Ikholomu Ephezulu Yevalvu Yemoto: I-Invisible Guardian Eqinisekisa Ukushelela Kwenjini
Ohlelweni lokusebenza olunembile lwenjini yemoto, ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu iyinto ebonakala ingabalulekile kodwa ebalulekile. Ifana nomqaphi ozinikele, oqinisekisa njalo ukusebenza okunembile kwendlela yokusebenza kwevalvu yenjini. Kodwa-ke, uma ingasebenzi kahle, izobangela izinkinga eziningi ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwenjini.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wekholomu ephezulu yevalvu yemoto
Ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu yemoto ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-hydraulic kanye ne-mechanical. Phakathi kwazo, ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic, enezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinjinini zezimoto zesimanje.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wekholomu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic usekukhokheleni ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvuleka kwevalvu. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, indlela yokudlulisa ivalvu izokhipha ukuvuleka kwevalvu ngenxa yokwanda kokushisa kanye nokuguguleka. Lokhu kuvuleka akugcini nje ngokwandisa umsindo wenjini kodwa futhi kuthinta ukungabi nomoya kwendlela yokuvula ivalvu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusebenza kwamandla kanye nokonga uphethiloli wenjini. Ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic ingasebenzisa ingcindezi kawoyela wokugcoba wenjini ukulungisa ubude bayo, inciphise ukuvuleka kwevalvu kube kuncane, iqinisekise ukuthi ivalvu kanye ne-camshaft zihlala zigcina ukuxhumana okungenazikhala, zigcina indlela yokuvula ivalvu isesimweni esihle kakhulu sokusebenza futhi ziqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic inganciphisa ngempumelelo umsindo wenjini. Amakholomu aphezulu evalvu yendabuko adinga ukulungiswa njalo ngesandla kwesikhala sevalvu. Uma isikhala sesisikhulu kakhulu, injini izokhipha umsindo obonakalayo wokungqongqoza ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic isusa isikhala sevalvu ngokuzenzakalelayo, inciphise ukukhiqizwa komsindo onjalo kusuka empandeni, idale indawo yangaphakathi ethule yabagibeli.
Kumakholomu aphezulu e-valve omshini, yize engenawo umsebenzi wokulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo evulekile, asathatha umthwalo obalulekile wokudlulisa amandla avela ku-camshaft nokushayela i-valve ukuze ivuleke futhi ivale. Ayingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokusebenza kwe-valve.
Izimpawu nezimbangela zokwehluleka kwekholomu ephezulu ye-valve
Uma ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu ihluleka, injini ivame ukukhipha "izimpawu zesixwayiso" ezisobala, ezivame kakhulu umsindo ongajwayelekile.
Umsindo ongajwayelekile obangelwa yikholomu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic unezici ezithile: ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini okungenzi lutho, umsindo wokuchofoza ongashayisani uzokhishwa usuka phezulu kwesembozo sesilinda, okusobala kakhulu ezimweni zenjini ezibandayo. Njengoba ijubane lenjini landa noma imoto ihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, umsindo uzoncipha kancane kancane noma unyamalale. Lo msindo ubangelwa kakhulu yizizathu ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, inkinga kawoyela wenjini. Uma izinga likawoyela wenjini liphezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu, noma umfutho kawoyela unganele, ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic ngeke ithole uwoyela owanele wokugcoba. Umoya wangaphandle uzothatha ithuba lokungena ngaphakathi kwekholomu ephezulu, uphazamise ibhalansi yayo ye-hydraulic, ngaleyo ndlela udale umsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa uwoyela wenjini mbumbulu noma owonakele kuzokhulisa ukuguguleka kwekholomu ephezulu yevalvu, kubangele ukwehluleka okwengeziwe. Okwesibili, ukuguguleka kwengxenye. Ubuso be-plunger buzoguguleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi uphawu lwevalvu alulungile, okuholela ekuvuthweni kukawoyela. Lokhu kuzothinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwekholomu ephezulu yevalvu ye-hydraulic, kuyivimbele ekulungiseni ngempumelelo i-valve clearance, ngaleyo ndlela idale umsindo. Okwesithathu, ukuvaleka kokungcola kukawoyela. Uma ikholomu kanye nomzimba wekholomu ephezulu kuvinjiwe amabala kawoyela kanye nokungcola, kuzophazamisa ukuhamba okuvamile kukawoyela wenjini, okubangela ukuthi ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu ingabi nokugcotshwa kanye nokungasebenzi kahle.
Ngaphandle komsindo ongajwayelekile, ukwehluleka kwekholomu ephezulu yevalvu kungathinta nokusebenza kwamandla enjini. Lapho ukuvuleka kwevalvu kungenakukhokhelwa ngempumelelo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwekholomu ephezulu yevalvu, izikhathi zokuvula nokuvala kwevalvu zizophambuka, zithinte ukushelela kokungenisa kanye nokukhipha, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla enjini kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho nevalvu ingase yehluleke ukuvala kahle, okubangela ukuvuza kwesilinda, okulimaza kakhulu injini.
Impendulo kanye nokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwekholomu ephezulu ye-valve
Uma injini ikhipha umsindo ongajwayelekile okusolwa ukuthi ubangelwa ukwehluleka kwekholomu ephezulu yevalvu, umnikazi kufanele athathe izinyathelo zokuyihlola nokuyisingatha ngesikhathi. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola izinga likawoyela wenjini kanye nekhwalithi. Uma izinga likawoyela liphansi kakhulu, engeza uwoyela wenjini onencazelo efanele ngesikhathi. Uma uwoyela wonakele, uwushintshe ngowoyela omusha. Uma kwenzeka amaphutha abangelwa ukuguguleka kwezingxenye noma ukuvuza kukawoyela, amapiston agugile kakhulu, amavalvu nezinye izingxenye kufanele zishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwekholomu ephezulu yevalvu.
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwemoto nsuku zonke, ukuvimbela amaphutha ekholomu ephezulu yevalvu nakho kubalulekile. Abanikazi kufanele balandele ngokuqinile izidingo zencwadi yokulungisa imoto, bashintshe njalo uwoyela wenjini kanye nesihlungi samafutha, futhi basebenzise uwoyela wenjini osezingeni eliphezulu othengwe eziteshini ezisemthethweni ukuze bagweme ukulimala kwekholomu ephezulu yevalvu ngenxa yezinkinga zamafutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zama ukugwema ukumisa injini isikhathi eside futhi unciphise ingozi yokucindezelwa ngokweqile kwekholomu ephezulu yevalvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yenza ukuhlolwa okubanzi njalo kwenjini ukuze uthole ngokushesha futhi uxazulule izinkinga ezingaba khona, okuyisihluthulelo sokwandisa impilo yenkonzo yekholomu ephezulu yevalvu nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.
Nakuba ikholomu ephezulu ye-valve yemoto incane, idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenjini. Ukuqonda umsebenzi wayo, ukujwayelana nezimpawu zayo zamaphutha, kanye nokuqonda impendulo efanele kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe lo mqaphi ongabonakali esimweni esihle sokusebenza nokuvikela ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.
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