Isiqalo Semoto: Umongo Wokuqala Kwemoto Nokuhlonza Amaphutha
Phakathi kwezingxenye eziningi zezimoto zanamuhla, i-starter ibonakala ingabalulekile, kodwa iyisihluthulelo sokwenza imoto iqale kahle. Ifana "ne-pacemaker yenhliziyo" yemoto, eguqula amandla kagesi avela ebhethri abe amandla omshini ngesikhathi ngasinye sokushisa, ihlinzeka ngamandla okuqala okusebenza kwenjini.
Umsebenzi Oyinhloko We-Starter
Injini ayikwazi ukusebenza yodwa uma ingashintshi; kumele iqhutshwe ngamandla angaphandle ukuze ijikeleze i-crankshaft, okuvumela ingxube evuthayo kumasilinda ukuthi iqedele imijikelezo yokungenisa, yokucindezela, yokukhiqiza ugesi, kanye neyokukhipha ugesi, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo. Isiqalo yingxenye eyenza lo msebenzi obalulekile.
Isiqalisi ikakhulukazi siqukethe injini evuselelwe uchungechunge lwe-DC, indlela yokudlulisa, kanye neswishi yokulawula kagesi. Lapho umshayeli ephendula inkinobho yokushisa aye endaweni yokuqala, inkinobho kagesi izosebenza ngokushesha ukuze ikhiqize insimu yamagnetic, idonse i-iron core ukuthi ihambe. Lesi senzo asigcini nje ngokusunduza i-clutch yendlela eyodwa emshinini wokudlulisa ukuze ixhumane kahle namazinyo e-flywheel enjini; kodwa futhi sixhumanisa isekethe yemoto ye-DC, okuvumela ugesi omkhulu ovela ebhethri ukuthi ungene emotweni.
Injini ye-DC ikhiqiza i-torque enamandla kagesi ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla kagesi, idlulisa amandla ngokusebenzisa indlela yokudlulisa iye ku-flywheel, iqhuba i-crankshaft yenjini ukuze ijikeleze ngesivinini esikhulu. Lapho injini ifika esivinini sokuqala, ijubane lokujikeleza le-flywheel lizodlula elokushayela kwegiya lokuqalisa, kuleli phuzu i-clutch eyodwa izoshelela ngokuzenzakalelayo, inqamule ukudluliselwa kwamandla futhi igweme ukulimala kwenjini ekuhuduleni okuphambene kwe-starter. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-electromagnetic switch iyancishiswa amandla, igiya lokushayela kanye namazinyo e-flywheel ayahlukaniswa, bese i-starter iqeda lo msebenzi wokuqalisa.
Kungashiwo ukuthi i-starter iyibhuloho elibalulekile elixhumanisa amandla kagesi namandla omshini, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kahle kuyisiqinisekiso esidingekayo sokuqala imoto ngendlela evamile.
Amaphutha Avamile Nezindlela Zokuxilonga
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside futhi njalo kwe-starter, amaphutha ahlukahlukene awanakugwenywa. Ukuqonda izimpawu kanye nezindlela zokuxilonga zala maphutha avamile kungasiza abanikazi bezimoto ukuthola izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi bagweme ukwehluleka kokuqala kwemoto ngenxa yamaphutha.
Isiqalo asijikelezi
Ngemva kokuvula iswishi yokushisa, isiqalo asibonisi mpendulo, futhi imoto ayikwazi ukuqala. Lesi simo singase sibangelwe yizizathu ezahlukahlukene. Okokuqala, cabanga ukuthi ibhethri lishajwe ngokugcwele; ungakuqala ngokubona lokhu ngokuvula izibani zangaphambili bese ucindezela i-horn. Uma izibani zangaphambili zifiphele futhi i-horn izwakala ibuthakathaka, kungenzeka ukuthi ibhethri seliphelile. Okwesibili, ukufinyeza kwesekethe, umonakalo ku-switch ye-electromagnetic, noma ukufinyeza kwesekethe yangaphakathi yesiqalo nakho kungabangela leli phutha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungalinganisa i-voltage, uhlole ukuthi izibani zokuxhuma zikhululekile noma zi-oxidized, njll. Uma ukufinyeza kwesekethe ugesi kanye nezibani zokuqalisa kwenza isiqalo sijikeleze, kubonisa ukuthi kukhona iphutha ku-control circuit, okungase kube ngenxa ye-ignition switch eyonakele noma i-relay.
Isiqalo sijikeleza kancane
Isiqalisi sijikeleza kancane, asikwazi ukushayela injini ukuze sifinyelele isivinini sokuqalisa, okwenza kube nzima ukuqala injini. Ebusika, lapho amandla okukhipha ibhethri ehla, kulula ukuthi iphele, okuyimbangela evamile yokujikeleza okubuthakathaka kwesiqalisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguguleka ngokweqile kwebhulashi, ukuxhumana okubi kwesekethe, noma izifunda ezimfushane ekujikijeleni nakho kunganciphisa i-torque ye-electromagnetic yesiqalisi, okubangela ukuthi isiqalisi sijikeleze kancane. Abanikazi bezimoto bangahlola ukuthi amatheminali okuxhuma ibhethri akhululekile futhi ancibilikisiwe, uma indawo yokuxhuma ishisa, bese uyihlanza bese uyiqinisa ngesikhathi. Uma kudingeka, hlukanisa isiqalisi bese uhlola ukuguguleka kwendlela yokudlulisela, shintsha i-clutch noma i-shift fork eyonakele.
Isiqalo siyayeka ukusebenza
Isiqalo sijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu, kodwa i-crankshaft yenjini ayibonisi mpendulo. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukushelela kwe-clutch yendlela eyodwa, engakwazi ukudlulisa amandla ngempumelelo ku-flywheel; noma i-shift fork iyasuswa, okubangela ukuthi igiya lokushayela lihluleke ukuhlanganisa kahle amazinyo e-flywheel. Ezimweni ezinjalo, zama ukuqala kabusha, uphendule i-crankshaft, bese wenza umsebenzi wokuqalisa. Uma ibuyela esimweni esijwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi amazinyo ambalwa amazinyo e-flywheel alimele. Uma iphutha liqhubeka, hlukanisa isiqalo, hlola ukuguguleka kwendlela yokudlulisela, bese ushintsha i-clutch yendlela eyodwa noma i-shift fork eyonakele.
Isiqalisi senza umsindo ongajwayelekile Lapho siqala imoto, isiqalisi sikhipha imisindo engajwayelekile njengokugaya nokungqubuzana. Umsindo wokugaya ubangelwa kakhulu ukwehluleka kwegiya lokushayela kanye negiya le-flywheel ukuxhuma ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuqala, okuholela ekushayweni kwegiya; umsindo wokungqubuzana ungase ubangelwe umonakalo we-armature shaft bearing, okubangela ukungqubuzana okwandisiwe phakathi kwezingxenye ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Uma kuvela imisindo engajwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukumisa imoto ukuze ihlolwe ngesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe ukwanda kwephutha kanye nomonakalo ku-starter noma indandatho yegiya le-flywheel.
Ukugcinwa kwansuku zonke kwe-starter
Ukuze kwandiswe impilo yesevisi yesiqalisi futhi kuncishiswe ukwenzeka kwamaphutha, abanikazi bezimoto kudingeka banake la maphuzu alandelayo ngesikhathi sokushayela nsuku zonke. Okokuqala, isikhathi ngasinye lapho uqala imoto, isikhathi sokuxhuma isiqalisi akufanele sidlule imizuzwana emi-5. Ngemva kokuqala okuphindaphindiwe, kudingeka ikhefu elingaphezu kwemizuzu emi-2. Ngemva kokuqala okulandelanayo okuhlulekile, amaphutha kufanele ahlolwe ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nomonakalo kusiqalo noma kundandatho yegiya le-flywheel. Okwesibili, lapho uqala injini ebandayo ebusika, injini ingashiswa ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wokuqala wesiqalisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezimo zokushaja kwebhethri kanye nokuxhuma kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiqalisi sithola ugesi owanele.
Njengengxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokuqalisa imoto, ukusebenza kwesiqalo kuthinta ngqo ukuthembeka kwemoto. Ukuqonda indima yesiqalo, amaphutha avamile, kanye nezindlela zokulungisa kungasiza abanikazi bezimoto ukuba banakekele kangcono izimoto zabo futhi baqinisekise ukuqala okubushelelezi nokungenazinkinga njalo.
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