"Isibopho esingabonakali" samandla ezimoto: Imisebenzi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamaphutha amabhande esikhathi kanye namaketanga esikhathi
Ohlelweni lokusebenza oluyinhloko lwenjini yezimoto, ibhande lesikhathi kanye nochungechunge lwesikhathi kufana "nezibopho ezingabonakali", okubonakala kungabalulekile kodwa kulawula isigqi esinembile sendlela yokusebenza kwevalvu yenjini, okusebenza njengesiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sokusebenza okuvamile kwenjini.
Ngokombono wemisebenzi yazo, zombili zinomsebenzi ofanayo oyinhloko: ukushayela indlela yokusebenza kwe-valve yenjini, ukuvumela ama-valve okungenisa nawokukhipha ugesi ukuthi avuleke futhi avalwe ngezikhathi eziqondile, avumelanise kahle nemivimbo emine ye-piston - ukuphefumula, ukucindezela, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, kanye nokukhipha ugesi. Ngokukhethekile, zixhuma i-crankshaft kanye ne-camshaft, ziqinisekisa ukuthi lapho i-crankshaft ijikeleza kabili, i-camshaft ijikeleza kanye ngqo, ivumela ama-valve okungenisa nawokukhipha ugesi ukuthi aqedele isenzo esisodwa sokuvula nokuvala ngasinye, okwenza ingxube ingene ngokushesha kwisilinda futhi ukukhishwa kogesi kukhishwe kahle, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhishwa kwamandla enjini kanye nokonga uphethiloli.
Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko omkhulu ezintweni zokwakha kanye nezici zalezi zinto ezimbili. Amabhande okulinganisa isikhathi enziwa kakhulu ngerabha, anesendlalelo sefayibha ngaphakathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, akhiqiza umsindo ophansi, anokumelana okuphansi kokudlulisela, futhi anezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi. Kodwa izinto zerabha zisengozini yokushisa kanye nokungcoliswa uwoyela, okwenza kube yizinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zizoguga futhi ziqhekeke, ngokuvamile zidinga ukushintshwa ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayi-6 - 10 000. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaketanga okulinganisa isikhathi asebenzisa isakhiwo se-metal link, esinikeza ukuqina okukhulu. Amamodeli amaningi athi angagcinwa ngaphandle kokunakekelwa impilo yonke, isikhathi sokuphila esingamakhilomitha angaphezu kwe-20 000. Kodwa-ke, akhiqiza umsindo omncane wokungqubuzana kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi athembele ku-oyela wenjini ukuze agcotshwe. Uma ikhwalithi kawoyela imbi noma ingashintshwa ngesikhathi, izosheshisa ukuguguleka kwawo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhande lesikhathi noma uchungechunge lwesikhathi, uma kwenzeka iphutha, lizoba nomthelela omkhulu enjinini. Ukubonakaliswa okuqondile kakhulu kwephutha lebhande lesikhathi ukuguga nokuphuka. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-camshaft ilahlekelwa amandla okushayela, futhi isikhathi se-valve siba yisiphithiphithi ngokuphelele, okwenza injini ivale ngokushesha. Ezinjinini zohlobo lokuphazamiseka, kungaholela nasekushayiseni phakathi kwe-piston ne-valve, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu womshini njengokugoba kwe-valve nomonakalo we-piston, kanti izindleko zokulungisa zivame ukwedlula amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-yuan. Ngaphambi kokuphuka, kungakhipha nemisindo yesexwayiso, njengomsindo "wokuchofoza" engxenyeni yenjini lapho kuqala ukubanda, ophela kancane kancane ngemva kokufudumeza. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukuguguleka kukhula, umsindo ongajwayelekile uzoqhubeka, futhi imoto ingase ibhekane nokuqala okulibazisekile, ukuntuleka kwamandla okusheshisa, kanye nokwanda okungavamile kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Amaphutha eketheni lesikhathi abonakala kakhulu ngokunwebeka kanye nokugxumagxuma kwamazinyo. Ekuqaleni, kungase kube nomsindo "wokugoqa" wensimbi ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo, okuthuthukayo ngemva kokufudumala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukuguguleka kukhula, umsindo ongavamile uzoqhubeka, futhi imoto izobhekana nokuqala okulibazisekile, ukuntuleka kwamandla okusheshisa, kanye nokungahlali kahle. Uma iketheni linwebeka ngokweqile, i-tensioner ayikwazi ukulungisa ngempumelelo ukucindezeleka, okubangela ukugxumagxuma kwamazinyo, okuholela ekungalingani kahle kwesikhathi se-valve futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, okubangela ukuba i-piston ishaye i-valve, okuholela nasekuhlulekeni kwenjini ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphutha eketheni azohambisana nokwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokusetshenziswa kukawoyela, kanye nokukhanya kwesibonakaliso sephutha lenjini kudeshibhodi nakho kungakhanya.
Ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala okuphindwe kabili emotweni nasesikhwameni semali okubangelwa amaphutha esistimu yesikhathi, ukulungiswa kwansuku zonke kubalulekile. Ezimotweni ezinamabhande esikhathi, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokuqinile izidingo zencwadi yokulungisa imoto bese uwashintsha ngomjikelezo wamamayela ayi-6 - 10,000. Kunconywa ukuthi kushintshwe isondo le-tensioner kanye ne-idler kanye nebhande lesikhathi ngesikhathi sokushintsha ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza ibhande elisha ngenxa yamaphutha ezingxenye ezindala. Ezimotweni ezinezintambo zesikhathi, yize kungadingeki ukushintshwa okuvamile, ngemva kokushayela amamayela ayi-8,000,000, kufanele kuhlolwe njalo ngezinga lokuguguleka kweketanga kanye nesimo se-tensioner, futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe uwoyela wenjini ohambisana nemigomo ukuqinisekisa ukugcotshwa okwanele. Uma izimpawu ezingavamile ezifana nomsindo wenjini, ukulahlekelwa amandla, noma ezinye izinkinga zitholakele, kubalulekile ukuvakashela ngokushesha indawo yokulungisa yobungcweti ukuze ihlolwe. Ungabi nengqondo, njengoba amaphutha amancane angakhula abe izinkinga ezinkulu.
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