Iyini ikholomu ephezulu yevalvu yemoto?
Isiqu se-valve semoto, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-valve tappet noma i-valve tapple, siyingxenye ebalulekile ohlelweni lwesitimela se-valve senjini. Sinesibopho esikhulu sokuguqula ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwe-camshaft kube ukunyakaza okuqondile okuphezulu nokwehla kwama-valve, ngaleyo ndlela silawule ngokunembile ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve.
Umsebenzi Oyisisekelo:
Njengomlandeli we-cam, i-valve tappet ithola amandla ngqo avela kuphrofayili ye-cam bese iwadlulisela ku-pushrod noma ku-valve.
Ngesikhathi sokudlulisa ukunyakaza, idinga futhi ukumelana namandla aseceleni asetshenziswa yi-cam bese idlulisela la mandla ekhanda lesilinda noma ebhulokini lenjini ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesitimela se-valve.
Ukuhlukaniswa Okuyinhloko:
I-Mechanical Tappet: Isakhiwo silula kakhulu futhi izindleko ziphansi, kodwa singase sikhiphe umsindo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi sidinga ukulungiswa ngesandla kwesikhala se-valve ukuze kulungiswe ukwanda noma ukuguguleka kokushisa.
I-Hydraulic Tappet: Isebenzisa umfutho kawoyela ngaphakathi ukuze ilungise ngokuzenzakalelayo, okwenza ukuthi i-valve clearance ibe yi-zero, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise kakhulu umsindo wenjini futhi yenze ukusebenza kube lula. Kodwa-ke, isakhiwo sayo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi izindleko ziphakeme.
Izici Zesakhiwo Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:
Ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo, i-valve tappet ohlelweni olufakwe phezulu lwe-valve ivame ukuklanywa njengesakhiwo esiyisilinda.
I-Roller Tappet iwuhlobo oluvamile, olunciphisa ukungqubuzana kanye namandla aseceleni ngesakhiwo se-roller, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, kodwa isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni ezithwala umthwalo omkhulu njengezinjini zikadizili ezinkulu.
Izinto ezivamile zifaka phakathi insimbi ehlanganisiwe ye-nickel-chromium, insimbi ehlanganisiwe ye-alloy ebandayo, noma insimbi ehlanganisiwe enamandla aphezulu. Ubuso bokungqubuzana budinga ukwelashwa kokushisa kanye nokugaya okunembile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguguleka. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje busebenzisa nezinqubo zokwelashwa kwendawo njenge-DLC (Diamond-like Carbon) coating ukuze kuncishiswe kakhulu i-friction coefficient.
Ukubaluleka Nokugcinwa:
Ukusebenza kwe-valve tappet kuthinta ngqo ukukhishwa kwamandla enjini, ukonga uphethiloli, kanye namazinga okukhishwa komoya. Uma kukhona amaphutha afana nokuguguleka, ukuguqulwa, noma ukunamathela, kuzobangela ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwe-valve okungavamile, okuholela ekudlidlizeni kwenjini, ukulahlekelwa ugesi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe.
Ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sayo sokusebenza, kudingeka ukushintshwa njalo kukawoyela kanye nokugcinwa kwenjini ukuqinisekisa izimo ezinhle zokuthambisa.
I-valve tappet (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-valve tappet) iyisici esibalulekile ohlelweni lwesitimela se-valve senjini. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuguqula ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwe-camshaft kube ukunyakaza okuqondile okuphezulu nokuphansi kwama-valve, ngaleyo ndlela kulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve okungenisa nokukhipha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi injini iqeda imivimbo emine yokungenisa, ukucindezela, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, kanye nokukhipha.
Imisebenzi ethile ingahlukaniswa ngamaphuzu alandelayo:
Ukudlulisa ukunyakaza namandla: Yamukela ngqo ukusunduza okuvela ku-camshaft bese ikudlulisela ku-pushrod noma ku-valve, iqhube i-valve ukuthi ivale ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
Ukubekezelela amandla aseceleni: Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwekhamera, kukhiqizwa amandla aseceleni, futhi i-valve tappet idinga ukudlulisela la mandla ekhanda lesilinda noma ebhulokini lenjini ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza okuzinzile.
Ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhlanzwa kwevalvu (uhlobo lwe-hydraulic): Izinjini zesimanje zisebenzisa kakhulu ama-tappets e-hydraulic, agcwele uwoyela futhi angakhokhela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuhlanzwa kwevalvu ngenxa yokwanda noma ukuguguleka kokushisa, okufeza ukusebenza "kwe-zero clearance", ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu umsindo wenjini futhi kuthuthukise ukushelela kokusebenza.
Ukunciphisa izidingo zokulungisa: Ama-hydraulic tappets awadingi ukulungiswa ngesandla kwe-valve clearance, okwenza kube lula inqubo yokulungisa injini.
Uma i-valve tappet (ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-hydraulic) yehluleka, njengokuguguleka, ukuvuza kukawoyela, noma umoya ongena ngaphakathi, kuzobangela imisindo "engajwayelekile" (ebonakala kakhulu ezinjinini ezibandayo) futhi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe, noma izinkinga zokukhishwa komoya.
Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukucindezeleka okunganele kwamafutha, izinga lamafutha eliphakeme kakhulu noma eliphansi kakhulu, noma ukujiya kwamafutha okungalingani.
Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha uwoyela njalo nokugcina uhlelo lokugcoba olujwayelekile kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokwandisa impilo yenkonzo ye-valve tappet nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.
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