Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemodyuli yokulawula ukuqala kwemoto
Njenge-"isikhungo sezinzwa" sesistimu yamandla, imoduli yokulawula ukuqala kwemoto isebenza njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile esixhumanisa imiyalelo yomshayeli nokusebenza kwenjini. Imisebenzi yayo ihlanganisa ukulawulwa kwamandla, ukuvikelwa kokuphepha, kanye nokuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kuzo zonke izici eziningi.
Ngokombono wokukhishwa kwamandla, i-module yokulawula injini (ECU) ihlanganisa idatha evela ezingxenyeni ezifana nezinzwa zesikhundla se-crankshaft kanye nezinzwa zokugeleza komoya ukuze kulungiswe ngokunembile ububanzi be-pulse yokujova uphethiloli kanye ne-engeli yokuqhubekisela phambili yokushisa ngesivinini sokuphendula sezinga le-millisecond. Ezimweni zokusheshisa eziphuthumayo, i-ECU izokwandisa ngesikhathi esisodwa ivolumu yokujova uphethiloli futhi ithuthukise isikhathi sokushiswa, ithuthukise impendulo yamandla ngo-15%-25%; ezimweni zokungenzi lutho, igcina isilinganiso somoya-fuel esingcono kakhulu esingu-14.7:1 ngokulawula okuvaliwe, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenjini ngenkathi ikhulisa ukonga uphethiloli ngo-8%-12%. I-module yokulawula ukushiswa (ICM), njengeswishi kagesi yamandla, ilawula ngokunembile isekethe eyinhloko yekhoyili yokushiswa ngokusekelwe emiyalweni ye-ECU, ikhiqiza ugesi we-high-voltage ukuze inikeze amandla ku-spark plug, isebenza njengomphathi oqondile wokushiswa kwenjini.
Umsebenzi wokuvikela ukuphepha ungenye into ebalulekile yemodyuli yokulawula yokuqalisa. Uma ibona ukwehluleka kwenzwa, ukuqhuma, noma ezinye izinkinga, i-ECU izogcina ikhodi yephutha ngokushesha futhi ivule isibani sesixwayiso sedeshibhodi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izosebenzisa imodi yokuxhuga ukuze inciphise ukuphuma kwamandla, ivimbele umonakalo owengeziwe enjinini. Imodyuli yokulawula umzimba (i-BCM) isebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-CAN ukuze ifinyelele ukuvikelwa okuhlelekile kwe-logic yokuqalisa. Lapho ijubane lemoto lifika ku-10 km/h, ikhiya iminyango ngokuzenzakalelayo, ibangele ama-alamu azwakalayo nabonakalayo uma kwenzeka ukungena ngokungemthetho, futhi ivimbele nokuqala ngokungemthetho ngohlelo lokulwa nokwebiwa kwenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodyuli yokulawula yokuqalisa inamandla okuphatha amandla, ihlanganisa ukunikezwa kwamandla kwemishini kagesi esakazwayo yendabuko, inciphise inani lama-harnesses ezintambo ngaphezu kuka-40%, yehlisa ingozi yamasekethe amafushane nokuguguleka, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokulungisa.
Ukubonakaliswa kwamaphutha okuvamile kwemodyuli yokulawula yokuqalisa
Njengoba imoto iguga, imojuli yokulawula ukuqala ingabhekana nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yokuguga kwezingxenye noma amaphutha okuxhuma, ikakhulukazi abonakala njengezinhlobo ezintathu: ukuqala okungajwayelekile, ukushintshashintsha kwamandla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okungajwayelekile.
Ukubonakaliswa okusobala kakhulu ukwehluleka kokuqalisa. Uma i-ignition module ihluleka, izohluleka ukulawula ngokunembile isikhathi sokuqalisa, okubangela ubunzima ekuqaliseni injini noma ngisho nokungakwazi ngokuphelele ukuqalisa. Uma i-ECU inenkinga yesekethe yamandla noma umonakalo wememori, kuzoholela ngqo ekwehlulekeni kwemiyalelo yokuqalisa kanye nokufakwa kukaphethiloli, kukhubaze ngokuphelele uhlelo lokuqalisa. Amanye amamodeli angase futhi abhekane nokuphazamiseka kokuqalisa ngenxa yokwehluleka kokuxhumana kwe-CAN, njengekhodi yephutha le-P00A8 ekhombisa ukuphazamiseka kokudluliselwa kwesignali phakathi kwamamojula emoto, okubangela ukuthi i-start-up relay yehluleke ukuthola imiyalelo ye-ECU.
Ukuguquguquka kokukhishwa kwamandla kuyisibonakaliso esifihliwe sephutha. Imojuli yokushisa enephutha izobangela ukusha okungaphelele, okuholela ekunganele kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, ukusheshisa okuhamba kancane, kanye nokubambezeleka kokwenyuka kwesivinini okungaba ngu-0.5-1 ngomzuzwana; ezimweni ezingasebenzi, injini izophinde ibhekane nokudlidliza ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izovala ngqo. Idatha yenzwa ye-ECU engavamile ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwamandla, isibonelo, ukuphambuka esignalini yenzwa yokugeleza komoya kuzoholela ekubalweni okungalungile kokujova uphethiloli, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokushintsha komthwalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungajwayelekile kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi kuyimiphumela ephuma ephutheni. Imojula yokushisa enephutha izobangela ukusha okungaphelele, kwandise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngo-10%-15%, futhi kubangele ukukhishwa kwe-carbon monoxide kanye ne-hydrocarbon kudlule indinganiso izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Uma i-ECU ingena kwimodi yokuxhuga, izogcina ukusebenza okuyisisekelo ngokunciphisa ivolumu yokufaka uphethiloli, yize ingavimbela ukulimala kwenjini, izokwandisa ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, futhi kwamanye amamodeli, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungaphindeka kabili.
Amasu okuxilonga amaphutha kanye nokuphendula
Uma ubhekene namaphutha emojuli yokulawula yokuqalisa, kufanele kusetshenziswe indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga enezinhlangothi eziningi ehlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwekhodi yamaphutha, ukutholwa kwesignali, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezingxenye. Ekuxilongweni kobungcweti, isiqondiso senkinga siqala ngokunqunywa ngokufunda amakhodi amaphutha nge-OBD-II. Amakhodi P0351-P0358 akhomba ngqo iphutha lemojuli yokushisa, kuyilapho i-P00A8 ikhombisa ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile kwe-CAN. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-voltage waveform eyinhloko yemojuli yokushisa itholakala kusetshenziswa i-oscilloscope. Uma i-waveform ikhombisa umsindo noma ukuphazamiseka, kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi izingxenye zangaphakathi zemojuli zonakele. Ngamaphutha e-ECU, kuyadingeka ukuhlola kabanzi ukuthi i-voltage yesekethe yamandla ingaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile lika-13.5-14.5V, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlaziye ukuthi kukhona ukuphambuka ezimpawini zenzwa ngokuhlaziywa kokugeleza kwedatha.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwansuku zonke, abanikazi bezimoto bangathatha izixwayiso kusenesikhathi ngokubona izinto ezingavamile. Uma imoto ihlangabezana nokubambezeleka kokuqala okungaphezu kwemizuzwana emi-3, i-amplitude yokudlidliza okungenzi lutho edlula ama-rpm angu-50 ngomzuzu, noma ukwanda okungazelelwe kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungaphezu kuka-10%, kuyadingeka ukuya ngokushesha esikhungweni sochwepheshe ukuze kuhlolwe. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukushintsha imoduli yokusha kudinga ukufaka igrisi ye-silicone eqhuba ukushisa okuphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukushabalaliswa kokushisa, futhi uhlelo lwe-ECU kufanele lusebenzise uhlelo lokuqala olufaniswe nefektri ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha esibili abangelwa ukungafani kwamapharamitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanza njalo amadiphozithi ekhabhoni yenzwa nokuhlola ukuqina koxhumano lwe-wiring harness kunganciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokuvela kwamaphutha kumoduli yokulawula ukuqala. Umbhalo ongenhla ufingqa ngokuhlelekile imisebenzi eyinhloko, amaphutha ajwayelekile kanye nezinhlelo zokuphendula zemoduli yokulawula ukuqala kwemoto, uhlanganisa kokubili imingcele yobuchwepheshe kanye neziphakamiso zokulungisa ezisebenzayo. Unganikeza izinkomba kubasebenzi bokulungisa izimoto futhi usize abanikazi bezimoto baqonde umqondo wokusebenza kohlelo lokuqala lwemoto.
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