Isho ukuthini inzwa ye-crankshaft yemoto?
Inzwa ye-crankshaft, eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft, iyinzwa eyinhloko ohlelweni lokulawula i-elekthronikhi yenjini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola indawo yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft, isignali ephakathi ephezulu ye-piston, kanye nesivinini senjini, futhi inikeza idatha ebalulekile kuyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU) ukulawula isikhathi sokusha kanye nesikhathi sokujova uphethiloli. Isimiso sokusebenza senzwa ye-crankshaft sincike ohlotsheni lwayo, oluhlanganisa kakhulu uhlobo lokungeniswa kwe-magnetic-electric, uhlobo lomphumela we-Hall, kanye nohlobo lwe-photoelectric. Uhlobo lokungeniswa kwe-magnetic-electric lukhiqiza amasignali ngokufakwa kwe-electromagnetic, uhlobo lomphumela we-Hall lukhomba indawo kusetshenziswa izinguquko ze-voltage ye-Hall, kanti uhlobo lwe-photoelectric ludlulisela ulwazi ngokuvinjelwa kwembobo yokukhanya kanye nokuguqulwa kwesignali ye-photoelectric; lezi zinzwa zivame ukusebenza ngokubambisana nenzwa yesikhundla se-camshaft ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile i-angle ye-crankshaft kanye nejubane le-angular, kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwesikhathi sokusha kanye nesikhathi sokujova uphethiloli. Umsebenzi wayo ubalulekile, hhayi nje kuphela ukunquma izikhathi zokusha kanye nokujova uphethiloli, kodwa futhi nokuhlaziya ukushintshashintsha kwe-angle ye-crankshaft ukuze kutholakale ukuqhuma kabi kwenjini kanye nokunikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha yokulawula okungasebenzi kanye nokulawula ukuhwamuka kukaphethiloli. Ekunakekelweni kwezimoto, amaphutha avamile enzwa ye-crankshaft afaka phakathi ukulahleka kwesiginali noma ukuphazamiseka, okungase kubangele ubunzima ekuqaleni kwenjini, ukungasebenzi kahle, noma ukulahleka kwamandla; izindlela zokuthola zivame ukuhilela ukuhlola ukuxhumana kwezintambo, amasignali okukhipha, noma amanani okumelana nezinzwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile.
Amaphutha avamile enzwa ye-crankshaft ahlanganisa ukulahlekelwa noma ukuphazamiseka kwesiginali, okungase kubangele ubunzima ekuqaleni kwenjini, ukungasebenzi kahle, noma ukulahlekelwa amandla; izindlela zokuthola zivame ukuhilela ukuhlola ukuxhumana kwezintambo, izimpawu zokukhipha noma amanani okumelana nezinzwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile.
Ukwehluleka kwenzwa ye-crankshaft kungaholela ezimpawini ezifana nokwehluleka kwenjini ukuqala, ukushaqeka okungahambi kahle kanye nesikhathi sokufakwa kukaphethiloli, ukudlidliza kwenjini okwandisiwe kanye nokuvala ukusheshisa, njll., futhi kuyadingeka ukuyihlola nokuyishintsha ngesikhathi.
Izimpawu zokuqalisa kanye nokusebenza okungajwayelekile
Ukwehluleka kwenzwa ye-crankshaft kuthinta ngqo isikhathi sokushiswa kanye nesikhathi sokujova uphethiloli kwenjini, futhi kubonakala kanje:
Ubunzima bokuqala noma ukungakwazi ukuqala: Ngenxa yokungakwazi kwenzwa ukunikeza isignali yokuma kwe-crankshaft, i-ECU (iyunithi yokulawula injini) ayikwazi ukulawula ukushaqeka kanye nokujova uphethiloli, okuholela esikhathini sokuqala esingaphezu kwemizuzwana emi-5 noma ukwehluleka kokushaqeka okuningi, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ugesi onamandla aphezulu kanye nokujova uphethiloli kuyanqanyulwa.
Ukudlidliza kwenjini nokulahlekelwa amandla:
Ukungenzi lutho okungazinzile: Ijubane lenjini lishintshashintsha ngokungajwayelekile phakathi kuka-600-1200 rpm, futhi umsindo wesiteringi usobala.
Ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka: Ijubane lenjini kunzima ukulidlula i-3000 rpm uma ukhuphuka, futhi ipayipi lokukhipha umoya lingakhipha imisindo eqhumayo noma intuthu emhlophe (ngenxa yokusha okungaphelele).
Ingozi yokuvala injini ngesikhathi sokushayela: Ukuphazamiseka kwamandla okungazelelwe kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokushayela ngesivinini esikhulu, bese i-ECU ingena kwimodi yokuvikela bese icima ngenkani, okuyingozi kakhulu.
Imisebenzi yesistimu kanye nezimpawu zesixwayiso
Ukwehluleka kwesistimu ye-elekthronikhi:
Imisebenzi efana nokulawula ukuhamba ngesikebhe, ukuyeka ukuqala okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokubhuleka kwe-exhaust kuyaphazamiseka ngqo.
Isibani sephutha sihlala sivuliwe noma sikhanya, futhi amanye amamodeli aqala ama-alamu okuxhumanisa e-EPS/ABS.
Ukukhishwa okungavamile komoya kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli: Kukhishwa intuthu emhlophe eqhubekayo enephunga elifana nelikaphethiloli, inzwa ye-oxygen ibika ikhodi yephutha lokungalingani kwengxube kaphethiloli, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyanda kakhulu.
Umehluko ekubonakalisweni kobukhulu bephutha
Iphutha elincane: Imoto ibuthakathaka lapho ishayela phezulu, impendulo ye-accelerator iyashesha, kodwa ukusebenza kwamandla akushintshi kakhulu.
Iphutha elikhulu: Ayikwazi nhlobo ukuqala, futhi injini ingenza umsindo we-piston eshaya ivalvu (kumamodeli amadala).
Uma inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft yenjini ihluleka, imoto izobonisa izimpawu ezifana nokuqala okungajwayelekile, ukulahleka kwamandla, ukudlidliza okwandisiwe, kanye nokukhanya kwephutha okuvuliwe, kanje:
Ukuqala okungavamile
Ukulahlekelwa isignali yenzwa kuzobangela ukushaqeka okungahlelekile kanye nesikhathi sokufakwa kukaphethiloli, okubonakaliswa kanje:
Ubunzima bokuqala ngokubandayo: Kudinga imizamo eminingi ukuze kuvuthe, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, akukwazi nhlobo ukuqala.
Isandiso sesikhathi sokuqalisa: Isikhathi sokujikeleza kwenjini side kakhulu, futhi kungase kube nemisindo engavamile.
Izinkinga zokushayela
Iphutha libangela ukungalingani kwesistimu yamandla, futhi izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:
Ukusheshisa okubuthakathaka: Impendulo yokukhwela noma yokudlula iyancipha, futhi i-accelerator pedal kumele icindezelwe ngokuphelele ukuze ikhuphule isivinini.
Ukudlidliza okungenamsebenzi: Injini iyadlidliza ngamandla uma ipakwe, futhi isiteringi noma isihlalo sinomsindo osobala.
Ukukhishwa kwentuthu emhlophe: Ukusha okungaphelele kubangela ukuthi kukhishwe intuthu emhlophe epayipini lokukhipha umoya. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyakhula: Ngenxa yokulawulwa okungalungile kokujova uphethiloli, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kwehla.
Ukwehluleka kwesistimu ye-elekthronikhi
Izimpawu zenzwa ezingavamile zizobangela ukusabela kweketanga:
Isibani sephutha siyakhanya: Isibani sephutha senjini kudeshibhodi sihlala sikhanya noma sikhanya.
Ukwehluleka kokusebenza: Izinhlelo zokulawula ukuhamba ngesikebhe kanye nokubopha i-exhaust azikwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Ingozi yokuvala injini: Injini ingase ivale ngokuzumayo ngenkathi ishayela ngesivinini esikhulu, okubangela izingozi zokuphepha.
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