I-Condenser.
I-Condenser, ingxenye yesistimu yesiqandisi, ingeye-heater, engaguqula igesi noma umhwamuko ube uketshezi, futhi idlulisele ukushisa okuseshubhu emoyeni eduze kweshubhu ngendlela eshesha kakhulu. Inqubo yokusebenza ye-condenser iyinqubo yokukhishwa kokushisa, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa le-condenser liphezulu.
Ama-condenser amaningi asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zikagesi ukuze kuncishiswe isitimu kuma-turbines. Ama-condensers asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zesiqandisi ukufingqa imihwamuko yesiqandisi efana ne-ammonia ne-freon. Ama-condensers asetshenziswa embonini ye-petrochemical ukufingqa ama-hydrocarbon kanye neminye imihwamuko yamakhemikhali. Enqubweni ye-distillation, idivayisi eshintsha umhwamuko ube yisimo se-liquid ubizwa nangokuthi i-condenser. Wonke ama-condenser asebenza ngokususa ukushisa kumagesi noma ama-vapor.
Ingxenye yemishini yesistimu yesiqandisi, eyingxenye yokushisa ukushisa, ingaguqula igesi noma umhwamuko ube uketshezi, futhi idlulisele ukushisa okusepayipini emoyeni eduze kwepayipi ngendlela esheshayo kakhulu. Inqubo yokusebenza ye-condenser iyinqubo yokukhululwa kokushisa, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa le-condenser liphezulu.
Ama-condenser amaningi asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zikagesi ukuze kuncishiswe isitimu kuma-turbines. Ama-condensers asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zesiqandisi ukufingqa imihwamuko yesiqandisi efana ne-ammonia ne-freon. Ama-condensers asetshenziswa embonini ye-petrochemical ukufingqa ama-hydrocarbon kanye neminye imihwamuko yamakhemikhali. Enqubweni ye-distillation, idivayisi eshintsha umhwamuko ube yisimo se-liquid ubizwa nangokuthi i-condenser. Wonke ama-condenser asebenza ngokususa ukushisa kwegesi noma umhwamuko. [1]
isimiso
Igesi idlula ngeshubhu elide (elivame ukugoqwa libe yi-solenoid), okuvumela ukushisa kulahleke emoyeni ozungezile. Izinsimbi ezifana nethusi, ezihambisa ukushisa, zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha umusi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-condenser, amasinki okushisa asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuqhubeni ukushisa avame ukunamathiselwa emapayipini ukuze kwandiswe indawo yokukhipha ukushisa ukuze kusheshiswe ukushabalaliswa kokushisa, futhi ukuhanjiswa komoya kuyasheshiswa ngefeni ukuze kususwe ukushisa.
Ohlelweni lokujikeleza lwesiqandisi, i-compressor ihogela isitimu esinezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nengcindezi ephansi esiqandisini sisuka ku-evaporator, okuyi-adiabatic sicindezelwe sibe yizinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomfutho ophakeme wokushisa oshisa kakhulu yi-compressor, bese ucindezelwa ku-condenser ukuze uhlale njalo. ukupholisa ingcindezi, bese idedela ukushisa endaweni yokupholisa, bese ipholiswa esiqandisini esiwuketshezi esipholile kakhulu. Isiqandisi esiwuketshezi siba isiqandisi esiwuketshezi esinengcindezi ephansi ngokusebenzisa i-valve yokunweba i-adiabatic throttling, siyahwamuka futhi sibambe ukushisa emoyeni ojikeleza amanzi (umoya) ku-evaporator, ngaleyo ndlela sipholise isimo somoya esizungeza amanzi ukuze kufezwe injongo yesiqandisi, futhi isiqandisi esigeleza siphuma kungcindezi ephansi simuncwa ku-compressor, ngakho-ke umjikelezo usebenza.
Isistimu yesiqandisi yokucindezela umusi yesiteji esisodwa yakhiwe izingxenye ezine eziyisisekelo ze-compressor yesiqandisi, i-condenser, i-throttle valve kanye ne-evaporator, exhunywe ngokulandelana ngamapayipi ukuze enze uhlelo oluvaliwe, futhi isiqandisi sijikeleza njalo ohlelweni, sishintsha isimo, nokuhwebelana. ukushisa nezwe langaphandle.
Ukulungisa
Kuhlelo lwesiqandisi, i-evaporator, i-condenser, i-compressor kanye ne-throttle valve yizingxenye ezine ezibalulekile zesistimu yesiqandisi, lapho i-evaporator iyimishini ehambisa inani elibandayo. Isiqandisi sidonsa ukushisa kwento epholiswayo ukuze sifinyelele ukupholisa. I-compressor inhliziyo, edlala indima yokuhogela, ukucindezelwa kanye nokuthutha isitimu esiqandisini. I-condenser iyisisetshenziswa esikhulula ukushisa, idlulisa ukushisa okumuncwe ku-evaporator kanye nokushisa okuguqulwa umsebenzi womminyanisi ukuya endaweni yokupholisa. I-valve ye-throttle idlala indima ye-throttling nokunciphisa ukucindezela kwesiqandisi, ngenkathi ilawula futhi ilawula inani le-refrigerant liquid eligeleza ku-evaporator, futhi uhlelo luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: uhlangothi lwengcindezi ephezulu kanye nohlangothi oluphansi lwengcindezi. Kuhlelo lwangempela lwesiqandisi, ngaphezu kwalezi zingxenye ezine ezinkulu ezingenhla, kuvame ukuba khona ezinye izinto ezisizayo, njengama-valve e-solenoid, ama-dispensers, ama-dryer, abaqoqi, ama-fusible plugs, izilawuli zokucindezela nezinye izingxenye, ezihlelelwe ukuthuthukisa umnotho, ukwethembeka nokuphepha kokusebenza.
Ngokwefomu lokujiya, i-air conditioner ingahlukaniswa ibe ipholile ngamanzi futhi ipholile emoyeni, futhi ngokusho kwenhloso yokusetshenziswa, ingahlukaniswa ibe yinye-epholile futhi eqandisiwe futhi efudumele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokubunjwa, yakhiwe izingxenye eziyinhloko ezilandelayo.
Isidingo se-condenser sisekelwe emthethweni wesibili we-thermodynamics - ngokomthetho wesibili we-thermodynamics, ukugeleza okuzenzakalelayo kokuqondisa kwamandla okushisa ngaphakathi kwesistimu evaliwe kuyindlela eyodwa, okungukuthi, ingageleza kuphela ekushiseni okuphezulu kuya ekushiseni okuphansi. , kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane ezithwala amandla okushisa ezweni elincanyana zingashintsha kuphela ukusuka ekuhlelekeni kuye ekuphazamisekeni. Ngakho-ke, lapho injini yokushisa ifaka amandla okwenza umsebenzi, indawo engezansi kufanele futhi ibe nokukhululwa kwamandla, ukuze kube negebe lamandla okushisa phakathi komfula okhuphukayo nophansi, ukugeleza kwamandla okushisa kuzokwenzeka, futhi umjikelezo uzoqhubeka. .
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ophethe ukuthi enze umsebenzi futhi, kufanele uqale ukhulule amandla okushisa angakhululwa ngokuphelele, futhi udinga ukusebenzisa i-condenser ngalesi sikhathi. Uma amandla okushisa azungezile ephakeme kunezinga lokushisa ku-condenser, ukuze kuphole i-condenser, umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe (ngokuvamile usebenzisa i-compressor). Uketshezi olujiyile lubuyela esimweni sokuhleleka okuphezulu namandla aphansi okushisa, futhi umsebenzi ungenziwa futhi.
Ukukhethwa kwe-condenser kuhlanganisa ukukhetha kwefomu kanye nemodeli, futhi kunquma ukugeleza nokumelana kwamanzi okupholisa noma umoya ogeleza ku-condenser. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-condenser kufanele kucabangele umthombo wamanzi wendawo, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi, izimo zezulu, kanye nobukhulu bomthamo wokupholisa ophelele wesistimu yesiqandisi kanye nezidingo zokuhlela zegumbi lesiqandisi. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokunquma uhlobo lwe-condenser, indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ye-condenser ibalwa ngokuvumelana nomthwalo ohlanganisayo kanye nomthwalo wokushisa endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi ye-condenser, ukuze kukhethwe imodeli ethile ye-condenser.
Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu
Ngemva kokumunca ukushisa kwento epholile ku-evaporator, isiqandisi esiwuketshezi siyahwamuka sibe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesitimu esinomfutho ophansi, sihogelwe i-compressor, sicindezeleke sibe nomfutho ophezulu kanye nesitimu sokushisa okuphezulu bese singena ku-condenser, sikhipha ukushisa endaweni yokupholisa. (amanzi noma umoya) ku-condenser, ijiya ibe uketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu, inyakaziswa yi-throttle valve ukuze ithole umfutho ophansi kanye nesiqandisi sezinga lokushisa eliphansi, bese ingena ku-evaporator futhi ukuze ibambe ukushisa futhi ihwamuke. Ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso circulation esiqandisini. Ngale ndlela, i-refrigerant ohlelweni ngokusebenzisa ukuhwamuka, ukucindezelwa, ukufingqa, ukudonsa izinqubo ezine eziyisisekelo ukuqedela umjikelezo wesiqandisi.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi-compressor, i-condenser, i-evaporator, i-valve yokwandisa (noma i-capillary, i-valve yokulawula i-supercooling), i-valve yezindlela ezine, i-valve eminingi, i-valve yokuhlola, i-solenoid valve, i-pressure switch, i-fuse, i-valve elawula ukucindezela okukhiphayo, isilawuli sokucindezela, ukugcinwa kwamanzi. ithangi, isishintshi sokushisa, umqoqi, isihlungi, isomisi, idivayisi yokuvula nokuvala okuzenzakalelayo, i-valve yokumisa, ipulaki lomjovo owuketshezi nezinye izinto.
kagesi
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ama-motor (ama-compressor, abalandeli, njll.), ama-switch switch, ama-electromagnetic contactors, ama-relay axhumene, ama-overcurrent relays, ama-thermal overcurrent relays, izilawuli zokushisa, izilawuli zomswakama, ukushintshwa kwezinga lokushisa (kokunciphisa, ukuvimbela ukuqanda, njll.). I-Compressor crankcase heater, i-water relay, ibhodi lekhompyutha nezinye izinto.
Izilawuli
Iqukethe inani lamadivayisi okulawula, okuyilawa:
Isilawuli sefriji: i-valve yokwandisa, i-capillary, njll.
Isilawuli sesekethe esiqandisini: i-valve yezindlela ezine, i-valve yokuhlola, i-valve ephindwe kabili, i-solenoid valve.
Isilawuli sokucindezela esiqandisini: i-pressure opener, isilawuli sokucindezela okukhiphayo, isilawuli sokucindezela.
Isivikeli sezimoto: i-overcurrent relay, i-thermal overcurrent relay, ukudluliselwa kwezinga lokushisa.
I-temperature regulator: isilawuli sezinga lokushisa, isilawuli esilinganiselwe sokushisa.
Isilawuli sokuswakama: isilawuli sezinga lomswakamo.
Isilawuli sokushisa: ukushintshwa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-defrosting, ukudluliswa kwesikhathi kwe-defrosting, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuhlukahlukene.
Ukulawulwa kwamanzi okupholisa: ukudluliselwa kwamanzi, i-valve elawula amanzi, iphampu yamanzi, njll.
Ukulawula i-alamu: i-alamu eshisa kakhulu, i-alamu emanzi kakhulu, i-alamu ye-voltage engaphansi, i-alamu yomlilo, i-alamu yentuthu, njll.
Ezinye izilawuli: isilawuli sesivinini sabalandeli sangaphakathi, isilawuli sesivinini sabalandeli bangaphandle, njll.
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