I-Piston.
I-Piston ingumnyakazo ophindaphindayo emzimbeni wesilinda wenjini yemoto. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-piston singahlukaniswa sibe phezulu, ikhanda nesiketi. Ingaphezulu le-piston liyingxenye eyinhloko yegumbi elivuthayo, futhi ukuma kwayo kuhlobene nefomu legumbi elikhethiwe elivuthayo. Izinjini zikaphethiloli zisebenzisa kakhulu ipiston eyisicaba, enenzuzo yendawo encane yokumunca ukushisa. I-piston top yenjini kadizili ivamise ukuba nemigodi ehlukahlukene, ukwakheka kwayo okuqondile, indawo kanye nosayizi kufanele kube nokwakheka kwengxube yenjini kadizili kanye nezidingo zomlilo.
I-piston top iyingxenye yegumbi elivuthayo, ngakho-ke ivame ukwakhiwa ngezimo ezihlukene, futhi i-piston yenjini kaphethiloli ngokuvamile isebenzisa indawo eyisicaba noma i-concave top, ukuze igumbi lomlilo lihlangene, indawo yokukhipha ukushisa incane. , futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula. Ama-convex head pistons avame ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini ezimbili zikaphethiloli. Iziqongo zepiston zezinjini zikadizili zivame ukwenziwa ngemigodi ehlukahlukene.
Ikhanda le-piston liyingxenye engaphezulu kwesihlalo sephini le-piston, futhi ikhanda le-piston lifakwe ngendandatho ye-piston ukuvimbela ukushisa okuphezulu kanye negesi yokucindezela okukhulu ukuthi ingangeni ku-crankcase futhi ivimbele amafutha ukuba angangeni ekamelweni elivuthayo; Ukushisa okuningi okumuncwa phezulu kwepiston nakho kudluliselwa kusilinda ngekhanda lepiston, bese kudluliselwa endaweni yokupholisa.
Ikhanda le-piston licutshungulwa ngemigqa eminingana yokufaka amasongo e-piston, futhi inani lamasongo e-piston lincike ezidingweni zophawu, oluhlobene nesivinini senjini nokucindezela kwesilinda. Izinjini zejubane eliphezulu zinezindandatho ezimbalwa kunezinjini ezinejubane eliphansi, futhi izinjini zikaphethiloli zinezindandatho ezimbalwa kunezinjini zikadizili. Izinjini ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli zisebenzisa izindandatho zegesi ezi-2 nendandatho kawoyela engu-1; Injini kadizili inezindandatho zegesi ezi-3 kanye nendandatho kawoyela engu-1; Injini yedizili enesivinini esiphansi isebenzisa izindandatho zegesi ezi-3 ~ 4. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwe-friction, ukuphakama kwengxenye yebhande kufanele kuncishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi inani lamasongo kufanele lincishiswe ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukuvala.
Zonke izingxenye zeringi ye-piston ngaphansi komsele zibizwa ngokuthi iziketi ze-piston. Iqhaza layo ukuqondisa i-piston kusilinda ukuze inyakaze futhi imelane nengcindezi eseceleni. Lapho injini isebenza, ngenxa yomphumela wokucindezela kwegesi kusilinda, i-piston izogoba futhi ikhubazeke. Ngemuva kokuthi i-piston isishisiwe, inani lokunwetshwa likhulu kunelezinye izindawo ngenxa yensimbi ephinikhodi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-piston izokhiqiza i-extrusion deformation ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela ohlangothini. Njengomphumela we-deformation engenhla, isigaba sesiketi se-piston siba i-ellipse ekuqondeni kwe-axis ende perpendicular to piston pin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwezinga lokushisa nesisindo eduze kwe-axis ye-piston, ukunwetshwa okushisayo kwesigaba ngasinye kukhulu phezulu futhi kuncane phansi.
Ukwehluleka okuyinhloko komhlangano we-piston nezimbangela zabo zimi kanje:
1. Ukukhishwa kwendawo engaphezulu yepiston. I-piston ablation ivela phezulu kwepiston, nomgodi ovulekile emakesini alula kanye nokuncibilika kwendawo ezimweni ezinzima. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokukhishwa kwesiqongo se-piston sibangelwa ukusha okungavamile, ukuze phezulu kwamukele ukushisa okukhulu noma kugijime ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu ngemva kokuba indandatho ye-piston ibambelele futhi iphukile.
2, phezulu kwepiston kuyaqhekeka. Isiqondiso sokuqhekeka endaweni engaphezulu ye-piston ngokuvamile i-perpendicular ku-axis ye-pin hole ye-piston, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuqhekeka kokukhathala okubangelwa ukucindezeleka okushisayo. Isizathu: ukusebenza okugcwele kwenjini kuholela ekuguquguqukeni ngokweqile kwepiston, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kokukhathala kwendawo engaphezulu yepiston;
3, i-piston ring groove side igqoke odongeni. Lapho i-piston ihamba phezulu naphansi, indandatho ye-piston kufanele ibe yi-radial telescopic ne-deformation yesilinda, ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa le-ring groove yokuqala liphezulu, futhi lithintwa "umthelela" wegesi kanye ne-oyela wedge, i-ring friction kanye nokudlidliza kwenzeka emseleni wendandatho, okubangela ukuguga;
4. Indandatho ye-piston iyi-coke enamathiselwe emgodini we-ring. I-piston ring coking ingumphumela wokufakwa kwe-oxidation yamafutha okugcoba noma ukulahlekelwa yindandatho yenkululeko yokuhamba ethangini, lokhu kwehluleka kuyingozi kakhulu. Izizathu eziyinhloko: injini diesel overheating noma isikhathi eside overload umsebenzi, ukuze lubricating uwoyela gum, piston indandatho, isilinda deformation sína ezishisayo; Ukungcoliswa kwamafutha okugcoba kubi kakhulu, izinga likawoyela wokugcoba liphansi; Umshini wokungenisa umoya we-crankcase awusebenzi kahle, obangela ukucindezela okubi ngokweqile noma ukucinana komoya okungekuhle kwesilinda, okuholela ekugijimeni kukawoyela. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha afanelekayo ukuvimbela injini ye-diesel ekushiseni ngokweqile.
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