Iyini ipani likawoyela lenjini yemoto?
Ipani likawoyela lenjini yemoto, elaziwa nangokuthi "i-crankcase ephansi", liyindlu ekhishwayo nevaliwe etholakala phansi kwenjini. Liyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokugcoba yenjini. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuvala i-crankcase, ukugcina uwoyela wokugcoba, ukuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni, nokusiza ekuqedeni ukushisa okuthile nokuvimbela uwoyela wokugcoba ukuthi ungangcolisi.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko:
- Ukugcinwa nokuvalwa kwamafutha: Njenge "ndawo yokugcina uwoyela" yenjini, iqoqa futhi igcine uwoyela wokugcoba ogeleza uvela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zokungqubuzana, ngenkathi ivala i-crankcase futhi ihlukanisa uthuli lwangaphandle kanye nokungcola.
- Ukushabalalisa ukushisa: Ngesakhiwo sayo, isabalalisa ukushisa okuthile kwamafutha okugcoba emoyeni.
- Kwenza kube lula ukulungisa: Phansi, kukhona "ipulaki yokukhipha uwoyela" ukuze kube lula ukufaka uwoyela esikhundleni sawo; ohlangothini, kukhona "i-dipstick yamafutha" yokuhlola izinga lawoyela.
- Kuqinisa uwoyela: Ngaphakathi, kukhona "i-stabilizing baffle" ukuvimbela uwoyela ukuthi unganyakaziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushayisana kwezimoto noma ukujika, okuqinisekisa ukuthi iphampu kawoyela ingazinzisa ukungena kukawoyela futhi igweme ukuphazamiseka kokuthambisa.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko:
Ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ezahlukene zokugcina nokugcoba, ipani lamafutha lihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Ipani lamafutha elimanzi:
- Izici: Uwoyela ugcinwa ngqo epanini likawoyela, futhi injini igcotshwa uwoyela ochithwayo futhi uphefume ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo kwezingxenye ezifana ne-crankshaft kanye nenduku yokuxhuma.
- Izinzuzo: Isakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokugcinwa okulula.
- Okubi: Kudinga ukuphakama okuqinile kwezinga likawoyela (okuphansi kakhulu kuzoholela ekugcotshweni okunganele, kanti okuphezulu kakhulu kuzokwandisa ukumelana futhi kungabangela ukushiswa kukawoyela); izimoto ezisezintabeni eziphakeme noma ngesikhathi sokushayela ngamandla zivame ukuphazamiseka kokugcoba ngenxa yokunyakaziswa kukawoyela.
- Ukusetshenziswa: Izimoto eziningi zomndeni emakethe zisebenzisa amapani kawoyela amanzi.
- Ipani likawoyela elomile:
- Izici: Ipani lamafutha ngokwalo aligcini uwoyela, kodwa lihlinzekwa yithangi lamafutha langaphandle elizimele kanye namasethi amaningi amaphampu kawoyela, acindezela uwoyela futhi awalethe ezindaweni ezahlukene zokugcoba.
- Izinzuzo: Kunciphisa kakhulu isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi senjini, kuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemoto; kusaqinisekisa ukutholakala kukawoyela okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokushayela ngamandla kanye nokusheshisa okuphezulu ohlangothini, kugwema izingozi "zokuphazamiseka kukawoyela".
- Okubi: Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko eziphezulu, futhi isebenzisa amandla enjini amaningi (njengoba iphampu kawoyela idinga amandla amakhulu ukuze ishayele).
- Isicelo: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zemidlalo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezimotweni zomjaho, njll., ezinezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zokuphatha nokusebenza, njengeLamborghini, njll.
Isakhiwo nezinto zokwakha
Amapani amaningi kawoyela ezimotweni zomndeni enziwe ngamapuleti ensimbi amancane ngokunyathela, ukulinganisela amandla kanye nezindleko.
Amanye amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu asebenzisa i-aluminium casting, futhi angase abe nama-heat dissipation fins ukuze athuthukise umphumela wokupholisa.
Ipulaki yokukhipha uwoyela ivame ukuba ne-magnetism, engamunca imfucumfucu yensimbi emafutheni, inciphise ukuguguleka kwenjini.
Ngamafuphi, yize ipani likawoyela liyingxenye "yengqimba engezansi" yenjini, ukwakheka kwalo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokugcoba, isikhathi sokuphila kwenjini, kanye nokusebenza kwemoto, futhi liyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokugcoba.
Ukwehluleka kwepani likawoyela kwenjini kuzothinta ngqo ukugcotshwa kwenjini, ukushabalaliswa kokushisa, kanye nokusebenza okuvamile. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwehluleka kwepani likawoyela yilezi ezilandelayo:
Izinhlobo zamaphutha amakhulu kanye nezimpawu
- Ukuvuza: Lesi yisenzakalo esivame kakhulu sokwehluleka.
- Ukubonakaliswa: Amabala kawoyela abonakala kahle phansi ngemva kokupaka, futhi izinga le-dipstick kawoyela liphansi kakhulu kunebanga elijwayelekile.
- Imbangela: Iglu yokuvala phakathi kwepani likawoyela kanye nebhulokhi yesilinda igugile noma ayanele, izivalo zikawoyela ezingaphambili nangemuva kwe-crankshaft zigugile futhi zonakele, ibholthi lokukhipha uwoyela lepani likawoyela liyavalwa (ngokuvamile libangelwa ukuqina okukhulu ngesikhathi sokushintsha uwoyela okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 e-Newton-meters), noma ipani likawoyela ngokwalo liyaqhekeka noma liguge ngenxa yokushayisana.
- Ukuguquka noma umonakalo:
- Ukubonakaliswa: Ukubonakala kwepani likawoyela kukhombisa ukuqhekeka noma ukuqhekeka.
- Imbangela: Ipani likawoyela litholakala phansi kwenjini futhi liseduze nomhlabathi, futhi lonakala kalula ngokushayisana nemigwaqo, imigodi, njll. noma ngabe akukho ukuvuza okusheshayo, isakhiwo sangaphakathi kungenzeka ukuthi sesivele sonakele, okubeka ingozi efihliwe.
- Ukwehla komfutho kawoyela nomsindo ongajwayelekile:
Ukusebenza: Isibani sokuxwayisa ngomfutho kawoyela kudeshibhodi siyakhanya; imisindo engavamile ikhishwa lapho injini isebenza, njengokuduma okuphansi, imisindo yokungqubuzana okubukhali, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, imisindo yokushaya kwensimbi.
Izimbangela: Ukulimala kwepani likawoyela kubangela ukuvuza kukawoyela noma ukuntuleka kokunikezwa, okuholela ekutheni izingxenye zangaphakathi zenjini (ezifana nama-bearings, izindlela zama-valve, njll.) zinganeli ukugcotshwa okudingekayo, okubangela ukwanda kokungqubuzana, hhayi nje kuphela ukudala umsindo kodwa futhi okuholela ekugugeni okusheshayo kwezingxenye.
Ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini:
Ukusebenza: Izinga lokushisa lenjini likhuphuka ngendlela engavamile, futhi kwenzeka ngisho "nokubila".
Izimbangela: Uwoyela, ngenkathi uthambisa, nawo unomsebenzi obalulekile wokupholisa. Amaphutha epanini likawoyela avimbela ukugeleza kahle kukawoyela noma ukutholakala okunganele, okuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa kwenjini.
Ukulahlekelwa amandla:
Ukusebenza: Imoto ayinawo amandla okusheshisa futhi isabela kancane.
Izimbangela: Ukugcotshwa kabi kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kwenjini kusebenza ndawonye ukuvimbela injini ukuthi isebenze kahle, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla okukhipha.
Ukungena kwamanzi noma uwoyela (okungavamile kodwa okubi kakhulu):
Ukusebenza: Umbala wamafutha uphenduka ube mhlophe njengobisi, amaconsi amanzi avela kumafutha, isibandisi sincipha ngendlela engavamile, futhi amaconsi amanzi noma inkungu emhlophe ivela echwebeni lokungenisa umoya.
Izimbangela: I-cylinder liner ihlangabezana "nokuqhekeka" noma ukuqhekeka ngenxa "yokuguguleka kwemigodi", okubangela ukuba i-coolant ingene epanini likawoyela; noma i-oil cooler yonakele, uphawu lwamanzi lwephampu yamanzi luyaguga, njll., okubangela ukuba i-coolant ihlangane nohlelo lokugcoba.
Unganquma kanjani ukuthi ipani likawoyela lonakele?
Ukuhlola okunembile: Ngemva kokupaka, bheka ukuthi kukhona yini uwoyela phansi bese uhlola ukuthi izinga likawoyela ku-dipstick liphansi kakhulu.
Qaphela ithuluzi: Qaphela ukuthi isibani sokuxwayisa ngomfutho kawoyela sivuliwe yini.
Lalela imisindo engavamile: Qaphela ukuthi injini ikhipha imisindo engavamile yini.
Ukutholwa kobungcweti: Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuxilonga lezimoto ukuhlola ukuthi ingcindezi kawoyela izinzile yini; noma uphakamise imoto nge-lift bese uhlola ngqo ukubukeka kwepani kawoyela ukuze ubone imifantu, ukuguquka, noma izimpawu zokuvuza.
Isifinyezo kanye neziphakamiso
Imiphumela yomonakalo wepani likawoyela imbi kakhulu. Uma ingaxazululwa ngokushesha, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ibangele umonakalo omkhulu njengokubanjwa yi-cylinder yenjini kanye nokubanjwa yi-bearing. Uma noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla zitholakele, yeka ukushayela ngokushesha bese ucela ukulungiswa kochwepheshe. Ukuze uvimbele amaphutha, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole njalo isimo sokuvala sepani likawoyela, ugweme ukushayela kakhulu kanye nokushayisana kwe-chassis, bese ushintsha isihlungi sikawoyela ne-oyela senjini ngokwesimiso sokulungisa.
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