Umnyango.
Umnyango uwukunikeza umshayeli nabagibeli ukufinyelela emotweni, nokuhlukanisa ukuphazamiseka ngaphandle kwemoto, ukunciphisa umthelela ohlangothini ngezinga elithile, nokuvikela abagibeli. Ubuhle bemoto buhlobene nokuma komnyango. Ikhwalithi yomnyango ibonakala kakhulu ekusebenzeni komnyango okulwa nokushayisana, ukusebenza kokuvala umnyango, ukulula kokuvula nokuvala umnyango, kanye nezinye izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi. Ukumelana nokushayisana kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba lapho imoto ishayisana ohlangothini, ibanga le-buffer lifushane kakhulu, futhi kulula ukulimaza abagibeli emotweni.
Kuzoba okungenani nemishayo emibili yokulwa nokushayisana emnyango omuhle, futhi isisindo somshayo wokulwa nokushayisana siyasinda, okungukuthi, umnyango omuhle uyasinda ngempela. Kodwa uma umnyango usinda, kuba ngcono. Izimoto ezintsha zanamuhla, uma ukusebenza kokuphepha kungaqinisekiswa, abaklami bazothola izindlela zokunciphisa isisindo semoto, okuhlanganisa nomnyango (njengokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha) ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokwenani leminyango, imoto ingahlukaniswa ibe yiminyango emibili, iminyango emithathu, iminyango emine, iminyango emihlanu njalo njalo. Izimoto ezisetshenziselwa izinjongo zebhizinisi ikakhulukazi zineminyango emine, izimoto ezisetshenziselwa izinjongo zomndeni ziyatholakala ezineminyango emine kanye nemithathu nemihlanu (iminyango yangemuva iphakanyisiwe), kanti izimoto zezemidlalo ikakhulukazi zineminyango emibili.
Umnyango ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo ngokwendlela yawo yokuvula: Umnyango we-Cis: noma imoto isebenza, usengavalwa yingcindezi yokugeleza komoya, okuphephile, futhi kulula ngomshayeli ukuwubuka emuva lapho ebuyela emuva, ngakho-ke usetshenziswa kabanzi. Umnyango ovulekile obuyela emuva: uma imoto ishayela, uma ungavaliwe kahle, ungase uqhutshwe ukugeleza komoya okuzayo, ngakho-ke awusetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile usetshenziswa kuphela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulula kokungena nokuphuma ebhasini futhi kufaneleke esimweni sokuziphatha okuhle. Umnyango wemoto ohambayo ovundlile: inzuzo yawo ukuthi usengavulwa ngokugcwele lapho ibanga phakathi kodonga oluseceleni lomzimba kanye nesithiyo lincane. Umnyango ongaphezulu: Usetshenziswa kabanzi njengomnyango wangemuva wezimoto namabhasi alula, kodwa futhi usetshenziswa ezimotweni eziphansi. Umnyango ogoqekayo: Usetshenziswa kabanzi emabhasini amakhulu naphakathi. Umnyango wemoto ngokuvamile wakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu: umzimba womnyango, izesekeli zomnyango kanye nepuleti lesembozo sangaphakathi. Umzimba womnyango uqukethe ipuleti langaphakathi lomnyango, imoto engaphandle kwepuleti lomnyango, uhlaka lwefasitela lomnyango, ugongolo lokuqinisa umnyango kanye nepuleti lokuqinisa umnyango. Izesekeli zomnyango zifaka phakathi amahinji omnyango, izivalo zokuvula umnyango, izindlela zokukhiya umnyango kanye nezibambo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ingilazi yomnyango, iziphakamisi zengilazi kanye nezivalo. Ipuleti lesembozo sangaphakathi liqukethe ipuleti lokulungisa, ipuleti eliyinhloko, isikhumba sangaphakathi kanye ne-handrail yangaphakathi. Umnyango ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo ngokwenqubo yawo yokukhiqiza: umnyango ohlanganisiwe: amapuleti angaphakathi nangaphandle enziwe ngepuleti lensimbi lonke ngemva kokunyathela, izindleko zokuqala zokutshalwa kwezimali zesikhunta zendlela yokukhiqiza zikhulu, kodwa izinto ezifanele zokulinganisa zingancishiswa ngokufanele, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto liphansi. Umnyango ohlukanisiwe: ngokuhlanganiswa kohlaka lomnyango wemoto kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwepuleti langaphakathi nangaphandle lomnyango ohlanganisiwe, ukuhlanganiswa kohlaka lomnyango kungakhiqizwa ngokugoqa, izindleko ziphansi, umkhiqizo uphakeme, izindleko zesikhunta ezihambisanayo ziphansi, kodwa izindleko zokuhlola kamuva ziphakeme, futhi ukuthembeka kwenqubo kubi. Umehluko phakathi komnyango ohlanganisiwe nomnyango ohlukanisiwe ezindleleni eziphelele awumkhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokwezidingo ezifanele zomodeli ukuze kunqunywe isimo sesakhiwo esifanele. Ngenxa yezidingo zamanje eziphezulu zokumodela izimoto kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, isakhiwo sonke somnyango sivame ukuhlukaniswa. [2] Izidingo zokuklama zokuhlela ukusakazwa komnyango 1, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abagibeli bayakwazi ukungena nokuphuma, ukuvulwa okuphezulu kulawulwa ku-65° ~ 70°; 2. Akufanele kube nokuphazamiseka kwesikhundla nezinye izingxenye ngesikhathi sokuvulwa; 3, umnyango kufanele ukhiywe ngokuthembekile uma uvaliwe, ngeke uvuleke lapho ushayela; 4, ukulawula indlela yomnyango emuva, okuhlanganisa umnyango ngokukhululeka, ukukhanya kokuphakamisa ingilazi, njll.; 5, izidingo zokusebenza kahle kokuvala; 6, enobuso obukhulu obubonakalayo, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zombono ohlangothini; 7, ukuba namandla anele nokuqina ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi othembekile womnyango, ukunciphisa ukudlidliza kwengxenye yomnyango, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokushayisana kwemoto ohlangothini, ukuvimbela umnyango ukuthi ungacwili; 8, ukukhiqizwa komnyango okuhle, inqubo yokuhlanganisa. 1, ipuleti lomnyango wemoto: ukunyathelisa ishidi lensimbi elincane elingu-0.6 ~ 0.8mm; 2, umshayo wokuqinisa umnyango: okungukuthi, umshayo wokuvimbela ukushayisana komnyango, kunesimo sengxenye yeshubhu eliyindilinga elivaliwe, kodwa futhi nokunyathelisa ishidi lensimbi elinamandla aphezulu; 3, ipuleti langaphakathi lomnyango: ipuleti lokusekela elibalulekile, kodwa futhi nokunamathiselwa komnyango womzimba wokufaka, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ipuleti lensimbi elincane elijiyile. Linezici ezilandelayo: (1) kudingeka likhishwe ngaphandle komngcele ojulile ukuze kwakhiwe umnyango ojiyile; (2) Amatafula aqinile nagobile anezimo ezahlukahlukene adinga ukunyatheliswa ebusweni bepuleti ukuze kufakwe indlela yokwengeza; (3) Ukunyathela imigoqo ehlukahlukene yokuqinisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokunciphisa ukudlidliza nomsindo. 4, ipuleti lokuqinisa umnyango: umzimba womnyango uqiniswe kancane futhi usethwe. (1) Faka ingxenye yendlela yokuhlanganisa umnyango ebusweni bephaneli langaphakathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina namandla okuxhuma kwengxenye yokufaka; (2) Ipuleti lokuqinisa elingu-1.2 ~ 1.6mm libekwe ehinge lokufaka lomzimba womnyango, umkhawulo wokuvula kanye nokukhiya komnyango, futhi lihlanganiswe nepuleti langaphakathi lomnyango; (3) Amapuleti okuqinisa abekwe emnyango nangaphandle kwefasitela, futhi isakhiwo sokufaka esiqinile sefomu lesigaba kanye nomugqa wokuvala kufanele kucatshangelwe. 5, uhlaka lwefasitela lomnyango: ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa ukunyathela kweshidi lensimbi elincane noma ukubumba okugoqayo. Amaphuzu ayinhloko okufanele acatshangelwe esigabeni sesakhiwo sohlaka lwefasitela: (1) Ukuxhumana okulungile nohlaka lomnyango ohlangothini lomzimba; (2) Ukusebenza kahle kokuvala, umugqa wokuvala, ukwakheka komsele weglasi kanye nesakhiwo sokufaka; (3) Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphakamisa ingilazi; (4) Ukuqina kohlaka lwefasitela uqobo, olunomthelela omkhulu ophahleni; (5) Isakhiwo sokuxhuma sohlaka lwefasitela kanye namapuleti angaphakathi nangaphandle. Uma sihlola umnyango omusha wemoto, kumele siqale sibheke ukuthi umngcele womnyango omusha wemoto unezimbobo ezincane, bese sihlola ukuthi ikholomu A, ikholomu B, kanye nekholomu C yemoto entsha inezinkinga, kodwa futhi sihlole ukuthi i-prism yomngcele wemoto entsha inokugqwala, nansi indawo elula kakhulu yokwenza iphutha, ngoba abantu abaningi abavula umnyango, bazoshaya izithiyo ezizungeze umzimba ngengozi, ngakho-ke kuzobangela ukugqwala kupende we-prismatic. Ukuhlolwa komnyango wemoto entsha, ekuhlolweni kwemoto entsha ukuze kunakwe kakhulu ukubheka i-prism yokuhlolwa komnyango wemoto entsha nakuba kungabalulekile njengokuhlolwa kokudluliselwa kwemoto, kodwa akunakunganakwa, phela, uma umnyango wemoto entsha ungavaliwe kahle, okuholela ekuvuza kwamanzi lapho lina, noma uma kube yimoto yengozi, awucindezelekile kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa lapho umnyango wemoto entsha uvaliwe: Bheka ukuthi igebe elisezinhlangothini zombili zomnyango wemoto entsha libushelelezi, libushelelezi, lilingana ngobukhulu, nokuthi ukulingana okuseduze kusezingeni elifanayo, ngoba uma umnyango ufakwe ngezinkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi umnyango uphakeme noma uphansi kunolunye uhlangothi lomnyango. Ngaphezu kokubheka ngokucophelela, lesi sinyathelo sidinga nokuthintwa ngesandla. Okwesibili, ukuhlolwa lapho umnyango wemoto entsha uvulwa: Bheka ukuthi umucu werabha emnyango wemoto entsha kanye nensika engu-A kanye nensika engu-B yemoto entsha kuyinto evamile, ngoba uma umucu werabha ufakwe ngendlela engafanele, ukuvalwa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokukhishwa komnyango kuzobangela ukuguquka komucu werabha ezinhlangothini zombili. Ngale ndlela, ukuqina kwemoto entsha ngeke kube kuhle kakhulu, futhi kungabangela ukuthi amanzi athelwe emotweni entsha uma lina. Okwesithathu, ukuhlolwa komnyango wemoto entsha kufanele futhi kuhlole ngokucophelela ukuthi izingxenye ezingaphakathi kwensika engu-A yemoto entsha zipendwe ngokujwayelekile nokuthi izikulufo ziqinile yini. Akuzona izikulufo lapha kuphela, empeleni, izikulufo ezikuyo yonke indawo yemoto entsha kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela. 4. Shintsha umnyango ngamunye izikhathi eziningana, uzizwe ukuthi inqubo yokushintsha ibushelelezi futhi ingokwemvelo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona umsindo ongajwayelekile. Icebiso Elinobungane: Lapho kuhlolwa umnyango omusha wemoto, kumelwe sibuyele emuva naphambili ngokuphindaphindiwe, sibheke ngezindlela eziningi, sibhekane ngezandla, ukuze sithole inkinga. Ukuhlolwa kwemoto entsha akumelwe kwesabe izinkinga, futhi ukuhlolwa komnyango omusha wemoto akubonakali nje kuphela emnyango, kodwa iminyango emine yemoto emisha yenziwe ngokungathi sína, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ngezinga elikhulu.
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