Ikhoyili yokushisa
Njengoba injini kaphethiloli yemoto ithuthukiswe ngendlela yesivinini esikhulu, isilinganiso sokucindezela okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi kanye nokukhishwa okuphansi komoya, idivayisi yokushisa yendabuko ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zedivayisi yokushisa yi-coil yokushisa kanye nedivayisi yokushintsha, okuthuthukisa amandla e-coil yokushisa, i-spark plug ingakhiqiza i-spark yamandla eyanele, okuyisimo esiyisisekelo sedivayisi yokushisa ukuze ivumelane nokusebenza kwezinjini zesimanje.
Ngokuvamile kuba namasethi amabili amakhoyili ngaphakathi kwekhoyili yokushisa, ikhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili. Ikhoyili eyinhloko isebenzisa ucingo olujiyile olune-enamel, ngokuvamile ucingo olune-enamel oluyi-0.5-1 mm cishe luzungeze amajika angu-200-500; Ikhoyili yesibili isebenzisa ucingo oluncane olune-enamel, ngokuvamile ucingo olune-enamel oluyi-0.1 mm cishe luzungeze amajika angu-15000-25000. Ukuphela kwekhoyili eyinhloko kuxhunywe kugesi ophansi (+) emotweni, kanti okunye kuxhunywe kudivayisi yokushintsha (i-breaker). Ukuphela kwekhoyili yesibili kuxhunywe nekhoyili eyinhloko, kanti okunye kuxhunywe nokuphela kokuphuma komugqa we-voltage ephezulu ukuze kuphume i-voltage ephezulu.
Isizathu sokuthi ikhoyili yokushisa ingaguqula i-voltage ephansi ibe yi-voltage ephezulu emotweni ukuthi inesimo esifanayo ne-transformer evamile, futhi ikhoyili eyinhloko inesilinganiso sokujika esikhulu kunekhoyili yesibili. Kodwa imodi yokusebenza kwekhoyili yokushisa ihlukile kune-transformer evamile, imvamisa yokusebenza kwe-transformer evamile iqinile i-50Hz, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-power frequency transformer, kanti ikhoyili yokushisa isesimweni somsebenzi we-pulse, ingabhekwa njenge-pulse transformer, ngokwejubane elihlukile lenjini kumaza ahlukene okugcina amandla nokukhipha amandla okuphindaphindiwe.
Uma ikhoyili eyinhloko ivuliwe, kukhiqizwa insimu enamandla yamagnetic nxazonke njengoba ugesi ukhuphuka, futhi amandla ensimu yamagnetic agcinwa enkabeni yensimbi. Lapho idivayisi yokushintsha inqamula isekethe yekhoyili eyinhloko, insimu yamagnetic yekhoyili eyinhloko ibola ngokushesha, futhi ikhoyili yesibili izwa i-voltage ephezulu. Lapho insimu yamagnetic yekhoyili eyinhloko ishesha ukunyamalala, ugesi omkhulu ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kogesi, futhi lapho isilinganiso sokujika kwamakhoyili amabili sikhulu, kulapho i-voltage ebangelwa ikhoyili yesibili iphakama khona.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isikhathi sokuphila kwekhoyili yokushisa sincike ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemoto, futhi ngokuvamile sidinga ukushintshwa ngemva kweminyaka emi-2-3 noma amakhilomitha angama-30,000 kuya kwangama-50,000.
Ikhoyili yokushisa iyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokushisa injini yezimoto, indima yayo eyinhloko ukuguqula ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi emotweni kube ugesi onamandla aphezulu ukuze kuvuswe igesi exubile esilinda futhi kukhuthazwe ukusebenza kwenjini.
Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakala ukuthi injini kunzima ukuyiqala, ukusheshisa akuzinzile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyanda, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi ikhoyili yokushisa idinga ukushintshwa ngesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintshwa kwekhoyili yokushisa kudingeka kwenziwe ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhoyili yokushisa eshintshiwe ingasebenza kahle futhi igweme ezinye izinkinga ezibangelwa ukusebenza okungafanele.
Isakhiwo sekhoyili yokushisa. Ikhoyili yokushisa ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ikhoyili eyinhloko kanye nekhoyili yesibili. Ikhoyili eyinhloko yenziwe ngocingo olujiyile olune-enamel, olunengxenye eyodwa exhunywe ku-terminal enhle yokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi emotweni kanti enye ingxenye ixhunywe kudivayisi yokushintsha (i-circuit breaker).
Ikhoyili yesibili yenziwe ngocingo oluhle olune-enamel, uhlangothi olulodwa luxhunywe kukhoyili eyinhloko, kanti olunye uhlangothi luxhunywe ekugcineni kokukhipha ucingo olunamandla aphezulu ukuze kukhishwe ugesi olunamandla aphezulu. Ikhoyili yokushisa ngokwesekethe yamagnetic ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo oluvulekile lwe-magnetic kanye nohlobo lwesibili lwe-magnetic oluvaliwe. Ikhoyili yokushisa yendabuko ivulekile-magnetic, umongo wayo wenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi le-silicon elingu-0.3mm, amakhoyili esibili kanye namakhoyili ayinhloko aboshwe emongweni wensimbi; Kufakwe ikhoyili eyinhloko enomongo wensimbi, ikhoyili yesibili igoqwe ngaphandle, kanti umugqa wensimu yamagnetic wakhiwe umongo wensimbi ukuze kwakhiwe isekethe evaliwe ye-magnetic.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokushintsha ikhoyili yokushisa. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwekhoyili yokushisa kudinga ukwenziwa uchwepheshe ochwepheshe, ngoba ukushintshwa okungafanele kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga. Ngaphambi kokushintsha ikhoyili yokushisa, nqamula imoto ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla, susa ikhoyili yokushisa, bese uhlola ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zonakele noma zigugile, njengezinhlansi, amakhoyili ekhoyili yokushisa, kanye namamojula ekhoyili yokushisa.
Uma ezinye izingxenye zitholakala zinephutha, nazo kufanele zishintshwe. Ngemva kokushintsha ikhoyili yokushisa, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulungisa uhlelo ukuqinisekisa ukuqala nokusebenza okuvamile kwenjini, futhi kugwenywe izimo ezingavamile njengobunzima bokuqalisa, ukungazinzi kokusheshisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe.
Indima yekhoyili yokushisa. Indima eyinhloko yekhoyili yokushisa ukuguqula amandla aphansi abe ugesi we-voltage ephezulu ukuze kuvuthe ingxube yegesi esilinda bese kusunduzwa injini ukuthi isebenze. Isimiso esisebenzayo sekhoyili yokushisa ukusebenzisa isimiso sokungenisa i-electromagnetic ukuguqula ukunikezwa kwamandla aphansi emoto kube ugesi we-voltage ephezulu, ukuze i-spark plug ikhiqize izinhlansi futhi ivuthe igesi exubile.
Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yekhoyili yokushisa kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwenjini. Uma ikhoyili yokushisa yehluleka, kuzoholela ebunzimeni ekuqaliseni injini, ukusheshisa okungazinzile, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe kanye nezinye izinkinga, okuzothinta kakhulu ukuphepha nenduduzo yemoto.
Ngamafuphi, ikhoyili yokushisa iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokushisa injini yezimoto futhi idinga ukuhlolwa nokufakwa kabusha njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi injini isebenza kahle. Lapho kufakwa esikhundleni ikhoyili yokushisa, ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe kudingeka banake ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe kunezinkinga yini ngezinye izingxenye ezihlobene, kanye nokulungisa amaphutha ohlelweni ukuze kugwenywe okunye ukwehluleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele futhi siqonde isimiso sokusebenza kanye nesakhiwo sekhoyili yokushisa ukuze silondoloze futhi silondoloze kangcono imoto yethu.
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