Isihlungi samafutha.
Isihlungi samafutha, esaziwa nangokuthi igridi yamafutha. Sisetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola okufana nothuli, izinhlayiya zensimbi, ama-carbon precipitates kanye nezinhlayiya zomsoco kumafutha ukuvikela injini.
Isihlungi samafutha sinohlobo lokugeleza okugcwele kanye nohlobo lwe-shunt. Isihlungi sokugeleza okugcwele sixhunywe ngokulandelana phakathi kwephampu yamafutha kanye nendlela eyinhloko yamafutha, ngakho-ke singahlunga wonke amafutha okugcoba angena endleleni eyinhloko yamafutha. Isihlanzi se-shunt sihambisana nendlela eyinhloko yamafutha, futhi ingxenye kuphela yamafutha okugcoba athunyelwa yiphampu yamafutha okuhlunga iyahlungwa.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, izingcezu zensimbi, uthuli, amadiphozithi ekhabhoni agcizelelwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, izinsalela ze-colloidal, namanzi kuxutshwa njalo namafutha okugcoba. Indima yesihlungi samafutha ukuhlunga lokhu kungcola kwemishini kanye ne-glia, ukugcina uwoyela wokugcoba uhlanzekile, nokwandisa impilo yawo yokusebenza. Isihlungi samafutha kufanele sibe namandla okuhlunga aqinile, ukumelana nokugeleza okuncane, impilo yesevisi ende kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Uhlelo lokugcoba olujwayelekile luhlonyiswe ngezihlungi eziningana ezinomthamo wokuhlunga ohlukile - isihlungi sokuqoqa, isihlungi esiqinile kanye nesihlungi esincane, ngokulandelana ngokulingana noma ngochungechunge endaweni enkulu yamafutha. (Isihlungi esigcwele ochungechungeni esinendlela enkulu yamafutha sibizwa ngokuthi, kanti uwoyela wokugcoba uhlungwa yisihlungi lapho injini isebenza; Esihambisana nayo sibizwa ngokuthi isihlungi se-shunt). Isihlungi esiqinile sixhunywe ngochungechunge endaweni enkulu yamafutha ukuze kugeleze ngokugcwele; Isihlungi esincane si-shunt ngokulinganayo endaweni enkulu yamafutha. Izinjini zezimoto zanamuhla ngokuvamile zinesihlungi sokuqoqa kanye nesihlungi samafutha esigcwele. Isihlungi esiqinile sisusa ukungcola emafutheni ngosayizi wezinhlayiya ezingaphezu kuka-0.05mm, kanti isihlungi esincane sisetshenziselwa ukuhlunga ukungcola okuncane ngosayizi wezinhlayiya ezingaphezu kuka-0.001mm.
Izici zobuchwepheshe
● Iphepha lokuhlunga: Isihlungi samafutha sinezidingo eziphakeme zephepha lokuhlunga kunesihlungi somoya, ikakhulukazi ngoba izinga lokushisa lamafutha liyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-degrees angu-0 kuya kwangu-300, futhi ukuhlushwa kwamafutha nakho kuyashintsha ngokufanele ngaphansi kokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, okuzothinta ukugeleza kwesihlungi samafutha. Iphepha lokuhlunga lesihlungi samafutha sekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele likwazi ukuhlunga ukungcola ngaphansi kokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa ngenkathi liqinisekisa ukugeleza okwanele.
● Indandatho yokuvala yerabha: Indandatho yokuvala yesihlungi yamafutha asezingeni eliphezulu yenziwe ngerabha ekhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uwoyela awuphumi ngokuphelele.
● I-valve yokucindezela ukubuyisa: Kutholakala izihlungi zikawoyela ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuphela. Uma injini icishiwe, ingavimbela isihlungi sikawoyela ukuthi some; Uma injini ivuselelwa, idala ingcindezi ngokushesha futhi inikeze uwoyela wokugcoba injini. (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-valve yokubuyisa)
● I-valve yokusiza: Kutholakala izihlungi zikawoyela ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuphela. Lapho izinga lokushisa langaphandle lehla liye enanini elithile noma lapho isihlungi sikawoyela sidlula umkhawulo wokuphila kwenkonzo ojwayelekile, i-valve yokusiza ivuleka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekhethekile, okuvumela uwoyela ongahlungiwe ukuthi ugeleze ngqo enjinini. Noma kunjalo, ukungcola ku-oyela kuzongena enjinini ndawonye, kodwa umonakalo mncane kakhulu kunomonakalo obangelwa ukungabikho kwamafutha enjinini. Ngakho-ke, i-valve yokusiza iyisihluthulelo sokuvikela injini esimweni esiphuthumayo. (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-valve ye-bypass).
Isihlungi samafutha kufanele sishintshwe kangaki
Umjikelezo wokushintsha isihlungi samafutha uncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwamafutha asetshenziswa emotweni, okuhlanganisa uwoyela wamaminerali, uwoyela owenziwe kancane kanye namafutha ahlanganiswe ngokuphelele, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lwamafutha lunezincomo ezahlukene zokushintsha. Okulandelayo imijikelezo nezincomo zokushintsha ezinemininingwane:
Uwoyela wamaminerali: Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi kushintshwe isihlungi samafutha njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-3000-4000 noma isigamu sonyaka.
Uwoyela owenziwe kancane: Umjikelezo wokufaka esikhundleni ngokuvamile uvame ukuba njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-5000-6000 noma isigamu sonyaka ukuze kufakwe esikhundleni isihlungi samafutha.
Uwoyela ogcwele owenziwe: Umjikelezo wokufaka esikhundleni umude kakhulu, ngokuvamile njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-8 noma amakhilomitha angu-8000-10000 ukuze kufakwe esikhundleni sesihlungi samafutha.
Ngaphezu kokuhamba ibanga elide, ungashintsha nesihlungi sikawoyela ngokwesikhathi, kanje:
Uwoyela wamaminerali: Shintsha njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-5000.
Uwoyela owenziwe kancane: shintsha njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-7500.
Uwoyela owenziwe ngokuphelele: Shintsha njalo ngamakhilomitha ayi-10,000.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njalo uma uwoyela ushintshwa, isihlungi samafutha kufanele sishintshwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi injini ihlala ithola uwoyela ogcobayo ohlanzekile. Uma isihlungi samafutha singashintshwa ngesikhathi, kungaholela ekuvalekeni kwesihlungi, kuthinte ukuhamba kwamafutha, bese kuthikameze ukusebenza nokuphila kwenjini.
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