Izimpawu nezindlela zokulungisa iphampu kawoyela yemoto enephutha
Izimpawu zephampu kawoyela yemoto eyonakele zifaka phakathi ukusebenza kwesibani esixwayisa ngomfutho kawoyela, umsindo wenjini ongajwayelekile, ubunzima bokuqala, ukulahleka kwamandla, kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kwenjini. Ukulungiswa kudinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe okulandelwa ukushintshwa kwezingxenye ezonakele. Nansi incazelo eningiliziwe:
Izimpawu ezivamile zephampu kawoyela eyonakele
Iphampu kawoyela enephutha ingabangela ukugcotshwa kwenjini okunganele, okuholela ezimbonakalisweni ezilandelayo ezijwayelekile:
Isibani sesixwayiso somfutho kawoyela siyakhanya: Isithonjana sethangi likawoyela elibomvu kudeshibhodi sisakhanya, sibonisa umfutho kawoyela ophansi (umfutho ojwayelekile wokungenzi lutho ungama-20-60 psi), okungase kubangelwe ukuguguleka kwephampu noma ukuvaleka.
Umsindo wenjini ongajwayelekile: Imisindo yokungqongqoza kwensimbi (njengokuthi "ukungqubuzana") yenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo noma ngesivinini esikhulu, ngenxa yokungagcwalisi ngokwanele, okubangela ukungqubuzana okwandisiwe kwezingxenye.
Ubunzima bokuqala noma ukulahlekelwa amandla: Isikhathi eside sokuthungela, ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka noma ukugxumagxuma, ngenxa yokungakwazi kukawoyela ukupompa ngempumelelo ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile (njenge-pistons, i-crankshaft).
Ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini: Ukungasebenzi kahle kokujikeleza kukawoyela kuholela ekuhlulekeni kokushisa ekupholiseni, kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okungavamile, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase "kubilise".
Ezinye izimpawu zesixwayiso: Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela ngokushesha (akukho zindawo zokuvuza), intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emsipheni wokukhipha (ukusha kukawoyela) noma isibani sephutha lenjini sivuliwe.
Izindlela nezinyathelo zokulungisa
Ukulungiswa kwephampu kawoyela kudinga imishini yobungcweti futhi akukwazi ukuphathwa nguwe:
Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga: Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuxilonga le-OBD ukuze ufunde amakhodi amaphutha ukuze ubone ukuthi ahlobene yini nephampu kawoyela.
Kala ingcindezi kawoyela (ngaphansi kwama-psi angu-20 kudinga ukuqapha) bese uhlola ikhwalithi kawoyela (ukuguquguquka noma ukugoba kubonisa ukujikeleza kwegazi okungajwayelekile).
Shintsha izingxenye: Uma umzimba wephampu uqinisekisiwe ukuthi wonakele (njengokuguguleka kwangaphakathi noma imifantu), inhlanganisela yokuqala yephampu kawoyela yasefektri idinga ukushintshwa.
Shintsha uwoyela nesihlungi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze ugweme insalela yokungcola.
Izincomo ezengeziwe:
Yima ngokushesha: Uma isibani sesixwayiso sivuliwe, ukuqhubeka nokushayela kungabangela ukuxhuzula kwesilinda senjini.
Khetha isikhungo sokulungisa esidumile: Izitolo ze-4S noma izikhungo zobungcweti zingaqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhlolwa (njengokuhlolwa komfutho kaphethiloli).
Umsebenzi wepompo kawoyela ohlelweni lokugcoba: Umsebenzi wepompo kawoyela ukuphakamisa uwoyela ufinyelele ekucindezelweni okuthile bese uphoqa ukuthi ulethwe ezindaweni ezihambayo zengxenye ngayinye yenjini. Isakhiwo sepompo kawoyela singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwegiya kanye nohlobo lwe-rotor. Ipompo kawoyela yohlobo lwegiya ihlukaniswe futhi ngohlobo lwegiya lokuxhuma langaphakathi kanye nohlobo lwegiya lokuxhuma langaphandle. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwamuva kubizwa ngokuthi ipompo kawoyela yohlobo lwegiya.
Le ngxenye isetshenziselwa ukwandisa ingcindezi kawoyela nokuqinisekisa inani elithile lokuhlinzekwa kukawoyela, okuphoqa ukuthi uwoyela unikezwe endaweni ngayinye yokungqubuzana. Izinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi zisebenzisa kakhulu amaphampu kawoyela ohlobo lwegiya nohlobo lwe-rotor. Iphampu kawoyela ohlobo lwegiya inesakhiwo esilula, ukucubungula okulula, ukusebenza okuthembekile, impilo yenkonzo ende, ingcindezi kawoyela ohlobo lwe-pomp ephezulu, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi. Iphampu ye-rotor inesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi icindezelwa kakhulu kusetshenziswa i-powder metallurgy. Le phampu inezinzuzo ezifanayo nephampu yegiya, kodwa incane, incane ngobuningi, futhi inezinzuzo ezifanayo.
Izici zephampu kawoyela yohlobo lwegiya ukusebenza okuthembekile, isakhiwo esilula, ukukhiqizwa okulula, umfutho ophezulu kawoyela wephampu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Uma injini isebenza, igiya lokushayela eliku-camshaft lishayela igiya lokudlulisa lephampu kawoyela, okwenza igiya elisebenzayo elixhunywe kushaft yegiya lokushayela lijikeleze, ngaleyo ndlela lishayela i-drive gear lijikeleze kusuka kugiya lokushayela liye kolunye uhlangothi, lithumela uwoyela usuka ekamelweni lokungenisa eduze kwesikhala samazinyo kanye nodonga lwephampu uye ekamelweni lokuphuma. Ngakho-ke, kwakheka ingcindezi ephansi ekamelweni lokungenisa, okwenza ukumuncwa, futhi kudonswe uwoyela usuka epanini likawoyela ungene ekamelweni. Ngenxa yokujikeleza okuqhubekayo kwamagiya amakhulu kanye nasuka kuwo, uwoyela uphonswa njalo uye ezingxenyeni ezidingekayo.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza
Iphampu kawoyela isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini zokushisa zangaphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idlala indima ethile emikhakheni ye-semiconductor, amandla elanga, i-LCD kanye neminye imikhakha yobunjiniyela. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, iphampu kawoyela yezimoto - iphampu ye-cycloidal rotor isetshenziswe emishinini yokuthunga, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izinhlelo zokugcoba ezizenzakalelayo ezivalekile ngokuphelele, njengezithungi kanye nemishini yokucindezela.
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