Iyini injini ye-wiper ye-windscreen yangaphambili yemoto?
Injini yomshini wokuhlanza i-wiper yemoto engaphambili ifakwe ngaphansi kwe-windscreen yangaphambili futhi iyithuluzi likagesi eliyinhloko eliqhuba ama-wiper angaphambili ukuthi asebenze. Iwumgogodla wohlelo lonke lwe-wiper futhi iguqula amandla kagesi abe ukunyakaza komshini, ngaleyo ndlela iqhuba ingalo ye-wiper kanye ne-wiper blade ukuthi ijike iye phambili naphambili, isuse imvula, iqhwa, uthuli, nezinye izithiyo ku-windscreen, iqinisekise ukuthi umshayeli unombono ocacile ngaphambili futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha kokushayela.
Izici zayo eziyinhloko kanye nesimiso sokusebenza yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Umthombo wamandla nohlobo: Ama-motor amaningi e-wiper angaphambili ezimoto zanamuhla asebenzisa i-DC permanent magnet motor, eqhutshwa ngqo yibhethri lemoto. Le moto inesakhiwo esilula, kulula ukuyilawula, futhi isabela ngokushesha.
- Isimiso sokusebenza esiyinhloko: Umphumela wokujikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu yimoto awukwazi ukushayela ngqo ingalo ye-wiper. Ngakho-ke, imoto ivame ukuhlanganiswa nendlela yokunciphisa igiya le-worm. Le ndlela isebenza ekunciphiseni isivinini nokwandisa i-torque, iguqula isivinini sokujikeleza esiphezulu kanye nomphumela omncane we-torque yemoto ibe isivinini esiphansi sokujikeleza esifanele kanye nomphumela omkhulu we-torque wokushayela ingalo ye-wiper.
- Ukuguqulwa kokunyakaza: Umshini wokukhipha womshini wokunciphisa uxhunywe kumshini wokuxhumanisa webha ezine (noma umshini we-crank kanye nenduku yokuxhuma). Lesi sakhiwo somshini siguqula ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kokujikeleza kwemoto kube ukujikijelana okubuyela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla kwengalo ye-wiper efasiteleni langaphambili.
- Ukushintshashintsha kokulawula kanye nesivinini: Ngokusebenzisa iswishi yokusula, umshayeli angakhetha amagiya ahlukene (njengejubane elifushane, ijubane eliphansi, ijubane eliphezulu). Injini ivame ukusebenzisa isakhiwo samabhulashi amaningi, futhi ngokushintsha inani lamakhoyili ochungechungeni phakathi kwamabhulashi ahlukene, ukuqina kwamanje okufakwayo kungalungiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukulawulwa kwenjini okunejubane eliningi.
Ngamafuphi, injini ye-wiper yefasitela langaphambili iyingxenye eqondile ehlanganisa injini kagesi, i-reducer, kanye nendlela yokuguqula ukunyakaza. Nakuba incane, ibalulekile ekuphepheni kokushayela.
Injini yokususa i-wiper yefasitela langaphambili iyithuluzi lamandla eliyinhloko lesistimu yokususa i-wiper. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla omshini ukuze kuqhutshwe ingalo yokususa i-wiper ukuze ijike iye phambili naphambili, ngaleyo ndlela kususwe imvula, iqhwa, uthuli, nezinye izithiyo ezivela efasiteleni langaphambili, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umshayeli unombono ocacile ngaphambili futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kokushayela.
Izimiso ezithile zokusebenza kanye nezici zokusebenza yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Indlela yokuguqula amandla kanye nokunyakaza: Injini ikhiqiza amandla okujikeleza ngenjini ye-DC ehlala njalo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, encishiswa ngesivinini kanye ne-torque ngendlela yokunciphisa igiya lezibungu, bese iguqulwa ibe yisivinini esiphansi sokujikeleza kanye nokukhipha okukhulu kwe-torque okufanelekela ukushayela ingalo ye-wiper ngendlela yokuxhumanisa enamabha amane (noma indlela ye-crank kanye ne-connecting rod).
- Ukulawula isivinini esiningi: Kusetshenziswa isakhiwo samabhulashi amathathu noma indlela yokulawula kagesi, futhi amandla amanje okufaka ayalungiswa ukuze kufezwe ukushintshana phakathi kwamagiya asheshayo, asheshayo, kanye namagiya angenawo amandla, okuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvula ezahlukene.
- Umsebenzi wokusetha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo: Idivayisi yokusetha kabusha ifakwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingalo yokususa i-wiper ibuyela ngokunembile endaweni ehleliwe phansi kwe-windshield lapho iyeka ukusebenza, igwema ukuvimba umbono.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu: Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswa ne-reducer, i-output shaft, nezinye izingxenye ku-wiper drive assembly futhi kufakwe ngaphansi kwe-windshield, ngesakhiwo esincane kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amamodeli ezimoto zesimanje asezingeni eliphezulu asebenzise ama-motor e-DC angenamabhulashi noma amayunithi okulawula kagesi e-ECU ukuze kufezwe ukulawulwa kwe-wiper okunembe kakhudlwana nokonga amandla.
Uma injini ye-wiper yefasitela langaphambili ihluleka, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthola inkinga ethile ngokubuka nokuhlola okulula, bese unquma ukuthi uzoyisingatha wena noma ufune ukulungiswa kochwepheshe.
Izimpawu ezivamile zomonakalo wenjini ye-wiper
- Umsindo ongajwayelekile: Kunomsindo ohlukile "wokukhala" noma "oqhumayo" lapho i-wiper isebenza, kunokuba kube nomsindo ojwayelekile obushelelezi ohambayo.
- Ukusebenza kabi: Ingalo ye-wiper ihamba kancane, iyama, noma ayikwazi ukujika njalo.
- Akukho senzo ngaphandle kokufutha ngamanzi: I-wiper ifutha amanzi kuphela kodwa ayijiki, okungase kubonise ukwehluleka kwenjini (okokuqala, hlola inkinga yenjini yokufutha amanzi noma ye-relay).
- Iphunga Elinomusi: Uma uqala i-wiper, kutholakala iphunga elihlukile elishile, okuyisibonakaliso sokuthi ama-coil angaphakathi emoto ayashisa futhi ayasha. Impendulo Ethule: Uma usebenzisa iswishi ye-wiper ngenkathi imoto ivuliwe, awukho umsindo wokusebenza kwemoto ozwakalayo.
Ukwehluleka kwe-Fuse: I-wiper ayisebenzi, futhi kutholakale nokuthi i-fuse ehlobene nayo ishile. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe yi-internal short circuit ku-motor okuholela ku-current eningi kakhulu.
Izinyathelo Zokuhlola Nokuphatha Zangaphambi Kokuqala
Ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyinkinga yemoto, sicela uqale ukhiphe ezinye izimbangela ezivamile:
- Hlola induku yokuxhumanisa yokudlulisa: Vula i-hood bese uhlola ukuthi induku yokuxhumanisa yokudlulisa exhuma ingalo yokususa i-wiper ayilungile noma iphukile yini.
- Hlola i-fuse: Thola ibhokisi le-fuse yemoto (ngokuvamile endaweni yenjini noma ngaphansi kwedeshibhodi eseceleni komshayeli), thola i-fuse ye-wiper ngokwencwadi yemiyalelo, bese uhlola ukuthi ivuthelwe yini. Uma ivuthelwe, yishintshe ngengxenye entsha yencazelo efanayo, kodwa uma ivuthelwa futhi, kumele kube nephutha lesekethe noma lemoto.
- Hlola ugesi: Nqamula i-terminal engasebenzi kahle kwebhethri ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Susa isixhumi sezintambo semoto ye-wiper, vula iswishi yokushisa, bese usebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala ukuthi kukhona yini i-12V noma ngaphezulu esixhumini. Uma kungekho voltage, inkinga isekuxhumeni kwezintambo noma kuswishi ye-wiper; uma kukhona voltage kodwa imoto ingajiki, imoto ngokwayo inamathuba amakhulu okulimala.
Iziphakamiso Zokulungisa
- Amacala angaphathwa nguwe: Uma kungukugqwala okuncane kwepuleti eliqhubayo (ungaliqaqa injini bese uyigcoba ngephepha) noma ukuguga nokungena kwamanzi kwe-gasket yokuvala (ungayiphatha okwesikhashana nge-sealant yenjini), futhi unekhono lokukwenza ngokwakho, ungabheka incwadi yemiyalelo yokulungisa ukuze uzame. Amabhulashi e-carbon nawo ayizingxenye ezingashintshwa.
- Amacala adinga ukulungiswa kochwepheshe: Uma injini inephunga elibi lokusha, umonakalo wangaphakathi we-magnetic pole, noma ukugxumagxuma okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, akukhuthazwa nhlobo ukuyihlukanisa wena. Ama-wiper motors anamuhla aklanywe ngendlela evalwe kahle, futhi ukuhlukaniswa okungahleliwe kungabangela kalula umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukushintsha injini entsha sha kuyisisombululo esiphephile nesithembeke kakhulu.
Isifinyezo: Uma injini ye-wiper ihluleka, ukuphepha kuza kuqala. Ukuhlolwa okulula kwesekethe kanye ne-link rod kungenziwa wedwa, kodwa noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihilela ingaphakathi lenjini, ikakhulukazi uma kunephunga elishile, sicela uye ngokushesha esitolo sokulungisa izimoto sochwepheshe ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa nokushintshwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokushayela kwakho.
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