Umsebenzi wesiqandisi samafutha emoto
Isiqandisi samafutha ezimoto siyinto ebalulekile eqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenjini kanye nohlelo lokudlulisa. Umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa likawoyela wenjini ngokushintshana kokushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokugcoba kanye nezingxenye ezinembile ezihlobene nalo zisebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa eliphephile. Imisebenzi ethile ingafingqwa kanje:
Ukupholisa okunembile ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kokushisa: Ngisho nasezinjinini ezipholiswe ngamanzi, izindawo ezishisa kakhulu njenge-piston, izinduku zokuxhuma, kanye nama-turbocharger zisathembela ku-oyela wenjini ukuze zichithe ukushisa. I-oyela cooler ingasusa ngokushesha ukushisa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana, ivimbele izingxenye zensimbi ukuthi zingaguquguquki, ziguge, noma zilahlekelwe ukugcotshwa ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushayela kanzima noma zesikhathi eside zomthwalo ophezulu.
Lungiselela ukusebenza kahle kokushintshana kokushisa ukuze kulondolozwe izinga lokushisa likawoyela elifanele kakhulu: Sisebenzisa izinto ezinokushisa okuphezulu njenge-aluminium nethusi, isibandisi sikawoyela sizinzisa izinga lokushisa likawoyela ngokupholisa amanzi (sisebenzisa isibandisi senjini) noma ukupholisa umoya (sisebenzisa ukuhamba komoya kusuka ekushayeleni), silawula izinga lokushisa likawoyela ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele kakhulu lika-80–120°C. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezingenasibandisi sikawoyela, singanciphisa izinga lokushisa lengxenye eyinhloko cishe ngo-15°C.
Qinisekisa uhlelo lokugcoba futhi wandise isikhathi sokuphila kwengxenye: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukubola kanye nokuwohloka kwamafutha, anciphise ukusebenza kwawo kokugcoba. Isithambisi samafutha singalibazisa ngempumelelo le nqubo, sandise isikhathi sokushintsha uwoyela; ngesikhathi esifanayo, siqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezinembe kakhulu njenge-turbocharger kanye nemizimba yama-valve okudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo zithola ukudluliswa kwe-hydraulic okuzinzile kanye nokugcoba, kunciphisa ingozi yokwehluleka kwe-15% kokushisa ngokweqile kwamafutha.
Kufanelekela izimo ezahlukene zokushayela: Ama-cooler kawoyela apholile ngamanzi afanelekela izimo zokuminyana emadolobheni, kanye nokushabalalisa ukushisa okuzinzile; lawo apholile emoyeni afaneleka kakhulu ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu, kusetshenziswa ukuhamba komoya kwemvelo ukuze kuphole kahle futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ohlelweni lonke.
Ezimotweni ezifakwe izinjini ezine-turbocharger noma ama-transmissions azenzakalelayo, i-oyela cooler esebenza kahle ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kwemishini kanye nokuphepha kokushayela.
Ukwehluleka kwesithambisi sikawoyela sezimoto (okungukuthi, isithambisi sikawoyela) kuzothinta ngqo izinhlelo zokugcoba nokupholisa zenjini, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza noma ngisho nomonakalo omkhulu. Okulandelayo isifinyezo sezibonakaliso zaso ezivamile zokwehluleka, izimbangela, kanye nemiphumela:
Ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha amakhulu:
Ingxube kawoyela neyokupholisa: Ifilimu kawoyela noma igwebu elimhlophe elifana nobisi livela ethangini lamanzi noma ethangini lokunweba, noma izinga lokuvimbela ukuqandisa lehla ngendlela engavamile. Lesi isibonakaliso esivamile esibonisa ukuthi ipayipi langaphakathi le-oyela cooler liqhumile futhi uwoyela ungene ohlelweni lokupholisa.
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likawoyela: Isibani sesixwayiso sokushisa okuphezulu senjini siyakhanya, noma izinga lokushisa likawoyela lihlala liphakeme kunezinga elijwayelekile (ngokuvamile ngaphezu kuka-105°C) njengoba kufundwe yithuluzi lokuxilonga, okubonisa ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kokusabalalisa ukushisa kwesistimu yokupholisa.
Umfutho kawoyela ongajwayelekile: Umfutho kawoyela ophansi ungabangelwa ukuvaleka noma ukuvuza ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokupholisa, okuholela ekunganele komfutho kawoyela kwisekethe kawoyela.
Ukuvuza kwangaphandle: Iminonjana yokuvuza kwamafutha ingatholakala emzimbeni we-oyili cooler noma emipayipini exhumanisayo, ngokuvamile ebangelwa ama-gasket agugayo, izivalo eziqhekekile, noma amaphutha okushisela.
Umphumela wokupholisa oncishisiwe: Ifeni yokupholisa ayijikelezi, amaphiko okupholisa avinjiwe uthuli noma izinto zakwamanye amazwe, okuholela ekujikelezeni komoya okungekuhle futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kwesipholile sikawoyela esipholile emoyeni.
Ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini: Ngenxa yokungakwazi kukawoyela ukuqeda ukushisa ngempumelelo, izinga lokushisa lenjini lilonke liyakhuphuka, okungase kubangele ukuqhuma, ukulahlekelwa amandla, nezinye izinkinga.
Izimbangela ezivamile zamaphutha:
Ukuqhekeka kweqhwa lasebusika: Ezindaweni ezibandayo, uma amanzi okupholisa engakhishwa ngokuphelele, amapayipi noma amagobolondo ethusi ayakhula ngenxa yokuqandisa nokuqhekeka, okuyimbangela evame kakhulu yomonakalo kuma-cooler kawoyela apholile ngamanzi.
Amaphutha okukhiqiza noma okuhlanganisa: Ukuqhekeka okuncane emapayipini okupholisa, ukushisela okungekuhle, noma ukufakwa okungafanele kwama-gasket, okuthuthuka kancane kancane kube ukuvuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isikali kanye nokuvinjelwa: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanzi, udaka lwamafutha, noma ukungcola kuqongelela ezindongeni zangaphakathi zamapayipi okupholisa, okwandisa ukumelana nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokushintshana kokushisa.
Ukuguga kwendandatho yokuvala: Indandatho yokuvala ephakathi kwesivalo sokugcina negobolondo iyahluleka ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu nokuguga, okubangela ukuba uwoyela noma i-coolant iphume.
Ukugqwala kwamabhulokhi wamanzi: Ibhulokhi lamanzi (ipulaki) elisebhulokhini lesilinda senjini ligqwala ngamanzi, okubangela ukuthi amanzi apholile ageleze abuyele endaweni yamafutha futhi angcolise uwoyela.
Ukucindezela kwesistimu okungavamile: Ama-valve agcwele amanzi angasebenzi kahle noma ukucindezela kukawoyela okuphezulu kakhulu kungabangela ukuthi isibandisi sikawoyela sithwale ukucindezela okukhulu futhi sonakale.
Imiphumela engaba khona:
Uma kungaxazululwa ngokushesha, ukwehluleka kokupholisa uwoyela kuzobangela ukusabela kweketanga:
Ukusebenza kokugcotshwa kukawoyela kuyawohloka, okwenza izingxenye zenjini zangaphakathi (njenge-crankshaft, indlela ye-valve) zibe zimbi kakhulu;
Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokupholisa kwehla, okuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwenjini, ekudonseni isilinda, ngisho nasemotweni;
Uwoyela oxubile namanzi kuzolimaza uwoyela wokudlulisa (wezimoto ezishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo), okuthinta ukushelela kokushintsha igiya.
Izincomo kanye nokuvimbela:
Ukuhlolwa Okuvamile: Naka ukuthi umbala kawoyela uxutshwe yini, ukuthi i-coolant ayijwayelekile yini, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini isibani sesixwayiso esishisa kakhulu kudeshibhodi.
Ukulungiswa Kwasebusika: Ngaphambi kokupaka isikhathi eside noma ukungena endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphansi, qiniseka ukuthi ukhipha amanzi ohlelweni lokupholisa, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikadizili nezimoto zezentengiselwano.
Ukulungiswa kobungcweti: Uma kutholwa ukukhubazeka, kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele isikhungo sokulungisa sobungcweti ngokushesha ukuze kuhlolwe ingcindezi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-endoscopy ukuze ugweme umonakalo wesibili wokuhlukaniswa.
Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe, kunconywa ukuthi ubheke incwadi yokulungisa imoto noma usebenzise ithuluzi lokuxilonga le-OBD ukuze ufunde idatha yesensa yokushisa kawoyela.
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Inkampani Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. uzibophezele ekuthengiseni i-MG&I-MAXUSizingxenye zezimoto zamukelekile ukuthenga.
