Umsebenzi oyinhloko wephampu yamanzi yemoto
Ohlelweni lokusebenza lwenjini yemoto, iphampu yamanzi "iyinhliziyo yamandla" yesistimu yokupholisa. Umsebenzi wayo uthinta ngqo isikhathi sokuphila kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza kwenjini.
Uma injini isebenza, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwesilinda ngenxa yokushiswa kukaphethiloli lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-2000°C. Uma lingapholi ngesikhathi, izingxenye zizobhekana nokwanda kokushisa futhi zingase zibambeke, amandla omshini azoncipha, futhi uwoyela wokugcoba uzohluleka ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu. Ekugcineni, injini izolimala. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wephampu yamanzi ukwandisa ingcindezi yepholisi, okuvumela ukuthi ijikeleze njalo ohlelweni lokupholisa. Ixhunywe ku-crankshaft yenjini nge-pulley. Lapho injini isebenza, iqhuba i-impeller yephampu yamanzi ukuthi ijikeleze. Ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla e-centrifugal, ipholisi iphonswa emaphethelweni omzimba wephampu bese icindezelwa endaweni yamanzi enjini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakheka indawo enengcindezi ephansi enkabeni ye-impeller, idonsa ipholisi epholile kusuka ku-radiator ibuyele ngaphakathi, kufezwe ukushintshana phakathi "kokujikeleza okuncane" kanye "nokujikeleza okukhulu": lapho injini ibanda, ipholisi ijikeleza kuphela ngaphakathi kwenjini ukuze isize ifinyelele ngokushesha izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elifanele; uma izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-80°C, i-thermostat iyavuleka, bese i-coolant igeleza ingene ku-radiator, isebenzisa ukugeleza komoya ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto ukususa ukushisa, igcina injini isebangeni elifanele lokusebenza kusukela ku-85°C kuya ku-95°C.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphampu yamanzi ingathuthukisa nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokupholisa. Iqinisekisa ukuthi i-coolant igeleza nge-block yesilinda yenjini, ikhanda lesilinda kanye nezinye izingxenye eziyinhloko ngengcindezi eyanele kanye nesivinini sokugeleza, isusa ukushisa ngokulinganayo, futhi igweme ukuguquguquka kwesilinda kanye nokuguguleka okubangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo. Kuma-injini ane-turbocharger, iphampu yamanzi idinga futhi ukuhlinzeka ngokupholisa i-turbocharger, iqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu kanye nesivinini esikhulu.
Amaphutha avamile kanye nokuhlonza amaphampu amanzi emoto
Amaphampu amanzi ezimoto asebenza ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu isikhathi eside, futhi avame ukwehluleka ngenxa yokuguguleka nokugqwala. Izinkinga ezivamile zifaka phakathi lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Ukuvuza kwe-coolant
Lokhu kungenye yamaphutha avame kakhulu ephampu yamanzi. Kubangelwa kakhulu yizivalo zamanzi ezigugile, ama-gasket okuvala awonakele noma imizimba yephampu eqhekekile. Isivalo samanzi siyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-coolant. Ukucwiliswa isikhathi eside ku-coolant kuzobangela ukugqwala nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kokuvala, futhi i-coolant izophuma ekuxhumekeni phakathi komgodi wephampu nomzimba wephampu, kushiye imikhondo epinki, eluhlaza kanye neminye i-coolant phansi kwenjini noma emigodini yokungenisa umoya yephampu yamanzi. Uma umzimba wephampu uqhekeka ngenxa yokubanda ebusika noma amaphutha okubumba, kuzoba nokuvuza okukhulu, okubangela ukuthi izinga le-coolant lehle ngokushesha futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kubangele isimo "sokubila" kwenjini.
Umthamo wokujikeleza kwegazi oncishisiwe
Ukuguguleka, ukukhululeka noma ukushelela kwe-impeller yephampu yamanzi, noma ukuguguleka kwebhande, kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokujikeleza kwe-coolant. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lamanzi enjini lizokhuphuka ngendlela engavamile, ukukhanya okuxwayisayo kokushisa kwamanzi kudeshibhodi kuzokhanya, futhi i-coolant ingachitheka isembozo sethangi lamanzi, okuholela emcimbini "wokubila". Ezindaweni ezishisayo zasehlobo noma ngaphansi kwezimo zemithwalo esindayo njengokukhwela amagquma noma ukudlula, inkinga isobala kakhulu. Ezinye izimoto zingase zibhekane nokushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi, okubangelwa ukusebenza okungazinzile kwe-impeller kanye nokujikeleza kwe-coolant okungalingani.
Umsindo ongajwayelekile kanye nokudlidliza okusebenzayo
Uma amabheringi ephampu yamanzi egugile noma kuxutshwa izinto zakwamanye amazwe, kuzoba nemisindo yokungqubuzana ebukhali, imisindo yokuthintana ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi umsindo uzokwanda ngokwanda kwesivinini senjini. Uma i-impeller ikhululekile noma yonakele, izobangela ukusebenza okungalingani kwephampu yamanzi, okuholela ekudlidlizeni kwenjini, ikakhulukazi lapho ingasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana okwandisiwe ekujikelezweni kwephampu yamanzi kuzothinta nokuzinza kwesivinini sokujikeleza kwenjini. Ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo ebusika, kungaba nokushintshashintsha kwesivinini noma ngisho nokuma kwenjini.
Ibhande elonakele
Uma amabheringi ephampu yamanzi ebanjwa noma i-impeller ibambekile, umthwalo osebhandeni lokudlulisa uzokhula kakhulu, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ibhande lizophuka, okubangela ukuthi ijeneretha, i-compressor yomoya opholile kanye nezinye izingxenye ziyeke ukusebenza, imoto ilahlekelwe yi-power steering kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla, futhi kubangele izingozi zokushayela.
Izimbangela kanye nokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwephampu yamanzi
Ukwenzeka kokwehluleka kwepompo yamanzi akuhlobene nje kuphela nezici zokuguga kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa okungafanele. Ukuguguleka kwemishini kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko. Izingxenye ezifana nama-bearings nama-impeller zizoguguleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukwehluleka kwegrisi yokugcoba kuzosheshisa le nqubo. Uma izinga le-pH le-coolant lidlula izinga elijwayelekile, lizoguguleka uphawu lwamanzi kanye nomzimba wepompo, okuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kophawu noma ekulimaleni kwezingxenye. Ebusika, uma amanzi engakhishwa ngesikhathi noma uma kusetshenziswa i-antifreeze esezingeni eliphansi, umzimba wepompo ungabanda futhi uqhekeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezeleka kwebhande okweqile kanye nokufakwa okungafanele kungabangela ukuthi i-bearing yepompo yonakale ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwansuku zonke, abanikazi bezimoto kufanele bahlole njalo izinga nesimo se-coolant. Kufanele bashintshe i-antifreeze ehlangabezana nezindinganiso njalo eminyakeni emi-2 noma amakhilomitha angama-40,000 ukuze bagweme ukusebenzisa amanzi ompompi noma olunye uketshezi oluqukethe ukungcola. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ngakunye, cela abasebenzi bokulungisa bahlole ukucindezeleka kwebhande kanye nokuguguleka kwephampu yamanzi. Uma kutholakala imifantu noma ukuguga, kushintshe ngesikhathi. Qaphela ukubheka ukuthi kukhona yini izimpawu zokuvuza kwamanzi phansi kwenjini. Lapho uqala imoto, qaphela ukuthi kukhona yini imisindo engajwayelekile engxenyeni engaphambili. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokushisa kwamanzi okungajwayelekile noma ukuvuza kwamanzi, yima imoto ngokushesha ukuze uyilungise ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezincane eziphenduka izinkinga ezinkulu njengokwehluleka kwenjini.
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