Iyini ipulaki yesenzwa kawoyela wezimoto?
Inzwa yokucindezela uwoyela wezimoto, eyaziwa nangokuthi inzwa yokucindezela uwoyela, iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqapha ohlelweni lokugcoba injini. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqapha njalo ingcindezi yangaphakathi kawoyela yenjini nokuguqula isignali yokucindezela etholakele ibe isignali kagesi, bese idluliselwa kudeshibhodi yemoto noma kuyunithi yokulawula injini (ECU).
Uma ingcindezi kawoyela ingajwayelekile (njengokuphansi kakhulu), inzwa yokucindezela kawoyela izovula isibani se-alamu yokucindezela kawoyela kudeshibhodi, ixwayise umshayeli ukuthi anake ngokushesha ukuze avimbele umonakalo omkhulu enjinini ngenxa yokungagcobi ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, ibizwa ngokuthi "umqaphi wokuphepha" wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko
Ukuqapha ingcindezi: Nge-diaphragm yangaphakathi noma i-sensor chip, izwa izinguquko ekucindezelweni kawoyela bese iziguqula zibe izimpawu zikagesi.
Ukudluliswa kwesignali: Kudlulisela izimpawu zikagesi ku-gauge yokucindezela uwoyela kudeshibhodi ukuze kuboniswe inani lokucindezela kwesikhathi sangempela.
Ukuqalisa i-alamu: Uma ingcindezi ingaphansi komkhawulo wokuphepha, isekethe ye-alamu iyavulwa, kukhanyiswe isibani sesixwayiso.
Ukulawula okusizayo: Kwezinye izimoto, i-ECU izolungisa isimo sokusebenza kwenjini ngokusekelwe kudatha yokucindezela uwoyela, njengokunciphisa amandla okukhipha ukuze kuvikelwe injini.
Incazelo emfushane yesimiso sokusebenza
Inzwa yokucindezela uwoyela ivame ukuba ne-chip yenzwa yokucindezela ifilimu ejiyile kanye nesekethe yokucubungula isignali. Uma injini isebenza, ingcindezi kawoyela isunduza i-diaphragm ngaphakathi kwesensa, ishintsha ukumelana kwayo noma inani le-capacitance, idale umehluko we-voltage, eguqulwa ibe yisignali ye-voltage, ikhuliswe futhi icutshungulwe ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe. Uma ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, isekethe ye-alamu izoqala ngokushesha isexwayiso.
Ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha okuvamile
Isibani se-alamu sokucindezela uwoyela sihlala sivuliwe noma sikhanya njalo
Umfutho kawoyela oboniswa kudeshibhodi awukho noma ushintshashintsha ngamandla
Injini yenza imisindo engajwayelekile, amandla ayancipha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli akujwayelekile (mhlawumbe kungenxa yokwahlulela kabi kwe-ECU kanye nokulinganiselwa kwamandla)
Isikhombisi segeyiji yokucindezela sikhomba phezulu noma isibani se-alamu asicimi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokumisa phansi
Ireferensi yendawo
Inzwa yokucindezela uwoyela ivame ukutholakala eduze kwesihlungi samafutha, futhi indawo ethile iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwemoto. Ivame ukutholakala ku:
Ngaphezulu noma ohlangothini lwesihlungi samafutha
Eduze kwesihlalo sesihlungi samafutha ngemuva kwebhulokhi yesilinda senjini
Kwamanye amamodeli ezimoto, kungase kube seduze nesembozo sesilinda noma uxhumano lwepayipi lokungenisa
Qaphela: Imininingwane yentambo yenzwa, imingcele yokucindezela, kanye nezindlela zokuxhuma izintambo zingahluka kumamodeli ezimoto ahlukene. Uma ushintsha, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izingxenye zokuqala noma ezijwayelekile ze-OEM, futhi uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-sealant kanye nokuqinisa i-torque ukuvimbela ukuvuza kukawoyela.
Ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokucindezela uwoyela wezimoto (okungukuthi, inzwa yokucindezela uwoyela) kuzothinta ngqo ukuqapha uhlelo lokugcoba injini. Uma kungaxazululwa ngokushesha, kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwemishini. Okulandelayo yizimpawu ezivamile zamaphutha, izimbangela, kanye nezixazululo.
Izimpawu zephutha eliyinhloko
Isibani sesexwayiso sedeshibhodi sivuliwe: Ngemva kokuqala kwemoto, isibani sesexwayiso sengcindezi kawoyela sihlala sivuliwe (hhayi ukuze uzihlole kafushane), noma sikhanya ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenkathi ushayela. Amanye amamodeli azobonisa imiyalezo efana nokuthi "Umfutho kawoyela ophansi" noma "Ukwehluleka kwenzwa", kuyilapho amamodeli aphezulu angabonisa ukweqa okungavamile kwamanani engcindezi kawoyela (njengokubonisa ngaphansi kwebha engu-0.5 noma ngaphezulu kwebha engu-10 lapho ungasebenzi).
Ukukhubazeka kokusebenza kwenjini: Cishe u-60% wamacala amaphutha azohambisana nokwehla kwamandla, okubonakala njengokusheshisa okuhamba kancane kanye nokusabela okulibazisekile kokudlula; i-ECU yezinye izimoto izoqala indlela yokuvikela, inciphise ijubane lenjini (ngokuvamile elingadluli ku-3000 rpm), noma ibangele ukuzulazula noma ubunzima obuqala ezimweni ezibandayo.
Umsindo wenjini ongajwayelekile kanye nomonakalo ofihliwe: Ngenxa yokungagcwalisi ngokwanele, imisindo yokungqongqoza ingase ivele esihlalweni se-camshaft noma se-valve, noma umsindo ongajwayelekile ovela kuchungechunge lwesikhathi. Ukwehluleka kwesikhathi eside kungaholela emonakalweni ongenakuguqulwa njengokuguguleka kwamabhere, ukuklwebheka kwendandatho ye-piston, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa ngokuvamile zidlula ama-yuan angu-5,000.
Amakhodi ephutha kanye nokugeleza kwedatha okungajwayelekile: Kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lokuxilonga le-OBD, amakhodi ephutha athile angafundwa, njenge-P01CA (i-voltage eqile kwisekethe yesensa yengcindezi kawoyela) noma i-P01CB (i-voltage ephansi). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukuphambuka phakathi kwengcindezi yangempela kawoyela ezwa yi-sensor kanye nedatha etholwe yi-ECU kufanele kube yi-≤ 0.1 bar. Uma idlula i-0.3 bar, kungatholakala ukuthi i-sensor ayijwayelekile.
Ezinye izimpawu: Ezinye izimoto zingase zibhekane nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwenyukile, isibani sephutha lenjini (Hlola Injini) esihlala sivuliwe njalo, noma ukufundwa kwengcindezi kawoyela okungajwayelekile kudeshibhodi (njengokubonisa okungaguquki kwebha engu-0.99 ngesivinini esingasebenzi).
Izimbangela ezivamile zamaphutha
Ukwehluleka kwepulaki yesenzwa kawoyela kungenye yezizathu. Ngokuvamile, kuyinkinga ehlelekile ebangela ukuthi ukutholwa kungabi okungavamile:
Izinkinga zamafutha: Ubuningi bamafutha obanele, uwoyela ongcolile, ukujiya okungajwayelekile (okuncane kakhulu noma okujiyile kakhulu), ikhwalithi yamafutha ephansi.
Ukwehluleka kwesekethe kawoyela kanye nezingxenye: Ukuvuza kwepayipi kawoyela, isihlungi sikawoyela esivalekile, iphampu kawoyela egugile, ivalvu ye-bypass noma isipilingi sevalvu esinciphisa ingcindezi esithambile kakhulu/sivalekile/ ibhola lensimbi lonakele.
Isekethe kanye nesensa uqobo: Isekethe emfushane, isekethe evulekile, ukuthintana okungekuhle kwesekethe yangaphakathi yesensa, noma ukuguga kwesensa, indandatho yokuvala eyonakele eholela ekuvuza kwamafutha, ukungena/ukungena kwamanzi kokungcola.
Ezinye izici: Izinga lokushisa elidlulele lenjini, indawo engafanele yokufaka, i-voltage kagesi engazinzile, ukuvuleka okukhulu phakathi kwe-crankshaft kanye ne-bearing, njll.
Izindlela zokuphendula kanye nezixazululo
Hlola ngokushesha izinga likawoyela: Uma uwoyela umncane kakhulu, wengeze emingceleni ephezulu nephansi ye-dipstick. Uma izinga livamile kodwa isibani sesixwayiso sisavuliwe, ungaqhubeki nokushayela.
Faka uwoyela wekhwalithi ephezulu: Sebenzisa uwoyela wokwenziwa ogcwele ohlangabezana nezimfuneko zemoto. Gwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi noma ephelelwe yisikhathi.
Ukuhlolwa kobungcweti: Kunconywa ukuthi imoto ihlolwe esitolo sokulungisa sobungcweti zingakapheli amahora angu-48, kugxilwe ekuhloleni:
Inani lokumelana kwenzwa (ububanzi obujwayelekile buvame ukuba ngu-50–1000 Ω, obuhlukahluka ngokushisa).
Isimo sesekethe kawoyela, iphampu kawoyela, ivalvu ekhawulela ingcindezi, njll.
Ukuthi uxhumano lwesekethe lujwayelekile yini.
Shintsha inzwa: Uma inzwa iqinisekisiwe ukuthi yonakele, yishintshe ngengxenye yekhwalithi yokuqala noma ethembekile, bese uqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanele.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela: Shintsha njalo isihlungi sikawoyela namafutha, gwema ukusheshisa okusheshayo nokubhuleka, wehlise umthelela enjinini, futhi uthuthukise umkhuba wokulungisa njalo.
Isikhumbuzo Esibalulekile: Ipulaki yesensa kawoyela ngokwayo ayigcobi injini ngokuqondile, kodwa ukwehluleka kwayo kuzovimbela umnikazi ukuthi azi ingcindezi yangempela kawoyela. Uma iqhutshwa ngenxa yokwahlulela okungalungile, ingabangela injini "ikhathale i-bearing", nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kunokushintsha isensa.
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