Isibani sekhanda.
Izibani zemoto ngokuvamile zakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu: isibani, isibuko esikhanyayo kanye nesibuko esifanelanayo (isibuko se-astigmatism).
1. isibani
Amabhalu asetshenziswa ezibanini zezimoto amabhalu akhanyayo, amabhalu e-halogen tungsten, amabhalu amasha e-arc akhanya kakhulu njalo njalo.
(1) Ibhalbhu elikhanyayo: i-filament yayo yenziwe ngocingo lwe-tungsten (i-tungsten inendawo yokuncibilika ephezulu kanye nokukhanya okuqinile). Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuze kwandiswe impilo yebhalbhu, i-bulb igcwaliswa ngegesi engasebenzi (i-nitrogen kanye nengxube yayo yamagesi angasebenzi). Lokhu kunganciphisa ukuhwamuka kocingo lwe-tungsten, kwandise izinga lokushisa locingo, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya. Ukukhanya okuvela kubhalbhu elikhanyayo kunombala ophuzi.
(2) Isibani se-tungsten halide: Isibani sokukhanya se-tungsten halide sifakwa kugesi engasebenzi kahle ku-element ethile ye-halide (njenge-iodine, i-chlorine, i-fluorine, i-bromine, njll.), kusetshenziswa isimiso sokusabela kabusha kwe-tungsten halide, okungukuthi, i-tungsten ephefumulayo esuka ku-filament isabela ne-halogen ukuze ikhiqize i-halide ye-tungsten eguquguqukayo, esakazeka endaweni yokushisa okuphezulu eduze kwe-filament, futhi iboliswe ukushisa, ukuze i-tungsten ibuyiselwe ku-filament. I-halogen ekhishwe iyaqhubeka nokusabalalisa futhi ihlanganyele ekusabeleni komjikelezo olandelayo, ngakho-ke umjikelezo uyaqhubeka, ngaleyo ndlela uvimbele ukuhwamuka kwe-tungsten kanye nokuba mnyama kwe-bulb. Usayizi we-bulb yokukhanya ye-tungsten halogen mncane, igobolondo le-bulb lenziwe ngengilazi ye-quartz enokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye namandla aphezulu omshini, ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo, ukukhanya kwesibani se-tungsten halogen kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.5 kunokwesibani se-incandescent, futhi impilo iphindwe izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3.
(3) Isibani esisha se-arc esikhanya kakhulu: Lesi sibani asinayo i-filament yendabuko ebhalbhuni. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-electrode amabili afakwa ngaphakathi kweshubhu le-quartz. Ishubhu ligcwele i-xenon kanye nezinsimbi zokulandelela (noma ama-halide ensimbi), futhi uma kune-voltage eyanele ye-arc ku-electrode (5000 ~ 12000V), igesi iqala ukwenza i-ionize futhi iqhube ugesi. Ama-athomu egesi asesimweni sokujabula futhi aqala ukukhipha ukukhanya ngenxa yokuguquka kwezinga lamandla lama-electron. Ngemuva kwama-0.1s, inani elincane lomhwamuko we-mercury liyahwamuka phakathi kwama-electrode, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla kudluliselwa ngokushesha ekukhishweni kwe-mercury vapor arc, bese kudluliselwa esibanini se-halide arc ngemva kokuphakama kwezinga lokushisa. Ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kufinyelele ekushiseni okuvamile kokusebenza kwebhalbhu, amandla okugcina ukukhishwa kwe-arc kuphansi kakhulu (cishe ama-35w), ngakho-ke ama-40% wamandla kagesi angasindiswa.
2. isibonisi
Indima yesibonisi ukukhulisa i-polymerization yokukhanya okukhishwa yibhalbhu ibe umsebe oqinile ukuze kwandiswe ibanga lokushiswa kwemisebe.
Isimo sobuso besibuko siyi-paraboloid ejikelezayo, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngensimbi encane engu-0.6 ~ 0.8mm egxishwe noma eyenziwe ngepulasitiki, ingilazi. Ubuso obungaphakathi bumbozwe ngesiliva, i-aluminium noma i-chrome bese bupholishwa; I-filament itholakala endaweni eqondile yesibuko, futhi iningi lemisebe yaso yokukhanya iyaboniswa futhi idutshulwe kude njengemisebe ehambisanayo. Isibani sokukhanya esingenasibuko singakhanyisa ibanga elingaba ngu-6m kuphela, kanti umsebe ohambisanayo oboniswa yisibuko ungakhanyisa ibanga elingaphezu kuka-100m. Ngemva kwesibuko, kuba khona inani elincane lokukhanya okuhlakazekile, okungaphezulu akusebenzi nhlobo, kanti ukukhanya okuseceleni naphansi kusiza ukukhanyisa ubuso bomgwaqo kanye nomngcele ongama-5 kuya ku-10m.
3. ilensi
I-Pantoscope, eyaziwa nangokuthi ingilazi ye-astigmatic, iyinhlanganisela yama-prism namalensi akhethekile amaningana, futhi ukuma kwayo ngokuvamile kuyindilinga futhi kuyindilinga. Umsebenzi wesibuko esifanelanayo uwukuphikisa umsebe ohambisanayo oboniswa yisibuko, ukuze umgwaqo ophambi kwemoto ube nokukhanya okuhle nokulinganayo.
hlunga
Uhlelo lwe-headlamp optical luyinhlanganisela yebhalbhu yokukhanya, i-reflector kanye nesibuko esihambisanayo. Ngokwesakhiwo esihlukile sohlelo lwe-headlamp optical, isibani sekhanda singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: esivaliwe kancane, esivaliwe kanye nesibonakalayo.
1. Isibani sangaphambili esivalwe kancane
Isibuko sesibani sekhanda esivaliwe kancane nesibuko sinamathelana ndawonye, isibani singalayishwa kusukela ngemuva kwesibuko, inzuzo yesibani sekhanda esivaliwe kancane ukuthi intambo eshisiwe idinga kuphela ukufaka isibani esikhundleni saso, inkinga ukuvalwa kahle. Isibani sekhanda esihlanganisiwe sihlanganisa isignali yokujika yangaphambili, isibani sobubanzi bangaphambili, isibani sokukhanya okuphezulu kanye nokukhanya okuphansi kube yinto yonke, kuyilapho i-reflector kanye ne-pantoscope kwenziwa kube yinto yonke kusetshenziswa izinto eziphilayo, futhi isibani singalayishwa kalula ngemuva. Ngama-headlight ahlanganisiwe, abakhiqizi bezimoto bangakhiqiza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwelensi ehambisana nesibani sekhanda uma kudingeka ukuze bathuthukise izici ze-aerodynamic zezimoto, ukonga uphethiloli kanye nesitayela sezimoto.
2. Izibani zangaphambili ezivalekile
Izibani zekhanda ezivalekile nazo zihlukaniswe ngezibani zekhanda ezivalekile ezijwayelekile kanye nezibani zekhanda ezivalekile ze-halogen.
Uhlelo lokukhanya lwesibani sekhanda esivalekile esijwayelekile luwukuhlanganisa nokushisela isibonisi kanye nesibuko esifanelanayo sibe yi-whole ukuze sakhe indlu yebhalbhu, bese i-filament ishiselwa esisekelweni sesibonisi. Ubuso besibonisi bukhanyiswe nge-vacuum, futhi isibani sigcwele igesi engasebenzi kanye ne-halogen. Izinzuzo zalesi sakhiwo ukusebenza kahle kokuvala, isibuko ngeke singcoliswe umoya, ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya okuphezulu, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuba i-filament isishisiwe, lonke iqembu lokukhanyisa lidinga ukushintshwa, futhi izindleko ziphakeme.
3. Isibani sekhanda esibonakalayo
Uhlelo lwe-optical lwesibani sekhanda esibonakalayo lwakhiwe kakhulu ngebhalbhu yokukhanya, i-reflector, isibuko somthunzi kanye nesibuko esihambisana ne-convex. Sebenzisa isibuko esibonakalayo esibanzi kakhulu esingaqoshwanga, isibuko siyindilinga. Ngakho ububanzi baso bangaphandle buncane kakhulu. Izibani zekhanda eziboniswayo zinamaphuzu amabili okugxila, ukugxila kokuqala yibhalbhu kanti ukugxila kwesibili kwakheka ekukhanyeni. Gxilisa ukukhanya ngesibuko esibonakalayo bese ukuphonsa kude. Inzuzo yalo ukuthi ukusebenza kokugxila kuhle, futhi indlela yayo yokubonisa imisebe yile:
(1) Ukukhanya okukhishelwa engxenyeni engenhla yebhalbhu kudlula ku-reflector kuye ku-focus yesibili, futhi kugxilwe ebangeni elidlula esibukweni esihambisanayo esiqondile.
(2) Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya okukhishelwa engxenyeni engezansi yebhalbhu kuboniswa yisibuko esifihlayo, kuboniswe emuva kusibonisi bese kuphonswa kugxilwe kwesibili, bese kugxilwe ebangeni elidlula esibukweni esihambisanayo esiqondile.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwezimoto, izidingo zezibani zangaphambili yilezi: kokubili ukuba nokukhanya okuhle, kodwa futhi nokugwema ukuphuphuthekisa umshayeli wemoto ezayo, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwezibani zangaphambili kufanele kunake amaphuzu alandelayo:
(1) Gcina i-pantoscope yesibani sekhanda ihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi uma ushayela emvuleni naseqhweni, ukungcola nokungcola kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kokukhanya kwesibani sekhanda ngo-50%. Amanye amamodeli afakwe ama-wiper esibani sekhanda kanye nezifutho zamanzi.
(2) Uma izimoto ezimbili zihlangana ebusuku, izimoto ezimbili kufanele zicime ukukhanya okuphezulu kwesibani sekhanda bese zishintshela ekukhanyeni okuseduze ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokushayela.
(3) Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesibani sekhanda, umsebe wesibani sekhanda kufanele uhlolwe futhi ulungiswe ngemva kokuthi isibani sekhanda sesishintshiwe noma ngemva kokuba imoto isishayelwe amakhilomitha ayi-10,000.
(4) Hlola njalo isibani sokukhanyisa kanye nesokhethi yomugqa kanye nensimbi eyisisekelo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi i-oxidation kanye ne-release, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuxhumana kwesixhumi kuhle nokuthi insimbi eyisisekelo ithembekile. Uma ukuxhumana kukhululekile, lapho isibani sekhanda sivuliwe, kuzokhiqiza ukushaqeka kwamandla kagesi ngenxa yokuvala kwesekethe, ngaleyo ndlela kushise i-filament, futhi uma ukuxhumana ku-oxidation, kuzonciphisa ukukhanya kwesibani ngenxa yokwanda kokwehla kwengcindezi yokuxhumana.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, qhubeka ufunda ezinye izihloko ezikulesi siza!
Sicela usishayele ucingo uma udinga imikhiqizo enjalo.
I-Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. izibophezele ekuthengiseni izingxenye zezimoto ze-MG&MAUXS futhi wamukelekile ukuzithenga.
