Umsebenzi oyinhloko womhlangano wesihlungi somoya wezimoto
Ukuhlanganiswa kwesihlungi somoya sezimoto kungabhekwa "njengomqaphi ongabonakali" wenjini. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, kudlala izindima eziningi ezibalulekile.
Okokuqala, isebenza "njengesivikelo" sezingxenye ezinembile zenjini. Izihlungi zomoya ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingahlunga ukungcola okungaphezu kuka-99% okunobubanzi obungama-micrometer angu-≥ 5, zivimbele ngempumelelo izinhlayiya eziqinile njengothuli, isihlabathi, impova, njll. ukuthi zingangeni esilinda, ngaleyo ndlela zigweme ukuguguleka okungavamile kwezingxenye ezifana nama-piston, izindonga zesilinda, nama-valve ngenxa yokungena kokungcola. Uma isihlungi somoya sivaleka isikhathi eside, izinga lokuguguleka kwenjini lizokhuphuka ngokuphindwe ka-3 - 5, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokudonsa isilinda, ukusha kwamafutha, kanye nezinye izinkinga. Ezindaweni ezomile nezinesihlabathi, ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwesihlungi somoya, izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezingena phakathi kwe-piston nesilinda zingabangela ngisho nezimo ezinzima "zokudonsa isilinda".
Okwesibili, kuhlobene nokukhishwa kwamandla emoto kanye nokonga uphethiloli. Uma isihlungi somoya sivalekile ku-30%, ukumelana kokungenisa kuzokwanda kakhulu, okuholela ekungeneni ngokwanele kwenjini. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-ECU izolungisa ivolumu yokujova uphethiloli ukuze igcine ukusha, kodwa ukungalingani kokuhlushwa kwengxube kuzobangela ukwehla kwamandla ngo-5% - 10%, kanti ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngamakhilomitha ayi-100 kuzokwanda ngaphezu kwelitha eli-1. Ngenkathi isihlungi somoya esisebenza kahle singaqinisekisa ukuthi umoya ongena enjinini uhlanzekile futhi wanele, okuvumela ingxube ephelele kaphethiloli nomoya wokusha, okwenza injini isebenze kahle futhi ifinyelele ukonga uphethiloli okuhle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono indawo yokusha kanye nokwandisa impilo yenkonzo kawoyela wenjini. Umoya ohlanzekile wokungenisa unganciphisa amadiphozithi ekhabhoni angu-50% noma ngaphezulu ku-throttle valve, ama-spark plug, kanye negumbi lokusha, kunciphisa amathuba okunyakazisa okungasebenzi, ubuthakathaka bokusheshisa, njll. okubangelwa amadiphozithi ekhabhoni. Ukungcola okungahlungiwe okungena enjinini kuzoxubana namafutha enjini, kusheshise ukushiswa kwawo kanye nokungcola. Ukuhlunga okuphumelelayo kungabuyisela umjikelezo wokufaka esikhundleni kawoyela ojwayelekile wamaminerali kusuka kumakhilomitha angu-3,000 kuya cishe kumakhilomitha angu-7,500, kanti umjikelezo wokufaka esikhundleni kawoyela owenziwe ngokugcwele ungandiswa ngokufanele, kuncishiswe izindleko zokulungisa cishe ngo-60%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlaka zokuhlunga umoya ezihlanganisiwe zingasiza ekuhlanzeni umoya wangaphakathi, zivimbele izinto eziyingozi njenge-PM2.5, impova, amakhemikhali esibabule, njll., zidale indawo yokugibela enempilo nekhululekile yabagibeli, ezuzisa kakhulu abantu abane-allergies. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi inomphumela othile wokunciphisa umsindo, imunca futhi ivimbele umsindo wokungenisa okhiqizwa yinjini ukuze yenze indawo yangaphakathi ibe nokuthula.
Amaphutha avamile kanye nemiphumela yomhlangano wokuhlunga umoya wezimoto
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ukuhlanganiswa kwesihlungi somoya sezimoto kungase kubhekane namaphutha ahlukahlukene, okubeka izingozi ezingaba khona ekusebenzeni kwemoto.
Ukuvaleka yiphutha elivame kakhulu. Njengoba isikhathi sokusetshenziswa sanda, ukungcola emoyeni kuzoqongelela kancane kancane esihlungini somoya, kuvimbe izimbobo zaso futhi kwandise ukumelana nokungena. Lokhu kuzobangela ukungena kwenjini okunganele, amandla akhishwa kancane, kanye nezenzakalo ezifana nokusheshisa okuhamba kancane kanye nokusabela okuhamba kancane lapho unyathela i-accelerator, ikakhulukazi lapho udlula noma usheshisa kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphethiloli awukwazi ukushiswa ngokuphelele, okuholela ekuchithekeni kukaphethiloli, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungu-5% - 20%, ngisho namalitha angu-3 - 5 ngaphezulu ezimotweni zikadizili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzokwakheka amadiphozithi ekhabhoni yangaphakathi kwenjini, kusheshiswe ukuguguleka kwezingxenye futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kanye nokuphila kwayo.
Ukubhujiswa nakho kuyinkinga engenakunakwa. Izimoto ezidlula ezingxenyeni ezinamaqhubu, zithintwa amandla angaphandle, noma zisebenza ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu isikhathi eside zingabangela ukuthi uhlaka lwesihlungi somoya luguquguquke noma imithungo iqhekeke. Ngalesi sikhathi, umoya ongahlungiwe uzongena ngqo enjinini, nezinhlayiya ezinkulu kune-0.5 micrometer zihlasela igumbi lokushiswa, okulingana nokuthulula cishe amagremu ama-5 emfucumfucu yesandpaper enjinini ngosuku, okwandisa izinga lokuguguleka okungavamile kwezindonga zesilinda kanye namasongo e-piston ngezikhathi ezi-6. Okubi nakakhulu, umswakama ongahlungiwe uzosabela nama-oxide ensimbi ukuze akhe i-hydrochloric acid ebolile, okubangela ukugoba komzimba wesilinda.
Umswakama uphinde uthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwenhlangano yesihlungi somoya. Uma usebenzisa imoto endaweni enomswakama noma udlula ezingxenyeni ezinamanzi amaningi, uma uphawu lwesihlungi somoya lungaqinile, umswakama ungangena enkabeni yesihlungi, okubangela ukuba simanzi. Ukusebenza kwesihlungi somoya esimanzi kuzowohloka futhi kuthambekele ekukhuleni kwesikhunta. Izinga lokukhula kwesikhunta liphindwe kathathu kunezimo ezijwayelekile. Phakathi namahora angama-24, amabala esikhunta abonakalayo angakheka. Lezi zikhunta azigcini nje ngokulimaza isakhiwo sephepha lesihlungi futhi zinciphise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga ngo-30%, kodwa futhi zikhiqiza ama-spores e-pathogenic ngohlelo lokungenisa olungangena ekhabini lemoto. Ukuphefumula isikhathi eside kungabangela i-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba kanye nezifo zokuphefumula.
Ukuvimbela kanye nokusabela ekuhlulekeni kokuhlanganiswa kwesihlungi somoya
Ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka kokuhlanganiswa kwezihlungi zomoya okuthinta ukusebenza kwezimoto, abanikazi bezimoto kufanele banake ukulungiswa kwansuku zonke. Ngokuvamile, izimoto ezisebenza ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kufanele zishintshwe izihlungi zazo zomoya njalo ngekhilomitha eli-1 - 2; ezimotweni ezisebenza ezindaweni ezinothuli, umjikelezo wokushintsha kufanele ufinyezwe ube ngamakhilomitha angu-5000 noma izinyanga ezi-3. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwansuku zonke, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuhlanzeka nobuqotho besihlungi somoya. Izihlungi zephepha zingahlanzwa kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle kusetshenziswa umoya ocindezelwe, futhi ukugeza ngamanzi akuvunyelwe; izihlungi ezisekelwe kumafutha zidinga izihlanzi ezikhethekile namafutha okunakekela ukuze zilungiswe. Uma uthola ukuthi isihlungi somoya sesibe mnyama futhi singcolile, sonakele futhi siyavuza, noma sinezimpawu zokuxwayisa njengokwehla kwamandla, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, kanye nokukhishwa kwentuthu emnyama, kufanele usishintshe isihlungi ngokushesha.
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