Umsebenzi wezinzwa zemvelo zezimoto
Inzwa yokushisa kwemvelo yezimoto iyisici esibalulekile esenza imoto ikwazi ukuzwa izinga lokushisa langaphandle. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthola izinga lokushisa elingaphandle kwemoto bese idlulisela lolu lwazi kuyunithi yokulawula kagesi yemoto (i-ECU) ukusekela ukusebenza okuhlakaniphile kwezinhlelo eziningi.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko
Ukulawulwa okunembile kohlelo lokupholisa umoya: Inzwa ihlola njalo izinga lokushisa langaphandle, kanti i-ECU ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukupholisa noma ukuqina kokushisa kwe-air conditioner ngokusekelwe kumehluko wokushisa phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwemoto. Isibonelo, ehlobo elishisayo, i-ECU izokwandisa imvamisa yokusebenza kwe-air conditioner ukuze iphole ngokushesha; ebusika obubandayo, izothuthukisa umphumela wohlelo lokufudumala ukuqinisekisa induduzo ngaphakathi kwemoto.
Lungiselela ukuphathwa kwenjini: Ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi, i-ECU inyusa ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli ngokusekelwe esignalini yokushisa kwemvelo, isiza injini ukuthi iqale kahle futhi ifinyelele izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ngokushesha, inciphise ukuguguleka; ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu, ilungisa ijubane lokujikeleza kwefeni yokupholisa kanye nezinga lokuvula le-thermostat ukuze ithuthukise ukushabalaliswa kokushisa, iqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenjini kanye nokuthuthukisa ukonga uphethiloli.
Siza uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri: Ezimotweni zikagesi, idatha yokushisa kwemvelo isetshenziselwa ukulungisa amasu okushaja nokukhipha ibhethri nokulawula izinhlelo zokupholisa noma zokushisa zebhethri ukuvimbela ukonakala kokusebenza noma ukulimala kwebhethri emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isikhathi sokuphila futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha.
Thuthukisa ukuphepha kokushayela: Ezinye izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zingahlanganisa idatha yokushisa kwemvelo ukuze zithole ukuthi umgwaqo uneqhwa yini futhi zibangele ukulawulwa kokushelela noma izixwayiso kusengaphambili, zisize abashayeli ekubhekaneni nezimo zomgwaqo ezimbi.
Nikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha yezemvelo: Ihlinzeka ngolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela lokushisa lwangaphandle ezinhlelweni zekhompyutha zemoto, izinhlelo zokuzulazula, njll., okusekela ukufezeka kwemisebenzi ehlakaniphile kakhulu.
Ukufakwa kanye nesimiso sokusebenza
Indawo yokufaka: Ngokuvamile ifakwa ebhulakini elingaphambili lebhampa noma phambi kwethangi lamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana ngqo nomoya, ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile noma ukuphazamiseka kwemvula, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokulinganisa.
Isimiso sokusebenza: Ingxenye eyinhloko yi-NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistor, enenani lokumelana elinciphayo njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka futhi likhuphuka njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla. Inzwa iguqula ushintsho lokumelana lube isignali kagesi, ecutshungulwa yi-ECU futhi isetshenziswe ekulawulweni kwesistimu.
Uma le sensor yehluleka, ingabangela ukuthi umoya opholile ungalungiseki ngobuhlakani, kube nobunzima bokuqalisa injini, uhlelo lokupholisa olungajwayelekile, ngisho nokuboniswa okungamanga kwesibani sokushisa kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa njalo nokufakwa kwezingxenye zasefektri zokuqala kubalulekile.
Amaphutha avamile ezinzwa zemvelo zezimoto ngokuvamile abhekisela ezinzwa ezingavamile ezisetshenziswa yimoto ukuzwa indawo engaphandle (njengokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, ingcindezi yomoya, imvula, izithiyo, njll.), okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinhlelo ezihlobene (njenge-air conditioner ezenzakalelayo, izibani zangaphambili ezizenzakalelayo, ama-wiper e-windshield, i-adaptive cruise control, ukupaka okuzenzakalelayo, njll.) ukusebenza kahle. La maphutha angabangelwa izici ezahlukahlukene. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okuphelele okusekelwe olwazini lwakamuva olutholakala emphakathini:
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zamaphutha
Ukumbozwa kokungcola kanye ne-carbon deposits: Izinzwa zemvelo (ezifana nezinzwa zokucindezela kokungenisa, izinzwa zekhwalithi yomoya) zivezwa engxenyeni yenjini noma ngaphandle isikhathi eside futhi zivame ukumbozwa uthuli, uwoyela, kanye nezinhlayiya zokukhipha umoya, okubangela ukuthi indawo yokuzwa iphazanyiswe futhi umphumela wesiginali ungalungile. Isibonelo, inzwa ye-nitrogen oxide yemoto kadizili ingase yehluleke ngenxa yokuvaleka kwezinhlayiya zokukhipha umoya.
Ithonya elikhulu lemvelo: Izimoto zivame ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, amazinga okushisa aphansi, umswakama ophezulu, noma ezindaweni ezinothuli, okusheshisa ukuguga kwezingxenye zenzwa noma kubangele ukuwohloka kokusebenza. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela ukuthi izingxenye zangaphakathi zande futhi ziguquguquke, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa aphansi angenza izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zisabele kancane; uma kwenzeka ukucwiliswa emanzini, uma isixhumi senzwa singangeni manzi, singadala i-short circuit.
Izinkinga zomugqa nokuxhumeka: Izintambo zenzwa zingase zonakaliswe ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwesikhathi eside, ukudlidliza, ungqimba lokuvikela ukuguga, noma i-oxidation kanye nokuxegiswa kwepulagi, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokudluliselwa kwesignali noma ukungazinzi. Lawa maphutha abangela cishe u-40% wokwehluleka kwenzwa futhi avame ukubonakala njengokusebenza okuvamile kokukhanya kwephutha. Umonakalo ongokwenyama kanye nokudlidliza: Izinzwa zemvelo (ezifana nama-radar kanye nezinzwa ze-ultrasonic) ezifakwe ku-bumper, i-chassis, njll. zivame ukukhululeka kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ukuqhekeka kwegobolondo noma ukufuduka ngenxa yokushayisana okuncane, ama-bumps omgwaqo noma ukudlidliza okukhulu, okungathinta ukunemba kokutholwa.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic: Izinhlelo zomsindo ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nezibani ze-LED ezifakwe emotweni (imishini engeyona eyangempela) zingase zibangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, okuthinta ukuzinza kwezimpawu zenzwa.
Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwempilo yesevisi: Ezinye izinzwa zemvelo (njengebhethri eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yezinzwa zokuqapha umfutho wamathayi) zinesikhathi sokuphila esiklanyelwe (cishe iminyaka emi-5-7). Ukuzisebenzisa ngale kwesikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi kungabangela ukuzulazula kwesignali noma ukubambezeleka ngisho noma zingakaphumeleli ngokuphelele.
Ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha okuvamile
I-air conditioner ezenzakalelayo ayikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokwezinga lokushisa langaphandle
Izibani ezizenzakalelayo azikhanyi noma azihlali zikhanya ekushoneni kwelanga noma emihubheni
Ama-wiper e-windscreen aqala kabi uma imvula ingekho noma asebenzi uma lina
Uhlelo lokuhamba ngesikebhe oluguquguqukayo noma uhlelo lokubhuleka oluzenzakalelayo oluphuthumayo luvame ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukwehluleka ukusebenza
Ithuluzi lokuxilonga le-OBD lifunda amakhodi amaphutha ahlobene nezinzwa zemvelo (njenge-P0106, P0110, njll.)
Izixazululo
Funda amakhodi amaphutha kuqala: Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuxilonga le-OBD ukuze ufunde amakhodi amaphutha athile ukuze uthole ngokunembile inzwa enephutha.
Hlola izintambo kanye nezixhumi: Hlola ukuthi izintambo zezinzwa zonakele, izixhumi zi-oxidized noma zikhululekile. Ungaziqaqi wedwa.
Hlanza indawo yokuzwa: Sebenzisa isihlanzi esikhethekile kuma-sensor angahlanzwa (njengezinzwa zokucindezela kokungenisa) futhi ugweme ukuhlanza ngamanzi.
Shintsha izingxenye eziphelelwe yisikhathi: Uma inzwa isetshenziswe ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokuphila esinconywayo (njengezinzwa ze-oxygen ngemuva kwamakhilomitha angu-6-80,000), kunconywa ukuthi uyishintshe ngqo.
Ukuhlolwa kobungcweti: Ukuze uthole izinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-radar namakhamera, kuyadingeka ukuya esitolo sokulungisa sochwepheshe ukuze kulinganiswe noma kushintshwe.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwansuku zonke, gwema ukucwiliswa emanzini njalo, hlanza njalo indawo engaphambili yemoto, sebenzisa uphethiloli namafutha enjini afanelekile, okunganciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokwehluleka kwezinzwa zemvelo.
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