Uyini umsebenzi wesibuko esibuyisela emuva semoto?
Isibuko sokubuka ngemuva, esaziwa nangokuthi ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva, singenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zokuphepha zemoto, esetshenziswa ukubheka izimo zangemuva nezecala ngenkathi ushayela futhi ubuyela emuva. Sasungulwa ngumshayeli womjaho wesifazane waseBrithani uDorothy ngo-1911. Ngokwendawo yokufakwa kwaso, sihlukaniswe kakhulu izibuko zokubuka ngemuva zangaphandle, izibuko zokubuka ngemuva zangaphakathi, kanye nezibuko zokubuka ngemuva ezingezansi.
Ubuso besibuko buvame ukusebenzisa umklamo obanzi ukuze kwandiswe insimu yokubona nokususa izindawo ezingaboni. Izibuko zanamuhla ezibuka emuva sezithuthuke zaba amadivayisi okuphepha ahlakaniphile anemisebenzi eminingi efana nokushisa, ukugoqwa kukagesi, kanye nokuqapha izindawo ezingaboni. Ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izibuko ezibuka emuva zikagesi ezithatha indawo yamalensi angokwenyama ngamakhamera ziye zavela.
Isibuko sokubuka ngemuva, esaziwa nangokuthi isibuko sokubuka ngemuva semoto, siyithuluzi lokuphepha emotweni elisetshenziselwa ukubona izimo zangemuva nezezinhlangothi. Ngokwendawo yaso yokufaka, singahlukaniswa sibe yizibuko zokubuka ngemuva zangaphandle, izibuko zokubuka ngemuva zangaphakathi, kanye nezibuko zokubuka ngemuva ezingezansi; ngokohlobo lobuso besibuko, kunezibuko eziyisicaba kakhulu, izibuko eziqondile, izibuko ezigobile kabili, kanye nezibuko zokubuka ngemuva ze-elekthronikhi. Isibuko sokubuka ngemuva sangaphandle ngokuvamile siyisibuko esiqondile, esinesithombe esiqondile nesinciphile, esinikeza insimu enkulu yokubona futhi esiza ekunciphiseni izindawo ezingaboni; isibuko sokubuka ngemuva sangaphakathi ikakhulukazi siyisibuko esiyisicaba, esinesithombe sangempela nesingenaphutha.
Ngaphakathi emotweni, kuvame ukufakwa isibuko sokubuka emuva esingakhanyi, esiqukethe isibuko esikhethekile, ama-photodiode amabili, kanye nesilawuli se-elekthronikhi. Isilawuli se-elekthronikhi samukela izimpawu zokukhanya zangaphambili nezangemuva ezithunyelwa yi-photodiode. Uma umthombo wokukhanya ukhanya esibukweni sangaphakathi esingemuva, uma ukukhanya kwangemuva kunamandla kunokukhanya kwangaphambili, isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sizokhipha i-voltage kungqimba oluqhubayo. I-voltage ishintsha umbala wesendlalelo se-electrochemical ebusweni besibuko, uma i-voltage iphakeme, kulapho umbala wesendlalelo se-electrochemical umnyama khona. Ngalesi sikhathi, noma ngabe ukukhanya okunamandla kukhanya esibukweni esingemuva, ukukhanya okuvela esibukweni sangaphakathi esingaphandle esikhanyisiwe kuya emehlweni omshayeli kuzoba mnyama, hhayi okukhazimulayo.
Izinhlobo zamaphutha esibukweni sokubuka ngemuva semoto (okungukuthi, ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva) ziyahlukahluka, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa: ukungasebenzi kahle kwendlela yokulungisa, ukujima kwemishini, ukwehluleka kohlelo lwe-elekthronikhi, ubuso besibuko obungajwayelekile, kanye nomsebenzi wokugoqa ongajwayelekile. Lokhu okulandelayo amaphutha avamile kanye nezimbangela zawo, ahlelwe ngokolwazi lwakamuva:
Izinhlobo zamaphutha amakhulu kanye nezimbangela
Ukwehluleka komsebenzi wokulungisa ugesi
Iphutha leswishi yokulungisa: Ukuxinana, ukuguguleka, noma ukuminyana koxhumana nabo bangaphakathi kuswishi, okuholela ekungakwazini ukuthumela imiyalelo.
Inkinga yomugqa wokuphakelwa kukagesi: Ukuncibilika kwefuse, ukuphuka kwenqwaba yezintambo, ukuxhumana okuxegayo, noma ukulunywa amagundane, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kukagesi.
Umonakalo wenjini yokulungisa: Ukuguguleka kwamabhulashi ekhabhoni enjinini, ukushiswa kwekhoyili, noma ukwehla kokusebenza ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, okuholela ekungakwazini ukushayela isibuko.
Ukuminyana kwesethi yegiya noma umonakalo: Amagiya epulasitiki ekugcineni kokuphuma kwenjini ngenxa yokungagcwalisi ngokwanele, ukuguga, noma umthelela wangaphandle, okubangela "ukungabi namsindo kodwa ukungahambi kahle".
Ukwehluleka kwemodyuli yokulawula umzimba (i-BCM): Amanye amamodeli aphathwa yi-BCM njengohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lokulungisa isibuko sangemuva. Amaphutha ohlelo noma ukwehluleka kwehadiwe kumodyuli kungabangela ukwehluleka kwesistimu, okuvame ukuhambisana neminye imisebenzi ye-elekthronikhi efana namafasitela nezibani ezingasebenzi kahle.
Ukujiya noma ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo semishini
Ukuminyana kwezinto zangaphandle: Uthuli, iqhwa, noma izinto zangaphandle ezingena ekuxhumaneni phakathi komzimba wesibuko nesisekelo, okubangela ukumelana okukhulu.
Ukuguquka kohlaka noma induku yokuxhuma: Ukugoba kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi semishini ngenxa yokushayisana noma ukudlidliza kwesikhathi eside, okwenza isibuko sehluleke ukuhamba ngendlela evamile.
Ukuqandisa ebusika: Ubuso besibuko kanye negobolondo kuyaqandisa ndawonye emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okwenza kube lula ukulimaza injini uma uyilungisa ngamandla.
Izinkinga ezihlobene nesibuko
Ukubona okungacacile: Ukungcola, amabala amanzi, ukuxebuka kwesembozo, noma ukufiphala ebusweni besibuko, okuthinta ukubonwa ebusuku noma lapho lina.
Ukuqhekeka noma ukuwa kwesibuko: Ukuqhekeka kwesibuko ngenxa yokushayisana noma ukuguga, noma ukuxega kweziqeshana zokulungisa.
Ukwehluleka komsebenzi wokugoqa okuzenzakalelayo
Ukwehluleka kwenjini noma igiya: Njengomshini wokulungisa, injini egoqekayo yonakele noma amagiya agugile, okuholela ekungakwazini ukwelula noma ukuhoxa.
Ukwehluleka kwenzwa noma kwesofthiwe: Amanye amamodeli athembele kuma-sensor ukuze anqume isimo sokugoqa, ukwahlulela okungalungile kwesofthiwe noma ukufaniswa okungalungile kwamamojula kungabangela ukuthi umsebenzi wehluleke.
Ukukhululeka kwezikulufo okulungisiwe: Isikulufo esixhumanisa isibuko sangemuva nomzimba wemoto sikhululekile, sithinta ukuzinza kokugoqeka.
Ukwehluleka komsebenzi wokushisa (amanye amamodeli afakiwe) Intambo yokushisa iphukile, i-fuse ivukile, noma i-control module inephutha, okubangela ukuthi umsebenzi wokuncibilikisa nokususa umswakama welensi wehluleke.
Iziphakamiso zokuxazulula izinkinga:
Ukuhlola okubalulekile: Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuthi i-fuse iqhumile yini, bese uhlola ukuthi iswishi yokulungisa iyaphendula yini.
Ukuphatha okulula: Sula iqhwa nokungcola kulensi, bese uzama ukunqamula i-terminal engemihle yebhethri ukuze uqale kabusha uhlelo.
Ukuxilongwa kobungcweti: Uma kuhilela injini, izintambo, noma imodyuli yokulawula, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuxilonga ukuze ufunde ikhodi yephutha (njenge-P0950, U1000), futhi uyilungise nguchwepheshe ochwepheshe ukuze ugweme umonakalo wesibili obangelwa yi.
Isikhumbuzo sokuphepha: Isibuko sokubuka ngemuva siyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kokushayela. Noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kufanele kuxazululwe ngokushesha. Ungashayeli ngesibuko esinephutha.
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