Umsebenzi wenzwa ye-oxygen yangemuva yezimoto
Ohlelweni lokulawula ukukhishwa kwezimoto, inzwa ye-oxygen yangemuva, nakuba incane ngobukhulu, idlala indima ebalulekile njenge-"tail gas monitor". Ukusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngqo izimo zokusebenza kwenjini kanye nekhwalithi yokukhishwa kwe-exhaust. Ukuqonda umsebenzi wayo, ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha, kanye nezimbangela kubaluleke kakhulu kubanikazi bezimoto ekushayeleni kwabo kwansuku zonke nasekugcinweni kwezimoto.
Umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wenzwa ye-oxygen yangemuva ukuqapha ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanzwa kwe-catalytic converter enezindlela ezintathu. Ifakwe ngemuva kwe-catalytic converter enezindlela ezintathu futhi ithola okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen kugesi yokukhipha ehlanziwe, ifake idatha emuva kuyunithi yokulawula ye-engine electronic (ECU). I-ECU iqhathanisa idatha evela ku-sensor ye-oxygen yangaphambili (efakwe ku-exhaust manifold, iqapha okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen kugesi yokukhipha yokuqala) ukuze inqume ukuthi i-catalytic converter enezindlela ezintathu isebenza kahle yini. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ngemva kokuhlanzwa yi-catalytic converter enezindlela ezintathu, okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen kugesi yokukhipha kuhlala kuzinzile, futhi ukushintshashintsha kwesignali kwenzwa ye-oxygen yangemuva kuncane kakhulu kunokwenzwa ye-oxygen yangaphambili; uma umehluko wezibonakaliso phakathi kwalezi ezimbili wehla noma uqhubeka njalo, kubonisa ukuthi i-catalytic converter enezindlela ezintathu kungenzeka yehlulekile futhi ayikwazi ukuguqula ngempumelelo amagesi ayingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha yempendulo evela ku-sensor ye-oxygen yangemuva nayo isiza i-ECU ekulungiseni kahle ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli, iqinisekise ngokungaqondile ukusebenza kahle kokushiswa kwenjini.
Uma inzwa ye-oxygen yangemuva ihluleka, imoto izobonisa izimpawu ezahlukene ezingavamile, okuthikameza kabi ulwazi lokushayela kanye nokusebenza kwemoto. Isibonakaliso esisobala kakhulu ukusebenza kwesibani sephutha senjini. Uma isignali yenzwa ingavamile, ikhompyutha esebhodini izoqala isibani sesexwayiso sephutha. Ukusebenzisa idivayisi yokuxilonga ye-OBDII, amakhodi ephutha afanele njenge-P0136 kuya ku-P0141 ngokuvamile angafundwa. Ukusebenza kwamandla okunciphile nakho kuyisibonakaliso esivamile. Ngenxa yokungakwazi kwenzwa ukubonisa ngokunembile idatha yokuqukethwe kwe-oxygen, ukulawula kwe-ECU inani lokujova uphethiloli kuba okungalungile, okuholela ekushiseni okucebile kakhulu noma okunciphile, ukuncipha kokusebenza kahle kokushiswa, ukusheshisa okuhamba kancane, amandla anganele okukhuphuka, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwejubane okungenzeka, ukudlidliza komzimba, noma ngisho nokuma kwenjini lapho ingasebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzokhula kakhulu. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ukwehluleka kwenzwa ye-oxygen yangemuva kungabangela ukwanda okungu-5% kuya ku-10% kwevolumu yokujova uphethiloli. Emotweni yomndeni enebanga lonyaka lamakhilomitha angu-20,000, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwengeziwe ngonyaka kungafinyelela amalitha angu-900, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho. Ukukhishwa komoya ophumayo nakho kuzoba okungavamile. Igesi yokukhipha umoya engahlanziwe ingase ibonakale imnyama futhi inephunga elibi, hhayi nje kuphela engcolisa imvelo kodwa futhi ibangele ukuthi imoto yehluleke ukuhlolwa kokukhipha umoya ekuhlolweni kwaminyaka yonke. Ezinye izimoto zingase zibonise nezimpawu ezifihliwe njengokuhamba kancane kokubanda, ukuthuthumela okuncane lapho uqala umshini wokupholisa umoya, kanye nokuma kwenjini, okunganakwa kalula ngabanikazi.
Izimbangela zokwehluleka kwenzwa ye-oxygen yangemuva ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ziyahlukahluka. Zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu. Okokuqala, izinkinga zekhwalithi kaphethiloli. Uphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi oqukethe i-sulfur, i-lead, njll., uzokwakha ungqimba lokungcola ebusweni benzwa ngemva kokusha, okuvimbela ukusabalala kwama-ion e-oxygen futhi kubangele ukubambezeleka noma ukuphambuka kwesignali; izithasiselo ze-silicon zizokwakha amakristalu amhlophe entweni yokuzwa, okubangela ukwehla okungazelelwe kokuzwela ngaphezu kuka-60%. Okwesibili, ukuguga kwesekethe kanye nengxenye. I-wiring harness yenzwa ivezwa ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu isikhathi eside, kanti ungqimba lokuvikela luvame ukuguga, ukushiswa kwezixhumi kuzokwandisa ukumelana kokuxhumana, kanti isekethe yokushisa ephukile izovimbela izingxenye ukuthi zingafinyeleli umkhawulo wokusebenza ongu-300°C, okuholela ezimpawini ezingavamile ezitholwa yi-ECU. Okwesithathu, amadiphozithi ekhabhoni kanye nokungcola. Ukusha okungaphelele enjinini kukhiqiza amadiphozithi ekhabhoni, noma uwoyela, uthuli, njll., kungena endaweni yokusebenza yenzwa, kumboze ubuso bento yokuzwa futhi kuphazamise ukutholwa kokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-oxygen. Ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba imoto isihambe amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-80,000, ukuqongelela kwama-carbon deposits kungafinyelela ku-0.2-0.5mm, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwenzwa.
Uma ubhekene nokwehluleka kwenzwa ye-oxygen yangemuva, abanikazi bezimoto kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi sokushayela nsuku zonke, khetha isiteshi sikaphethiloli esifanelekile ukuze wengeze uphethiloli futhi usebenzise izihlanzi zesistimu kaphethiloli njalo ukuze unciphise umonakalo kunzwa obangelwa ukungcola; landela izincomo encwadini yokulungisa imoto, qapha ijika lesiginali senzwa njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-30,000, futhi wenze ukuhlanza kobungcweti njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-50,000 ukuvimbela ukuqongelela kwamadiphozithi ekhabhoni. Uma imoto ibonisa izimpawu zamaphutha ezingenhla, kufanele ihlolwe ngokushesha esikhungweni sokulungisa sobungcweti. Ngokuqhathanisa i-waveform nezinye izindlela, qinisekisa isimo senzwa. Uma ushintsha inzwa, kunconywa ukukhetha izingxenye zasefektri zokuqala. Izinga lokuphindeka kwalezi zingxenye lingu-8% kuphela, okuphansi kakhulu kuno-35% wezingxenye ze-aftermarket. Ngemva kokushintsha, amapharamitha e-ECU adinga ukusethwa kabusha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto ibuyela ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile.
Inzwa ye-oxygen yangemuva iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokukhipha umoya emotweni. Ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile kuyisiqinisekiso sokusebenza kahle kwenjini kanye nokuhambisana nokukhishwa komoya ophumayo. Kuphela ngokunaka ukubaluleka kwendima yayo, ukuqonda ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha nezimbangela, kanye nokwenza ukulungiswa njalo kanye nokulungisa ngesikhathi lapho imoto ingahlala isesimweni esihle khona, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise izindleko zokusebenzisa futhi inikele ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.
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