Umsebenzi wemitha yokugeleza komoya yezimoto
Imitha yokugeleza komoya iyinzwa eyisihluthulelo ohlelweni lokulawula ngogesi lwenjini yemoto. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukukala ukugeleza komoya okungena enjinini ngesikhathi sangempela nokuguqula le datha ibe isignali kagesi ukuze idluliselwe kuyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU), esebenza njengesisekelo esiyisisekelo se-ECU sokubala ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli nokuthuthukisa isilinganiso somoya-uphethiloli.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemitha yokugeleza komoya
Lawula ngokunembile ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli futhi ugcine isilinganiso esifanele somoya nophethiloli
Ukushiswa kwenjini kudinga ukugcina isilinganiso somoya nophethiloli esisekelwe kumbono (cishe u-14.7:1). Idatha yomthamo womoya ongenayo enikezwa yimitha yokugeleza komoya iyisisekelo "esiqondile nesinembile kakhulu" se-ECU ukubala ivolumu yokujikijela uphethiloli edingekayo. I-ECU ilawula ngokunembile ububanzi bokushaya kwe-fuel injection ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphethiloli nomoya kuxutshwe ngesilinganiso esifanele, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle komlilo. Uma idatha ingalungile, kuzoholela ekuxubeni uphethiloli ngokweqile (ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe kanye nokwanda kwamadiphozithi ekhabhoni) noma ekuxubeni uphethiloli okunganele (amandla anciphile futhi athambekele ekumisweni).
Lungiselela amandla enjini kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli
Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa nezinye izimo zomthwalo osindayo, imitha yokugeleza komoya ingasabela ngokushesha ekukhuphukeni okungazelelwe komthamo womoya ongenayo, okuvumela i-ECU ukuthi ikhuphule ngokushesha umthamo wokujova uphethiloli ukuze inikeze amandla anele. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma ukungasebenzi, yehlisa umthamo wokujova uphethiloli ukuze inciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Isivinini sayo sokuphendula sithinta ngqo ulwazi lokushayela. Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuphendula semitha yokugeleza yohlobo lwefilimu eshisayo ngokuvamile singaphakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0.1, okuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwamandla okubushelelezi.
Qinisekisa ukuthi kulandelwa imithetho yokukhishwa komoya
Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kunquma ngqo izinga lokukhishwa komoya. Idatha enembile evela kumitha yokugeleza komoya iqinisekisa ukuthi uphethiloli ushiswe ngokuphelele, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi njenge-carbon monoxide (CO) kanye nama-hydrocarbon (HC). Uma inzwa yehluleka futhi ibangela ingxube kaphethiloli eningi, ukukhishwa komoya kuzokhipha intuthu emnyama, futhi imoto izohluleka ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi uzinzise ukusebenza kwenjini
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukushintshashintsha okuncane komoya ongenayo uma ungasebenzi noma inani elikhulu lomoya ongenayo ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu, imitha yokugeleza komoya ingaqapha futhi iphendule ku-ECU ngesikhathi sangempela, iqinisekise ukuthi injini ingagcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene futhi igweme ukuma noma ukuphazamiseka kwamandla.
Ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha okuvamile
Uma imitha yokugeleza komoya ivalekile ngamadiphozithi ekhabhoni, yonakele, noma inephutha lezintambo, ngokuvamile ibangela izimpawu ezilandelayo:
Ukungazinzile noma ukuthuthumela okungasebenzi kahle: Injini iyathuthumela ngokuphawulekayo lapho ingasebenzi, njengoba i-ECU ithola izimpawu zomoya ezingalungile, okubangela ukulawulwa okungafanele komthamo wokufakwa kukaphethiloli.
Ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka noma "ukungakhululeki": Ngemva kokunyathela i-accelerator, impendulo yamandla ihamba kancane, futhi kunzima ukudlula.
Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu ngendlela engavamile: Emikhubeni yokushayela kanye nezimo zomgwaqo ezingashintshile, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphuka kakhulu (mhlawumbe ngo-10%-20%).
Ukukhipha umoya kuphuma intuthu emnyama futhi kudlula amazinga okukhishwa komoya: Ukusha okunganele yimbangela.
Isibani sephutha senjini siyavuleka: I-ECU izogcina amakhodi ephutha anjenge-"P0100-P0104" ahlobene nemitha yokugeleza komoya.
Iziphakamiso zokulungisa
Ukuhlolwa okuvamile: Kunconywa ukuhlola imitha yokugeleza komoya njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-2-30,000, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni eziqhutshwa emigwaqweni enothuli.
Ukuhlanza kobungcweti: Uma kukhona ukwakheka kwekhabhoni, sebenzisa i-ejenti yokuhlanza yemitha yokugeleza komoya ezinikele ekuhlanzeni. Ungasebenzisi ama-ejenti okuhlanza ama-carburetor, njengoba angalimaza ifilimu eshisayo ebucayi noma izingxenye zentambo eshisayo.
Shintsha izingxenye: Uma inzwa yonakele, kunconywa ukuthi uyishintshe ngezingxenye zangempela zokuqala noma eziqanjwe ngegama lomkhiqizo. Izingxenye ezingaphansi komkhiqizo ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuphila kwesikhathi.
Imitha yokugeleza komoya (i-MAF sensor) iyisici esiyinhloko sohlelo lokulawula lwe-elekthronikhi lwenjini, esinomthwalo wokulinganisa ukugeleza komoya okungena enjinini nokunikeza i-ECU (i-Electronic Control Unit) isisekelo esiyinhloko sokubala ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli. Uma yehluleka, izobangela ukungalingani kwesilinganiso sengxube kaphethiloli, okuholela ochungechungeni lokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwenjini.
Okulandelayo yizimpawu ezivamile lapho imitha yokugeleza komoya yehluleka:
Ukungazinzi kokungenzi lutho: Injini iyanyakaza ngokuphawulekayo uma ingasebenzi, njengoba i-ECU ithola izimpawu zomoya zokungenisa ezingalungile, okubangela ukulawulwa okungafanele kwevolumu yokujova uphethiloli. Ubuthakathaka bokusheshisa kanye namandla okuhamba kancane: Ngemva kokungena ku-accelerator, imoto isabela kancane futhi isheshise kancane, ikakhulukazi ebangeni le-1500-2000 rpm, izizwa "intula amandla". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ECU iyahlulela kabi ivolumu yomoya wokungenisa futhi yehlisa ukujova uphethiloli, okuholela engxubeni ye-稀薄.
Ukwanda okungavamile kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli: Uma isignali yesenzwa inkulu kakhulu, i-ECU izokholelwa ngephutha ukuthi injini isesimweni somthwalo ophezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukujova kukaphethiloli, okubangela ingxube egxilile kakhulu, futhi uphethiloli awukwazi ukushiswa ngokuphelele, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Amanye amamodeli azoba nesibani sesixwayiso esithi "SERVICE ENGINE" kudeshibhodi.
Ipayipi lokukhipha umoya likhipha intuthu emnyama: Uma ingxube igxile kakhulu, inani elikhulu lezinhlayiya zekhabhoni ezingashiswanga likhishwa negesi yokukhipha umoya, okwenza intuthu emnyama esobala. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokungcolisa imvelo kodwa futhi kubonisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa.
Ukuma kwenjini ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokudlidliza kwenjini： Uma ushayela ngesivinini esikhulu (ngokuvamile ngaphezu kuka-120 km/h), ukuphuma kwesignali yenzwa akuzinzile, okungabangela ukuthi i-ECU inciphise ukujova kukaphethiloli ngokuzumayo, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwamandla enjini, ukudlidliza, noma ngisho nokuma, okubangela izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha.
Ukubuyela emuva epayipini lokungenisa: Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa noma sokunciphisa ijubane, injini ingakhipha imisindo engavamile ethi "bang bang", okubangelwa ukusha okungavamile epayipini lokungenisa ngenxa yokuxubana okunganele noma okweqile okuholela ekushiseni okungavamile.
Kwamanye amamodeli, lapho imitha yokugeleza komoya ihluleka, isibani sephutha senjini (Hlola Injini) sizokhanya. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho ukuphambuka kwesiginali kuncane khona, futhi i-ECU yehluleka ukuqopha ikhodi yephutha, okubonisa kuphela ukwehla kokusebenza. Ukuxilongwa kobungcweti kungaqinisekiswa ngokuthola i-sensor waveform nge-oscilloscope (i-voltage evamile ye-thermocouple kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kuka-2.5-3.2V) noma ukufunda ikhodi yephutha.
Uma kuvela izimpawu eziningi, kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele isitolo sokulungisa esingochwepheshe ngokushesha ukuze uhlolwe. Ezimweni ezidingekayo, shintsha imitha yokugeleza komoya yokuqala futhi unake ukuhlanza njalo uhlelo lokungenisa ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana kothuli okuthinta ukunemba kwenzwa.
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