Indima eyinhloko yokuhlanganiswa kwepiston
Ohlelweni lokusebenza lwenjini yezimoto, "unxantathu wensimbi" owakhiwe ngama-piston, amasongo e-piston, kanye nezikhonkwane ze-piston uyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokudlulisa amandla.
I-piston ingabhekwa njenge-"power converter" yenjini. Imelana nokucindezela okukhulu okuvela kumagesi okushisa ku-cylinder futhi idlulisa amandla ngephini ye-piston iye entongeni yokuxhuma, ekugcineni iqhube i-crankshaft ukuthi ijikeleze futhi iguqule amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli abe amandla omshini wokuhamba kwemoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye ephezulu ye-piston kanye nekhanda lesilinda, udonga lwesilinda ndawonye kwakha igumbi lokushisa, okunikeza isikhala sokushiswa kahle kukaphethiloli futhi kuvumela i-piston ukuthi iqedele imivimbo emithathu yokusiza yokungenisa, ukucindezela, kanye nokukhipha ngaphansi kokushayela kwenduku yokuxhuma, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujikelezayo kwenjini.
Indandatho yepiston "ingumqaphi wemisebenzi eminingi" wenjini, ihlukaniswe ngamasongo omoya namasongo kawoyela. Indandatho yomoya inesibopho sokuvala igumbi lokusha kanye ne-crankcase, ivimbele ukuvuza kwegesi lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, futhi idlulise u-70%-80% wokushisa kusuka phezulu kwepiston kuya odongeni lwesilinda, olube seluhlakazwa uhlelo lokupholisa ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo wepiston ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile. Indandatho kawoyela ifana "nomphathi wokugcoba", ikhipha uwoyela owengeziwe odongeni lwesilinda ukuze ivimbele ukungena ekamelweni lokusha futhi ibangele "ukusha kwamafutha", futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yakhe ifilimu kawoyela elinganayo odongeni lwesilinda ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana nokuguguleka phakathi kwepiston nodonga lwesilinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indandatho yepiston inganikeza ukwesekwa kwepiston ukuze igweme ukushayisana ngqo nodonga lwesilinda futhi inciphise umsindo ogijimayo kanye nokudlidliza.
Iphini lepiston "liyibhuloho lamandla" elixhumanisa iphiston kanye nenduku yokuxhuma, elidlulisela kahle ingcindezi yegesi ethwalwa yipiston entongeni yokuxhuma ukuze kufezwe ukuguqulwa kusuka ekunyakazeni kwepiston okuphindaphindayo kuye ekunyakazeni kwenduku yokuxhuma. Ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okufanayo, iningi lisebenzisa ukufakwa okuntantayo okugcwele, okuvumela iphini lepiston ukuthi lijikeleze kancane ngaphakathi kwesihlalo sephini lepiston kanye ne-head bushing encane yenduku yokuxhuma, okwenza ukuguguleka kufane kakhulu; amanye amamodeli asebenzisa ukufakwa okuntantayo okuyingxenye, alungisa iphini lepiston kanye nekhanda elincane lenduku yokuxhuma ngamabhawodi, okuholela esakhiweni esincane kakhulu.
Amaphutha avamile kanye nokubonakaliswa kwawo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwepiston kusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, umfutho ophezulu, kanye nokungqubuzana okuphezulu isikhathi eside, futhi kuthambekele ekuphazamisweni okuhlukahlukene, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwenjini.
Indandatho yepiston iyisakhi esinezinga eliphezulu lokwehluleka, futhi ukuguguleka kuyinkinga evame kakhulu. Ukungqubuzana kwesikhathi eside kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kuzobangela ukuthi igebe phakathi kwendandatho yepiston nodonga lwesilinda lande, kunciphisa ukusebenza kokuvala, okuholela ekunganeleni kwamandla enjini, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwenyukayo, ngisho nesenzakalo "sokushisa uwoyela" lapho ipayipi lokukhipha umoya likhipha khona intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma indandatho yepiston ibambeke ngenxa yokufakwa kwekhabhoni noma ilahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo, izophinde ibangele ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi yesilinda, okuholela ekunyakazeni okungasebenzi, ukucindezela kwe-crankcase okwandisiwe, kanye nezinye izinkinga. Indandatho yepiston ephukile imbi nakakhulu, lapho ingxenye yendandatho ephukile ingase iklwebhe udonga lwesilinda, okubangela ukubamba kwesilinda futhi kuvimbele injini ukuthi isebenze.
Ukwehluleka kwephini yepiston kubonakala kakhulu njengomsindo nokuguguleka okungajwayelekile. Lapho iphini yepiston kanye nekhanda elincane lenduku yokuxhuma noma imbobo yesihlalo sephini yepiston kuguguleke kakhulu futhi kukhona isikhala, injini izokhipha umsindo ocacile nonesigqi lapho ingasebenzi, futhi umsindo uyaqina uma usheshisa. Uma ukuthambisa kukubi, iphini yepiston nayo izoguguleka, okuholela ekuthinteni okubi phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlangana kanye nomsindo ongajwayelekile ophithizelayo; kakhulu, iphini yepiston ingakhathala futhi iphuke, ibangele umonakalo wepiston, ize ibhoboze ibhloko lesilinda.
Amaphutha episton ngokwawo ahlanganisa ukushisa okuphezulu, ukuguguleka kwesiketi, kanye nokubamba kwesilinda. Ingaphezulu lepiston, ngaphansi komthelela wegesi yokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu isikhathi eside, livame ukuba nezimbobo noma imifantu, okuthinta ukusebenza kokuvala kwegumbi lokusha, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla enjini. Ukuguguleka kwesiketi kuzokwandisa igebe phakathi kwepiston nodonga lwesilinda, kubhubhise ukuzinza kwefilimu kawoyela, futhi kukhulise ukuguguleka kanye nokuvuza kwegesi. Ukubamba kwesilinda kuyisimo esibi kakhulu sokwehluleka kwepiston kanye ne-liner yesilinda ukubambisana, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuhlanzeka kwesilinda okungenangqondo, ukwehluleka kohlelo lokupholisa, noma ukunganele kwamafutha okugcoba, okuholela ekuklwebhekeni kwesilinda, ukwehluleka kokushabalaliswa kokushisa kwenjini, ngisho nokuqondile.
Amasu okuxilonga amaphutha kanye nokuphendula
Uma ubhekene namaphutha okuhlanganiswa kwepiston, ukuxilongwa kanye nokuphathwa ngesikhathi esifanele kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi injini ihlala isikhathi eside.
Uma indandatho yepiston ihluleka, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi nge-endoscope kungasetshenziswa ukubona amadiphozithi ekhabhoni phezulu kwepiston kanye nokuhlolwa komfutho wendandatho, noma we-cylinder. Uma ingcindezi yesilinda ijwayelekile kodwa ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kukhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvalwa kwendandatho yepiston kuhlulekile. Uma amadiphozithi ekhabhoni amancane abangela ukunamathela okuncane, kungenziwa imizamo yokwengeza i-ejenti yokukhulula indandatho yepiston. Uma indandatho yepiston igugile noma iphukile kakhulu, amaringi episton adinga ukushintshwa. Ezimweni ezidingekayo, izimo zokuguguleka kwepiston kanye ne-cylinder liner nazo kufanele zihlolwe ngasikhathi sinye.
Umsindo ongajwayelekile ovela kuphini le-piston ungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kokucima umlilo: uma umsindo uncipha noma unyamalala ngemva kokunqanyulwa kokusha, uvame ukubangelwa yiphini le-piston eliphukile; uma umsindo uba yisiphithiphithi esikhulu, kungase kube ngenxa yokuvuleka okukhulu. Lapho ubhekene nawo, iphini le-piston eligugile lidinga ukushintshwa, futhi izimo zokuguguleka kwe-linking rod bearing kanye ne-piston pin seat hole nazo kufanele zihlolwe. Uma kudingeka, kufanele kulungiswe noma kushintshwe.
Ukuxilongwa kwamaphutha e-piston kudinga isahlulelo esibanzi ngokusekelwe ezimpawini. Isibonelo, intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya ingabonisa ukuguguleka kwendandatho ye-piston noma i-piston edonsa i-liner yesilinda. Uma amandla enjini ehla ehambisana nokucindezela okungajwayelekile kwegumbi lomlilo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola umonakalo wokusha phezulu kwe-piston. Uma i-piston igugile kakhulu, igqokwe esiketini, noma ikhishwa kusilinda, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukufaka i-piston esikhundleni sayo, futhi izimbangela zamaphutha zezinhlelo zokupholisa nezokugcoba kufanele zihlolwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuphinda kuvele.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwansuku zonke, ukushintshwa njalo kukawoyela wenjini osezingeni eliphezulu, ukugcina isihlungi somoya sihlanzekile, nokugwema ukusebenza isikhathi eside kwemithwalo ephezulu kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kwezingxenye zepiston futhi kwandise impilo yenjini.
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