Kusho ukuthini ukuthi "inzwa yezemvelo yemoto"?
Izinzwa zemvelo zezimoto zivame ukubhekisela kuzinzwa zokushisa kwemvelo, okuyizinto ezisezimotweni ezisetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphandle. Zisebenza "njengezinzwa zokushisa" zemoto, zisiza izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi zezimoto ukuqonda izimo zezulu zangaphandle.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesenzwa yokushisa kwemvelo ukukala izinga lokushisa langaphandle nokuhlinzeka ngedatha kuyunithi yokulawula kagesi (i-ECU). Inzwa isebenza ngokusekelwe esimisweni se-thermistor, lapho inani layo lokumelana lishintsha khona ngokushisa, iguqula isignali yokushisa ibe isignali kagesi bese iyithumela ku-ECU. Ngokuvamile ifakwe ngaphambili kwemoto (njengohlaka lwethangi lamanzi noma i-bumper bracket) ukuqinisekisa ukuqonda okunembile kwezinga lokushisa kwemvelo.
Le sensor ibalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimoto:
Uhlelo lokupholisa umoya: I-ECU ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuqina kokupholisa noma kokushisa ngokusekelwe kumehluko phakathi kwamazinga okushisa angaphandle nangaphakathi ukuze igcine ikhabhini ikhululekile.
Ukuphathwa kwenjini: Kusiza ukulungisa amapharamitha afana nomthamo wokufakwa kukaphethiloli kanye nesikhathi sokusha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi injini isebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa ahlukene.
Izinhlelo zebhethri nezokuphepha: Ezimotweni zikagesi, kusiza ekuphathweni kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri; futhi kuthinta namasu anjengokumisa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Uma inzwa yehluleka, ingabangela ukulawulwa komoya opholile okungafanele noma ukwehla kokusebenza kwenjini. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukuxhumana kwezintambo, kanye namanani okumelana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kujwayelekile.
Izinzwa zemvelo zezimoto, ikakhulukazi izinzwa zokushisa kwemvelo, ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu yokulawula kagesi yemoto, ebhekene kakhulu nokuthola izinga lokushisa kwemvelo ngaphandle nokuguqula idatha ibe amasignali kagesi ukuze idluliselwe ku-ECU ukusekela ukulawula okuhlakaniphile kwezinhlelo eziningi.
Kuhlelo lokupholisa umoya, inzwa iqapha izinga lokushisa langaphandle, kanti i-ECU ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo imvamisa ye-compressor yokupholisa umoya, amandla okupholisa, noma amandla okushisa ngokusekelwe kumehluko phakathi kwamazinga okushisa angaphakathi nangaphandle. Isibonelo, ithuthukisa ukupholisa uma kushisa futhi iqala ukufudumala uma kubanda, iqinisekisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi elisheshayo nelikhululekile.
Ngokuphathwa kwenjini, idatha yokushisa enikezwa yi-sensor isiza i-ECU ukuthi ithuthukise amasu okusebenza, njengokwandisa ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli ukuze kube lula ukuqala nokunciphisa ukuguguleka emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kanye nokulungisa isivinini sefeni lokupholisa kanye nokuvulwa kwe-thermostat emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushabalaliswa kokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukonga uphethiloli kanye nokuzinza.
Ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwebhethri (ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikagesi), inzwa iqapha umthelela wokushisa kwangaphandle emsebenzini webhethri, kanti i-ECU ilungisa amasu okushaja/okukhipha ibhethri noma izinhlelo zokulawula ukushisa eziqalayo ngokufanele, ivimbele ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukwehla kokusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi, yandisa impilo yebhethri futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha yezinzwa isiza nekhompyutha yokushayela, uhlelo lokuzulazula ekuboniseni izinga lokushisa lemvelo, kanti kwezinye izimoto, zihlanganyela ekutholeni iqhwa ebusweni bomgwaqo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kokushayela.
Le sensor ngokuvamile isebenzisa ama-thermistors e-NTC, afakwe ezindaweni ezifana nebhampa langaphambili ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka okuvela emithonjeni yokushisa, futhi ukunemba kwayo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokubambisana kwezinhlelo eziningi.
Izinzwa zemvelo zezimoto (ezifana nezinzwa ze-oxygen, izinzwa zokushisa kwamanzi, izinzwa zemvula, njll.) zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha imingcele yemvelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemoto, futhi amaphutha angathinta ukusebenza kwenjini, ukulawula ukukhishwa komoya, noma izinhlelo zokusiza ukushayela.
Izimbangela zamaphutha ziyahlukahluka, ikakhulukazi:
Izici Zemvelo: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama, uthuli, noma ukucwiliswa emanzini kungabangela ukuthi izingxenye zenzwa ziguge, ziguge, noma zibe nezifunda ezimfushane zesekethe. Isibonelo, amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukuguga kwezinzwa ze-oxygen, kanti izindawo ezinomswakama zibangela ukugqwala kwe-interface.
Izinkinga zikagesi: Amasekethe amafushane, amasekethe avulekile, ukuthintana okubi, noma ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi kungaphazamisa ukudluliswa kwesignali, okubangela ukuthi inzwa yehluleke ukusebenza kahle.
Umonakalo wemishini: Ukushayisana, ukudlidliza, noma ukufakwa okungafanele kungabangela ukufuduka ngokomzimba kwenzwa noma umonakalo esakhiweni sayo sangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi kuma-sensor afakwe ku-chassis noma amasondo.
Ukungcola nokuvaleka: Ukuqongelela kothuli, uwoyela, noma izinhlayiya zekhabhoni kungamboza indawo yokuthola inzwa, kuvimbele ukuqonda kwemvelo. Isibonelo, inzwa yomoya-mpilo evalekile ibangela ukuphambuka kwesignali.
Amaphutha Okuguga Nokukhiqiza: Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kuholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kwezingxenye, noma kungase kube namaphutha ekhwalithi ezinzwa ngokwazo, okungabangela ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi.
Izimpawu zamaphutha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwenzwa. Isibonelo, ukwehluleka kwenzwa ye-oxygen kungabangela ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwenyukayo kanye nokukhishwa komoya okweqile; inzwa yokushisa kwamanzi engavamile ingabangela ukufundwa okungalungile kugeji yokushisa kwamanzi; inzwa yemvula enephutha ingathinta umsebenzi we-wiper yefasitela elizenzakalelayo.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nesixazululo kudinga uphenyo oluhlelekile: Okokuqala, qinisekisa lesi simo ngokufunda amakhodi amaphutha, bese uhlola izixhumi, izintambo, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla; sebenzisa i-multimeter yedijithali ene-high-impedance ukuze uthole, ugweme ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ohlobo lwe-pointer noma "indlela yokuklwebha inhlansi". Thatha izinyathelo zezinzwa ezahlukene, njengokuhlanza noma ukufaka esikhundleni senzwa ye-oxygen, ukulungisa indawo ye-throttle. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, naka ukuvikelwa ukuze ugweme i-ECU ukuba manzi noma imigqa ingasebenzi kahle.
Ukuvimbela kudinga ukugcizelelwa ekunakekelweni kwansuku zonke: Hlola njalo ukubukeka kanye nesimo sezintambo zezinzwa, gwema ukuguqulwa kwemishini okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic; naka izimo zomgwaqo ngesikhathi sokushayela, nciphisa ingozi yokushayisana; nakekela imoto njalo futhi uhlanze ngokushesha ukungcola okuzungeze izinzwa.
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