Uyini umsebenzi wengalo yokulawula ephansi yemoto?
Igama elithi "ingalo yokulawula ephansi yezimoto" akulona igama elijwayelekile emkhakheni wezimoto. Ngokuvamile libhekisela ezingxenyeni ezimbili ezihlukene zokusebenza, futhi imisebenzi yazo ethile incike endaweni yazo kanye nomklamo wazo.
Ibha yokuzinza esemaceleni (ibha yokuzinza esemaceleni): Lena yindlela evame kakhulu yokubhekisela "engalweni yokulawula ephansi", eyaziwa nangokuthi ibha yokuzinza noma ibha yokuzinza esemaceleni. Iyinduku yensimbi enomfanekiso ka-U ebekwe ngokuvundlile ekumisweni kwemoto, ixhumanisa izinhlelo zokumiswa ezinhlangothini zesobunxele nakwesokudla. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukumelana nokugoqwa kwecala lomzimba wemoto ngesikhathi sokugoqwa kwayo, ngaleyo ndlela igcine ibhalansi yemoto futhi ithuthukise ukuzinza nokuphepha kokushayela.
Ukucindezela umqulu: Lapho imoto ijika, amandla e-centrifugal abangela ukuthi umzimba wemoto uthambekele ngaphandle. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukumiswa kwangaphandle kuyacindezelwa, ukumiswa kwangaphakathi kuyanwetshwa, futhi iziphetho zebha yokuzinza zizohamba kancane, okubangela ukuthi umzimba webha ujike. Ukuqina komzimba webha kuzosebenzisa amandla aphikisayo, okucindezela ngempumelelo ukujikeleza ngokweqile komzimba wemoto.
Ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kanye nokushelela: Ngokunciphisa ukugoqa, ibha yokuzinza isiza amasondo ukuthi agcine ukuxhumana okuhle nomhlabathi, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwemoto ekukhoneni kanye nokulawula ukushayela, futhi ihlunga nokudlidliza komgwaqo, ithuthukisa induduzo yabagibeli.
Izici zokuqondisa ezithintayo: Ukuqina kwebha yokuzinza (ngokuvamile kunqunywa ububanzi bayo) kuthinta izici zokuqondisa zemoto. Ibha yokuzinza enamandla kakhulu izokwandisa umthwalo esondweni langaphandle, okungase kuholele ekuthambekeleni kokuqondisa ngaphansi (imoto ivame ukuhamba iqonde) noma ukuqondisa ngokweqile (ingxenye yangemuva ithambekele ekuphambukeni).
Izinduku zokulawula ezimisiwe (kufaka phakathi izingalo zokulawula eziphansi, izinduku ezinde, njll.): Ngezinye izikhathi "ingalo yokulawula ephansi" ingabhekisela futhi ezindongeni zokulawula ohlelweni lokumiswa olungaphansi kwamasondo, oluxhumanisa amasondo nomzimba wemoto, njengengalo yokulawula ephansi noma induku ende ye-axle yangemuva. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walezi zingxenye ukudlulisa amandla nama-torque, ukulawula indlela yokunyakaza kwesondo, nokugcina amapharamitha okuqondanisa isondo.
Ukulawula ukuhamba kwamasondo: Zikhawulela amasondo ukuthi ahambe kuphela ngendlela eklanyelwe (njengokukhuphuka nokwehla), ukuvimbela ukuphambuka okungadingekile kwamasondo.
Ukugcina ukuhambisana kwesondo: Lezi zinduku ziyisisekelo sokugcina ukunemba kwamapharamitha okuqondisa abalulekile amasondo, njenge-camber angle kanye ne-caster angle. Uma ziguga noma ziguga, kuzobangela ukuguga okungajwayelekile kwamathayi, imoto ingasebenzi kahle, kanye nezinye izinkinga.
Ukuxhumana nokusekelwa: Zixhumanisa ngokuqinile i-wheel assembly nomzimba wemoto noma uhlaka olungaphansi, zithwala futhi zidlulisa imithelela ehlukahlukene evela emgwaqweni kanye namandla okushayela emoto kanye namandla okubhuleka.
Ngamafuphi, uma kukhulunywa nge-"arm lower control arm" yemoto, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kusho ibha yokuzinza eseceleni (ibha elwa nokugoqa), umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukucindezela ukugoqa ngesikhathi sokujika kwemoto, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuphatha. Kungase futhi kubhekisele ezindongeni zokulawula eziphansi ohlelweni lokumiswa olusetshenziselwa ukulawula indlela amasondo ahamba ngayo nokugcina imingcele yokuqondanisa.
Ukulimala kwezinduku zokulawula imoto kungathinta kakhulu ukuphathwa kwemoto, ukuzinza kwayo, kanye nokuphepha kwayo, okuhlanganisa:
Imithelela eyinhloko
Ukusebenza kokuphatha okuncishisiwe: Ukuqondisa okungaguquguquki, isondo lokuqondisa elisindayo, kanye nokuphambuka okuzenzakalelayo kwemoto (kudinga amandla okugcina isondo lokuqondisa liqondile).
Ukuqina kokushayela okuncishisiwe: Imisindo engavamile (imisindo egoqayo) emigwaqweni enamaqhubu, ukunyakazisa noma ukuntanta komzimba wemoto kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, kanye nokulahlekelwa kalula ukulawula ngesivinini esiphezulu.
Ukuguga kwamathayi okungavamile: Ngenxa yokulungiswa kwamasondo okungalungile, amathayi aguga ngokungalingani, okungase kubangele ukuthuthumela noma ukuqhuma kwamathayi.
Izingozi zokubhuleka ezikhulayo: Ukuphambuka noma ukwehluleka kokubhuleka, ibanga elide lokubhuleka.
Izingozi zokuphepha: Ukuxega noma ukugoba kwe-ball joint kungabangela ukushukuma kwesondo, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula isiqondiso, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukugoqa.
Izizathu zokulungiswa ngokushesha
Lezi zinkinga zizobhebhethekisa ukuguguleka kwemishini (njengokwehluleka kohlelo lokumiswa) futhi zisongele ukuphepha kokushayela. Izinto ezingavamile kufanele zilungiswe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukwehluleka kwenduku yokulawula imoto kuvame ukubhekisela ekugugeni, ukuxega, noma ukulimala kwenduku yokulawula yokuqondisa (kufaka phakathi induku yokuqondisa kanye nenduku yokuqondisa eqondile), okuthinta ngqo ukuphathwa nokuphepha kwemoto. Ngokusho kolwazi lwakamuva lokulungisa, izimpawu ezijwayelekile kanye nezixazululo ezihambisanayo yilezi ezilandelayo:
Izimpawu zephutha eliyinhloko
Umsindo ongajwayelekile we-chassis: Uma ujika ngesivinini esiphansi noma ushayela emigwaqweni enamagquma, i-chassis izokhipha umsindo ocacile "wokugoqa" noma "wokuchofoza" wokushaya kwensimbi. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala sokulahlekelwa amafutha okugcoba ngaphakathi kwejoyinti lebhola kanye nokungqubuzana okukhululekile phakathi kwephini lebhola nesihlalo sebhola.
Ukuzulazula kwemoto: Uma isiteringi siphakathi nendawo, imoto izophambuka ngokuzenzakalelayo iye ohlangothini olulodwa, ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni eqondile. Lokhu kuzulazula kuhlukile ekucindezelweni kwethayi okungalingani futhi kuvame ukuhambisana nokungakwazi kwesiteringi ukubuyela ngokuzenzakalelayo enkabeni noma amandla okubuyela abuthakathaka.
Ukulawula ukuqondisa okungajwayelekile: Uma uphendula isondo lokuqondisa, lizwakala lihamba kancane futhi lisinda, noma kukhona ukwanda "kokuyekethisa" - okungukuthi, amasondo aqala ukusabela kuphela ngemva kokuba isondo lokuqondisa seliphenduke i-engeli ethile. Ngesivinini esikhulu, kungase kube nokuzamazama kwesondo lokuqondisa, okungahlobene nokulinganisela kwamandla esondo.
Ukushukuma kwesondo langaphambili kanye "nokunamathela" kwesiteringi: Uma imoto ihamba ngesivinini esingu-60-80 km/h, amasondo angaphambili angase abonise ukushukuma okungajwayelekile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungabangela ukunyakazisa okukhulu kwesiteringi ngisho "nokunamathela". Lesi yisibonakaliso esiyingozi sokuthi i-ball joint igugile esimweni esibucayi. Uma uqhubeka nokushayela, kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-steering tie rod kanye ne-ball joint, okuholela engozini enkulu.
Ukuguga kwethayi okungajwayelekile: Ukulimala kwenduku yokubopha isiteringi kuzobangela amandla ethayi angalingani, okuholela ekugugeni okungavamile kwethayi ngesimo sezimpaphe noma amaphethini e-sawtooth ohlangothini olulodwa.
Ukuzihlola okulula kanye nokuphathwa kobungcweti
Ukuzihlola okulula: Paka imoto bese ubamba ibhuleki lesandla. Bamba ingaphezulu nephansi lamasondo angaphambili ngezandla zombili bese uwashukumisa phezulu naphansi. Uma uzizwa ukhululekile kakhulu, empeleni kuwukwahlulela komonakalo owenzekile ejoyintini le-steering tie rod ball.
Ukulungisa kochwepheshe: Yiya ngokushesha esitolo sokulungisa esivamile bese usebenzisa amathuluzi ochwepheshe ukukala indawo lapho i-ball joint ivuleka khona. Ngokuvamile, uma indawo lapho i-axial joint ivuleka khona idlula u-0.5mm, idinga ukushintshwa.
Imininingwane yokushintsha: Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezijwayelekile zasefektri noma ze-OE (imishini yokuqala). Ngemva kokushintsha, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulungiswa kwamasondo amane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lozwane lwesondo langaphambili libuyela ebangeni elijwayelekile (ngokuvamile u-0-2mm). Isikhumbuzo Esibalulekile
Induku yokubopha isondo "iyisikhungo sezinzwa" esithinta ngqo ukuphepha kokushayela, futhi ingozi yayo yokwehluleka iphezulu kakhulu. Ungalibazisi ukulungiswa ngoba nje izimpawu zincane. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwansuku zonke, kufanele ugxile ekuhloleni isembozo sothuli se-ball joint. Uma kutholakala ukuthi yonakele, kumele ishintshwe zingakapheli amahora angu-48 ukuvimbela isihlabathi kanye nemfucumfucu ukuthi kungangeni futhi kusheshise ukuguguleka kwangaphakathi.
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