu kawoyela, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ngokushesha. Okokuqala, khetha iphampu kawoyela ethembekile yokuyishintsha futhi uqinisekise ukufakwa okufanele. Ngesikhathi sokushintsha iphampu kawoyela, hlanza lonke isekethe kawoyela, ususe ukungcola okusele, hlola uchungechunge lokushayela noma ibhande, isihlungi sikawoyela nezinye izingxenye ezihlobene ukuqinisekisa isimo sazo esihle. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwansuku zonke, sebenzisa uwoyela wenjini osezingeni eliphezulu ohlangabezana nezidingo zemoto, shintsha uwoyela nesihlungi njalo, naka isimo sesibani senkomba yokucindezela kawoyela, qapha ngokungaqondile isimo sokusebenza kwephampu kawoyela, futhi uhlole amapharamitha abalulekile njengokucaca komzimba wephampu kanye nezinga le-gear meshing ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kobungcweti ukuvimbela izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.
Iphampu kawoyela iyisici esibalulekile senjini, futhi umsebenzi wayo awukwazi ukushintshwa. Ukuqonda imisebenzi yayo, izimpawu zamaphutha kanye nezindlela zokuphendula kungasiza abanikazi bezimoto ukuthola izinkinga ngesikhathi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwemoto.
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