Umgomo wokusebenza kwejeneretha yezimoto, ukuthi ijeneretha isebenza kanjani
Umgomo wokusebenza wejeneretha yezimoto usekelwe emthethweni wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuguqula amandla omshini enjini abe amandla kagesi, ukuhlinzeka ngamandla ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto nokushaja ibhethri. Nansi incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokusebenza kwayo:
Indlela ijeneretha esebenza ngayo
Umthombo wamandla kanye nokuvuselela kokuqala: Uma injini isebenza, iqhutshwa yibhande ukuze ijikelezise i-rotor yejeneretha. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuqalisa kwejeneretha, ibhethri izohlinzeka ngamandla kuma-windings okuvuselela ku-rotor, ifake ama-claw pole e-rotor ezigxotsheni ze-N kanye ne-S, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize insimu yamagnetic.
Ukufakwa kwe-electromagnetic kukhiqiza ugesi oshintshanayo: Njengoba i-rotor ijikeleza ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwe-stator windings, le nsimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo iqhubeka nokusika ama-windings ezigaba ezintathu ku-stator. Ngokomgomo wokufakwa kwe-electromagnetic, kuzokhiqizwa amandla e-electromotive ashintshanayo ezigaba ezintathu (okungukuthi, ugesi oshintshanayo) kuma-stator windings.
Ukulungiswa: Ukushintshana kwamandla kagesi kuya ku-direct current: Amandla kagesi ashintshanayo akhiqizwa yi-stator awakwazi ukunikeza amandla ngqo ohlelweni lukagesi lwe-DC lwemoto (njengezibani, umsindo, i-ECU, njll.) kanye nebhethri. Ngakho-ke, amandla kagesi ashintshanayo ageleza aye ku-rectifier (ngokuvamile isekethe yokulungisa ibhuloho enezigaba ezintathu eyakhiwe ngama-diode ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu), aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi aqondile.
Ukulawulwa kwe-voltage kanye nokukhipha okuzinzile: Isilawuli se-voltage "ubuchopho" bejenereyitha. Sihlala siqapha i-voltage yokukhipha yejenereyitha. Lapho ijubane lenjini lishintsha okubangela ukuguquguquka kwe-voltage yokukhipha, isilawuli silungisa amandla e-magnetic field ngokulawula usayizi wamanje wama-windings okuvuselela, siqinisekise ukuthi i-voltage yokukhipha ihlala izinzile ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele ukusuka ku-13.5V kuya ku-14.5V, sivikela imishini kagesi yemoto.
Ukuzenelisa kanye nokushaja: Lapho i-voltage yokukhipha yejenereyitha ikhuphuka ukuze ilingane ne-voltage yebhethri, isibani sesibonakaliso sokushaja sizocima. Kuleli qophelo, i-excitation current ayisanikezwa yibhethri kodwa yijenereyitha uqobo, ingena esimweni esijwayelekile sokusebenza. Ekugcineni, i-direct current ekhiqizwayo inikeza amandla kuwo wonke amadivayisi kagesi emoto futhi ishaja ibhethri, iqinisekisa amandla anele okuqala okulandelayo.
Ukubambisana kwezingxenye eziyinhloko
I-Rotor: Ikhiqiza insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo, "iqembu elisebenzayo" lokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic.
I-Stator: Iqukethe ama-winding ezigaba ezintathu, okuyi-"passive party" enquma imigqa yamandla kazibuthe ukuze ikhiqize ugesi okhiqizwayo.
I-Rectifier: Isihluthulelo "sokuguqula", esiguqula ugesi oshintshanayo ube ugesi oqondile.
Umlawuli we-Voltage: "Isiqinisi" esiyinhloko, esiqinisekisa i-voltage engaguquki.
I-brashi kanye nendandatho yokushelela: Yethula amandla kagesi kuma-windings e-rotor ajikelezayo (kuma-generator endabuko ohlobo lwe-excitation).
Ngamafuphi, ijeneretha yezimoto iyisistimu yokuguqula amandla kagesi nomshini enembile, lapho ingxenye ngayinye isebenza ngokubambisana ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile nokuthembekile emotweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.
Kunezimpawu ezahlukahlukene lapho ijeneretha iphukile, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa: ukukhanya kwesibani sedeshibhodi, ukukhanya kwezibani kufiphele, ubunzima bokuqala, imishini kagesi engajwayelekile, umsindo noma iphunga elingajwayelekile, njll.
Isibani senkomba yokushaja kudeshibhodi sihlala sivuliwe noma sikhanya: Ngemva kokuba imoto iqalile, isibani senkomba yokushaja kudeshibhodi (isithonjana sebhethri noma uphawu lwe-ALT/GEN) sihlala sivuliwe noma sikhanya, okubonisa iphutha ohlelweni lokushaja.
Izibani ezifiphazayo noma ezikhanyayo zezibani zangaphambili nezibani zedeshibhodi: Ngenxa yokungatholakali kahle kwamandla, izibani zangaphambili nezibani zedeshibhodi ziyafiphaza noma zishintshe nge-accelerator pedal. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu lapho ushayela ebusuku.
Ubunzima bokuqalisa noma ukungakwazi ukuqala: Uma ijeneretha ingakhiqizi ugesi, ibhethri liyaphela, okubangela ubunzima bokuqalisa noma ukungakwazi ukuvutha, kanye nokungakwazi ukuqala futhi ngemva kokuba injini ivaliwe.
Ukuphela okuqhubekayo kwebhethri: Ngisho nangemva kokushaja, amandla ebhethri aphela ngokushesha, okubonakala njengobunzima obuvamile bokuqala noma ibhethri elisha elibuyela ekuphelelweni ngokushesha ngemva kokushintshwa.
Ukusebenza okungajwayelekile kwemishini kagesi: Amafasitela kagesi, izihlalo, umoya opholile, isikrini sokulawula esiphakathi, njll., kusebenza kancane, kuyalibala, noma kuyahluleka ngenxa ye-voltage engazinzile.
Umsindo noma iphunga elingavamile: Lapho ibhande lejenereyitha lishelela, kuba nephunga lerabha elivuthayo; Ama-bearings angaphakathi ayaguga futhi akhiqize umsindo "oqhumayo" noma "oqhumayo".
Ukusebenza kwenjini akuzinzile: I-voltage ephansi yokukhipha amandla evela kujenereyitha ingabangela ukuthi injini inyakaze futhi ibe nesivinini esingazinzile sokungenzi lutho, ngaleyo ndlela ithinte ukuphuma kwamandla.
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