Uyini umsebenzi wenzwa ye-crankshaft yemoto?
Inzwa ye-crankshaft (eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa yesivinini senjini) iyinzwa eyinhloko yesistimu yokulawula kagesi yenjini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola indawo ye-crankshaft, isignali ephakathi ephezulu ye-piston, kanye nesivinini senjini, futhi idlulisela amasignali ku-ECU ukulawula isikhathi sokushisa kanye nokujova uphethiloli. Le sensor ivame ukufakwa engxenyeni engaphambili ye-crankshaft, engxenyeni engaphambili ye-camshaft, i-flywheel, noma i-distributor. Idinga ukusebenza ngokubambisana nenzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft.
Ngokomgomo wayo wokusebenza, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: uhlobo lwe-magnetic pulse, uhlobo lwe-Hall, kanye nohlobo lwe-photoelectric: Uhlobo lwe-magnetic pulse lukhiqiza isignali ye-sine wave ngokubangela ushintsho lwensimu yamagnetic ngediski yesignali. Uhlobo lwe-Hall lukhipha isignali ye-square wave ngokusebenzisa i-trigger blade. Uhlobo lwe-photoelectric lukhiqiza i-pulse voltage ngokusebenzisa i-light hole transmission. Uhlobo lwe-Hall ludinga ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle kwe-5V, kanti uhlobo lwe-photoelectric lusengozini yokonakala kokunemba kwesignali ngenxa yokungcoliswa kukawoyela. Amaphutha ajwayelekile afaka ukuphazamiseka kwesignali okubangelwa ukuguga kwezintambo, kanye nobunzima bokuqala ngenxa yenzwa engcolile. Izimo ezingavamile zingase zibangele ukukhanya kwephutha lenjini futhi zibangele amandla anganele noma ukungakwazi ukuqala. Indlela yobuchwepheshe besimanje ikhombisa ukuthambekela kokuvela kwezimpawu ze-analog kuya ekutholakaleni kwedijithali.
Umgomo wokuthola inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft yohlobo lwe-magnetic pulse
Inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft yohlobo lwe-magnetic pulse ye-Nissan Company
Le sensor yesikhundla se-crankshaft ifakwe ngemuva kwe-pulley engxenyeni engaphambili ye-crankshaft. Engxenyeni engemuva ye-pulley, kunediski encane eyindilinga enamazinyo amancane (asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izimpawu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-signal disc), efakwe kanye ne-crankshaft pulley ku-crankshaft futhi ijikeleza ne-crankshaft. Engxenyeni engaphandle yediski yesignali, kukhona izinyo njalo ngo-4° eceleni komjikelezo. Kunamazinyo angama-90 esewonke, kanti ama-protrusion amathathu ahlelwe njalo ngo-120°, esewonke angu-3. Ibhokisi lenzwa elifakwe emaphethelweni ediski yesignali liyijeneretha yesignali ekhiqiza isignali kagesi. Ijeneretha yesignali inamakhanda amathathu kazibuthe azungeze i-magnet ehlala njalo ku-induction coil, lapho ikhanda likamazibuthe ② likhiqiza isignali engu-120°, kanti amakhanda kazibuthe ① kanye no-③ akhiqiza isignali ye-angle ye-crankshaft engu-1°. Ikhanda likamaginethi ② libhekene nokuvela okungu-120° kwediski yesiginali, ikhanda likamaginethi ① kanye no-③ zibhekene nendandatho yegiya yediski yesiginali, kanye nomehluko wesigaba sokufakwa kwe-engeli ye-crankshaft. Ijeneretha yesiginali inezifunda zokukhulisa nokwakha isiginali, kanye nesixhumi sangaphandle esinezimbobo ezine, lapho imbobo "1" ingumugqa wokukhipha isiginali ongu-120°, imbobo "2" ingumugqa wamandla wesifunda sokukhulisa nokwakha isiginali, imbobo "3" ingumugqa wokukhipha isiginali ongu-1°, kanye nembobo "4" ingumugqa womhlaba. Ngalesi sixhumi, isiginali ekhiqizwa yinzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft idluliselwa ku-ECU.
Uma injini ijikeleza, amazinyo kanye nokuvela kwediski yesiginali kubangela ushintsho ensimini yamagnetic edlula kukhoyili yokungeniswa, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize amandla ashintshanayo e-electromotive kukhoyili yokungeniswa. Ngemva kokuhlunga nokubumba, iba isignali yokushaya. Ngemva kokujikeleza okukodwa kwenjini, ikhanda likamagnetic ② likhiqiza izimpawu zokushaya ezingu-3 120°, kanti amakhanda kamagnetic ① kanye ③ ngalinye likhiqiza izimpawu zokushaya ezingu-90 (ezishintshanayo). Njengoba amakhanda kamagnetic ① kanye ③ efakwe esikhawulweni se-angle ye-crankshaft engu-3° futhi ngalinye likhiqiza isignali yokushaya njalo ngo-4°, umehluko wesigaba phakathi kwezibonakaliso zokushaya ezikhiqizwa amakhanda kamagnetic ① kanye ③ ungo-90° ngqo. Lezi zibonakaliso ezimbili zokushaya zithunyelwa kusekethe yokukhulisa nokubumba isignali ukuze kwenziwe, bese kukhiqizwa isignali ye-angle ye-crankshaft engu-1°.
Ikhanda likamagnetic ② elikhiqiza isignali engu-120° lifakwa ku-70° ngaphambi kwesikhungo esifile esiphezulu, ngakho-ke isignali yalo ingabizwa nangokuthi isignali ephakathi esifile esiphezulu engu-70°, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, ikhanda likamagnetic ② likhiqiza isignali yokushaya kwenhliziyo esikhungweni esifile esiphezulu sesilinda ngasinye.
Inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft yohlobo lwe-magnetic pulse yenkampani iToyota Company
Uhlelo lwe-TCCS lweNkampani iToyota lufaka inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft yohlobo lwe-magnetic pulse ku-distributor. Inzwa ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziphezulu nezingezansi, ingxenye ephezulu ikhiqiza isignali ye-G, kanti ingxenye engezansi ikhiqiza isignali ye-Ne, zombili zisebenzisa i-rotor enamazinyo ajikelezayo ukuze kubangele ukuthi ikhoyili yokungenisa yejeneretha yesignali ibe noshintsho lwe-magnetic flux, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize amandla e-electromotive abangelwa ukushintshana kukhoyili yokungenisa, ekhuliswa bese ithunyelwa ku-ECU.
Isignali ye-Ne iyisignali yokuthola i-engeli ye-crankshaft kanye nesivinini senjini, okulingana nesignali ye-1° yenzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft yohlobo lwe-magnetic pulse ye-Nissan Company. Lesi signali sikhiqizwa yi-rotor (i-rotor yesikhathi ye-N0.2) eqiniswe engxenyeni engezansi enamazinyo angu-24 ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo kanye nekhoyili yokuzwa eseduze.
Uma i-rotor ijikeleza, igebe lomoya phakathi kwamazinyo nengxenye ye-flange (ikhanda likamagnetic) le-sensing coil liyashintsha, okubangela ushintsho ensimini kamagnetic edlula kwi-sensing coil futhi ikhiqize amandla e-electromotive abangelwayo. Lapho amazinyo esondela futhi esuka ekhanda likamagnetic, kuzoba noshintsho ekwandeni nasekuncipheni kwe-magnetic flux, ukuze izinyo ngalinye likhiqize isignali ephelele ye-AC voltage kwi-sensing coil lapho idlula ekhanda likamagnetic. I-N0.2 timing rotor inamazinyo angu-24, ngakho-ke lapho i-rotor ijikeleza indilinga eyodwa egcwele (okungukuthi, i-crankshaft ijikeleza ngo-720°), i-sensing coil ikhiqiza izimpawu ze-AC voltage ezingu-24. I-pulse eyodwa yesignali ye-Ne emjikelezweni ilingana no-30° wokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft (720° ÷ 24 = 30°). Ukutholwa kwe-engeli okunembe kakhulu kutholakala ngokuhlukanisa isikhathi sokujikeleza esingu-30° yi-ECU zibe izingxenye ezingu-30 ezilinganayo, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize isignali yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft engu-1°. Ngokufanayo, ijubane lenjini lilinganiswa yi-ECU ngokusekelwe esikhathini esidlulile phakathi kwama-pulse amabili esignali ye-Ne (ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft okungu-60°). Isignali ye-G isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza amasilinda nokuthola indawo ephakathi nendawo ephezulu ye-piston, okulingana nesignali engu-120° yesinzwa sendawo ye-crankshaft ye-magnetic pulse sikaNissan. Isignali ye-G ikhiqizwa yi-flange rotor (i-rotor yesikhathi engu-No.1) ngaphezulu kwe-Ne generator kanye nama-coil ayo amabili okuzwa alinganayo (i-coil yokuzwa ye-G1 kanye ne-coil yokuzwa ye-G2). Umgomo wokukhiqiza isignali ufana nowesignali ye-Ne. Isignali ye-G isetshenziswa futhi njengesignali yokubhekisela yokubala i-angle ye-crankshaft.
Izimpawu ze-G1 kanye ne-G2 ngokulandelana zibona isikhungo esifile esiphezulu sesilinda lesi-6 kanye nesilinda sokuqala. Ngenxa yesikhundla sejeneretha yesignali ye-G1 kanye ne-G2, lapho kukhiqizwa izimpawu ze-G1 kanye ne-G2, i-piston ayikho ngqo esikhungweni esifile esiphezulu (BTDC), kodwa isendaweni engu-10° ngaphambi kwesikhungo esifile esiphezulu.
Ukutholwa kwenzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft ye-magnetic pulse
Thatha inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft ye-magnetic pulse esetshenziswa ohlelweni lokulawula lwe-elekthronikhi lwenjini ye-2JZ-GE ye-Crown 3.0 sedan njengesibonelo ukuze ubonise indlela yayo yokuthola.
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana kwenzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft
Cima iswishi yokushisa, susa isixhumi senzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft, bese ulinganisa amanani okumelana phakathi kwamatheminali enzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft ngokusetha ukumelana kwe-multimeter (Ithebula 1). Uma amanani okumelana engekho ngaphakathi kobubanzi obubekiwe, inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft kumele ishintshwe.
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Inkampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzibophezele ekuthengiseni i-MG&I-MAXUSizingxenye zezimoto zamukelekile ukuthenga.
