Uyini umsebenzi wesipilingi se-airbag?
Isipilingi se-airbag sisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i-airbag eyinhloko (esisesiteringini) ne-airbag wiring harness. Empeleni iyingcezu ye-wiring harness. Umsebenzi wayo ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukuphepha kwabagibeli uma kwenzeka ingozi emotweni.
Uma imoto ishayisana, uhlelo lwe-airbag lokuphepha lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukuphepha kwabagibeli.
Uhlelo lwe-airbag yokuphepha ngokuvamile luyisistimu eyodwa ye-airbag yesiteringi noma uhlelo lwe-airbag ezimbili. Izimoto ezifakwe uhlelo lwe-airbag ezimbili kanye nohlelo lwe-pre-tensioner lwebhande lesihlalo zizoba nama-airbag amabili kanye nama-pre-tensioner ebhande lesihlalo asebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa uma kwenzeka ingozi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ijubane lingakanani. Lokhu kubangela ukumoshwa kwe-airbag ngemiphumela yesivinini esiphansi, okwandisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa.
Uhlelo lwe-airbag oluphindwe kabili olunezenzo ezimbili lungakhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenzisa i-pre-tensioner yebhande lesihlalo lodwa, noma kokubili i-pre-tensioner yebhande lesihlalo kanye ne-airbag ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa lapho imoto ishayisana. Ngakho-ke, emiphumeleni yesivinini esiphansi, uhlelo lungasebenzisa ibhande lesihlalo lodwa ukuvikela ngokwanele ukuphepha kwabagibeli, ngaphandle kokuchitha i-airbag. Uma imoto ishayisana ngesivinini esingaphezu kwama-30 km/h, ibhande lesihlalo kanye ne-airbag kuzosebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuvikela ukuphepha kwabagibeli. Lapho imoto ishayisana ngaphambili, uhlelo lokulawula i-airbag lokuphepha luthola amandla okushaya (ukwehla kwesivinini).
Uma ikhompyutha yesikhwama somoya sokuphepha ithola ukuthi amandla okushaya adlula inani elibekiwe, ixhuma ngokushesha isekethe ye-electric detonator engxenyeni yokwehla kwamandla emali bese ivuthela indawo yokushisa engaphakathi kwe-electric detonator. Ilangabi livuthela i-inflating powder kanye ne-gas generating agent, likhiqize inani elikhulu legesi, elivuthela isikhwama somoya zingakapheli imizuzwana engu-0.03, okwenza isikhwama somoya sande ngokushesha futhi siqhume ngesembozo sokuhlobisa esiteringini bese sisunduza umshayeli nabagibeli, okwenza amakhanda nezifuba zabo kucindezelwe esikhwama somoya esigcwele ukuze kuncishiswe ukushaya. Ngemuva kwalokho, igesi esikhwama somoya iyakhishwa.
I-airbag ingasabalalisa amandla okushaya ngokulinganayo ekhanda nasesifubeni, ivimbele umzimba wabagibeli ababuthakathaka ukuthi ungashayisani ngqo nomzimba wemoto, inciphise kakhulu amathuba okulimala. I-airbag yokuphepha iyasebenza ngempela ekuvikeleni abagibeli ezingozini zangaphambili. Ngisho noma ibhande lesihlalo lingaboshiwe, i-airbag yokuphepha yokulwa nokushayisana isanele ukunciphisa ukulimala ngempumelelo. Ngokwezibalo, lapho imoto ishayisana ngaphambili, i-airbag yokuphepha inganciphisa izinga lokulimala kwabagibeli ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-64, futhi ngisho namaphesenti angama-80 abagibeli abawagqoki amabhande esihlalo. Ngokuphathelene nezingozi ezivela ohlangothini kanye nesihlalo sangemuva, umsebenzi webhande lesihlalo usancike ekusebenzeni kwalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo wokuqhuma kwesikhwama somoya ungama-decibel angu-130, ngaphakathi kwebanga umzimba womuntu ongalibekezelela; u-78% wegesi esikhwama somoya uyi-nitrogen, ezinzile futhi engenabo ubuthi, futhi engenangozi emzimbeni womuntu; impuphu ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma iyimpuphu yokugcoba evimba isikhwama somoya ukuthi singanamatheli ndawonye esimweni sokugoqwa, futhi ayinangozi emzimbeni womuntu.
Konke kunezinhlangothi ezimbili. I-airbag yokuphepha nayo inohlangothi lwayo olungaphephile. Ngokwezibalo, uma imoto ihamba ngesivinini esingu-60 km/h bese ishayisana ngokuzumayo, imoto izoma phakathi nemizuzwana engu-0.2, kuyilapho i-airbag izophuma cishe ku-300 km/h, kanti amandla okushaya akhiqizwayo angaba ngu-180 kg, okunzima ezingxenyeni zomzimba womuntu ezisengozini njengekhanda nentamo ukuthwala. Ngakho-ke, uma i-engeli namandla okukhishwa kwe-airbag kuphambukile kancane, kungaholela "enhlekeleleni".
Ngesikhathi sokushayela, izinzwa ezintathu ziqhubeka nokufaka ulwazi mayelana nokushintsha kwesivinini kusilawuli se-elekthronikhi, esibala njalo, sihlaziye, siqhathanise, futhi sihlulele, futhi sikulungele ukukhipha imiyalelo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uma imoto ishayisana ngesivinini esingaphansi kwamakhilomitha angama-30 ngehora, inzwa engaphambili kanye nenzwa yayo yokuphepha exhunyiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ifaka isignali yokushayisana kusilawuli se-elekthronikhi futhi ikhiphe umyalelo wokuqhuma i-detonator kagesi yebhande lesihlalo, kuyilapho isignali yenzwa ephakathi ingenakubangela ukuba isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sikhiphe umyalelo wokuqhuma i-detonator kagesi ye-airbag. Ngakho-ke, ezingozini zesivinini esiphansi (ezinokwehla okuncane), inqobo nje uma i-pre-tensioner idonsa ibhande lesihlalo emuva, kwanele ukuvikela abagibeli ekushayiseni phambili.
Ekushayiseni ngesivinini esikhulu (okunejubane elikhulu), izinzwa zangaphambili nezinzwa eziphakathi zifaka izimpawu zokushayisana ngasikhathi sinye kumlawuli we-elekthronikhi. Isilawuli se-elekthronikhi senza isinqumo ngokushesha futhi sikhiphe umyalelo, siqhumisa ngasikhathi sinye ama-pre-tensioner angakwesokunxele nakwesokudla kanye nama-detonator kagesi ezikhwama zomoya ezimbili. Ngenkathi ibhande lesihlalo lidonswa emuva, ama-airbag amabili avuleka ngasikhathi sinye, amunce amandla okushayisana akhiqizwa ukushesha okukhulu kwabagibeli, okuvikela ngempumelelo ukuphepha kwabo.
Uma imoto ishayisana nento eqondile ngaphambili, ijubane lemoto lishesha kakhulu, ukwehla kwejubane kuyanda, futhi amandla atholwa yizinzwa ayanda. Uma amandla ahleliwe ezinzwa zangaphambili kanye nezinzwa eziphakathi ehlukaniswe ngemikhawulo ephezulu nephansi, okungukuthi, ijubane lokushayisana elihleliwe lezinzwa zangaphambili lingaphansi kwenani lomkhawulo eliphansi elingu-30 km/h, futhi inani elihleliwe lezinzwa zokuphepha elihambisanayo nalo liyinani lomkhawulo eliphansi, khona-ke uma kwenzeka ukushayisana ngesivinini esiphansi, isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sisebenzisa kuphela i-pre-tensioner yebhande lesihlalo. Inani elihleliwe lezinzwa eziphakathi liwumkhawulo ophezulu, bese kuthi lapho kushayisana ngesivinini esikhulu, izinzwa zangaphambili, izinzwa eziphakathi kanye nezinzwa zokuphepha zikhipha izimpawu zokushayisana ngasikhathi sinye kumlawuli we-elekthronikhi, futhi isilawuli se-elekthronikhi siqhumisa zonke iziqhumane zikagesi, okubangela ukuthi amabhande esihlalo aqine futhi ama-airbag avuleke.
Kusukela ekwenzekeni kokushayisana, izinzwa ezithumela izimpawu kumlawuli kuze kube sesikhathini sokwahlulela nokuqhuma kwama-detonator kagesi, kuthatha cishe ama-ms ayi-10. Ngemva kokuqhuma, i-gas generator ikhiqiza inani elikhulu legesi ye-nitrogen, ifutha ngokushesha i-airbag. Kusukela ekwenzekeni kokushayisana kuya ekwakhekeni kwe-airbag, bese kuba ukuqina kwebhande lesihlalo, yonke inqubo ithatha ama-ms angama-30-35. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokuvikela wesistimu ye-airbag muhle kakhulu.
Ngemva kokuba i-airbag iqhumile, ngenxa yenani elikhulu legesi eligeleza e-airbag, ingcindezi ye-airbag iyanda, okungavumeli ukumunca amandla okushayisana. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwe-airbag, kunezimbobo ezimbili zokukhipha igesi zokunciphisa ingcindezi, okuwusizo ekuvikeleni ukuphepha kwabagibeli.
Njengendlela yokusekela ukuphepha kwemoto ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ithola ukunakwa kwabantu kakhulu. Lapho imoto ishayisana nesithiyo, ibizwa ngokuthi ukushayisana okukodwa, bese abagibeli beshayisana nezingxenye zangaphakathi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukushayisana kwesibili. Ngemva kokushayisana okukodwa, isikhwama somoya sivula ngokushesha umcamelo ogcwele igesi, ovumela abagibeli ukuthi "baphumule emcameloni" ngenxa yokungabi namandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthelela kubagibeli futhi kudonse amandla okushayisana, kunciphisa izinga lokulimala kwabagibeli.
Ama-airbag okuphepha athuthuke ngokushesha, amanani ehla kakhulu. Izimoto ezihlome ngama-airbag nazo zishintshe kusukela ezimotweni eziphakathi kuya kweziphezulu zaya ezimotweni eziphakathi kuya kweziphansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izimoto zifake ama-airbag okuphepha kwabagibeli (okungukuthi, imininingwane ye-airbag yokuphepha ephindwe kabili), afana ne-airbag yokuphepha yomshayeli, kuphela ngomthamo omkhulu kanye negesi eningi edingekayo. Kusukela ngawo-1990, ukusebenza kokuphepha kwama-airbag okuphepha kuye kwamukelwa kabanzi futhi kubhekwa njengedivayisi yokuphepha yesimanje nesezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha zama-airbag okuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu kithi ukuze sizivikele kangcono, kodwa kubashayeli, ukushayela ngokuphephile kuyinto eza kuqala, okungekho divayisi yokuphepha ethuthukisiwe engayithatha indawo.
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