Isenzo sokuxhuma induku.
Indima eyinhloko yethayela lenduku yokuxhumanisa ukuxhuma, ukusekela nokushayela induku yokuxhumanisa, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuguguleka phakathi kwe-crankshaft nenduku yokuxhumanisa, ukumelana nengcindezi enkulu ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-crankshaft ingakwazi ukujikeleza kahle.
Ithayela lenduku yokuxhuma liyingxenye ebalulekile enjinini yemoto, lixhuma i-piston kanye ne-crankshaft, liguqula ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwe-piston kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-crankshaft, futhi lidlulisele amandla asebenza ku-piston emandleni okukhipha e-crankshaft. Ukwakheka kwama-shingles enduku yokuxhuma kusiza ukwandisa umphumela wokugcoba kawoyela, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kwenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathayela enduku yokuxhuma nawo amelana nokucindezela okukhulu okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-crankshaft ingaba nokujikeleza okuzinzile. Izinto zethayela lenduku yokuxhuma ngokuvamile ziyinhlanganisela yesisekelo se-aluminium kanye ne-copper lead, enokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka kanye nokushisa, futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zenjini lapho isebenza ngomthwalo ophezulu. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amathayela enduku yokuxhuma, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-bimetallic steel strip ye-alloy ye-aluminium ehlanganisiwe ene-high tin ehlanganisiwe nayo isetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwayo nokuthembeka.
Ithayela lenduku yokuxhuma lidlala indima yokuxhuma, ukusekela nokushayela endleleni yokuxhuma induku yemoto, futhi iziphetho ezimbili ziboshwe ngamalungu asebenzayo naqhutshwa ngokulandelana ukuze kudluliswe ukunyakaza namandla. Isibonelo, emishinini yamandla e-piston ephindaphindayo kanye nama-compressor, induku yokuxhuma isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i-piston ne-crank, iguqula ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwe-piston kube ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-crank. Induku yokuxhuma ivame ukwenziwa ngezingxenye zensimbi, ingxenye eyinhloko yesigaba esiphambeneyo ikakhulukazi iyindilinga noma i-I-shape, kunezimbobo kuzo zombili iziphetho, izimbobo zifakwe ama-bushing ethusi noma ama-needle roller bearings, okulayisha iphini lomgodi ukuze kwakheke ukuhlangana.
Ngamafuphi, ukuqonda nokuqonda kahle indima kanye nesimiso sokuxhuma amathayili enduku kusisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono isimiso sokusebenza kanye nesakhiwo sezinjini zezimoto, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwezimoto.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithayela lenduku yokuxhuma likhulu noma lincane
ithayela
Ithayela lenduku yokuxhuma iyithayela elincane. Enjinini yemoto, ubukhulu bethayela buvame ukubhekisela kuthayela lokuthwala, lapho ithayela elikhulu libhekisela kuthayela le-crankshaft, kanti ithayela elincane liyithayela lenduku yokuxhuma. Amathayela enduku yokuxhuma abizwa ngokuthi amathayela amancane ngoba axhunywe kumadayamitha enduku yokuxhuma amancane. Lawa mabhereyi enziwe ngensimbi eqinile futhi engagugi, ehlukaniswe yaba yizicucu ezimbili eziphezulu nezingezansi, ngokulandelana ezifakwe emzimbeni we-crankshaft kanye nesilinda, induku yokuxhuma kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-crankshaft. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wethayela lenduku yokuxhuma ukugcina isimo sokusebenza esibushelelezi enjinini kanye nokufaka isandla ku-crankshaft yenjini ngesakhiwo sokungqubuzana esishelelayo.
Iyiphi into esetshenziswayo ukuxhuma ithayela lenduku
Izinto zokwakha ithayela lenduku yokuxhuma zifaka phakathi i-alloy yesisekelo sethusi, ithusi, isisekelo se-aluminium, i-alloy emhlophe (i-babbitt) njalo njalo.
Ingxubevange yesisekelo sethusi: Induku yokuxhuma yenziwe ngezinto zengxubevange zesisekelo sethusi ezinomthamo oqinile wokuthwala, kanti ubuso bangaphakathi begobolondo lokuthwala bufakwe ugesi ngesendlalelo sokulwa nokuguguleka ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo walo wokuthwala kanye nokumelana nokungqubuzana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bodonga begobolondo lokuthwala busebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa amathayili ukuze kwenziwe ifilimu kawoyela yegobolondo lokuthwala ifane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini futhi kuvikelwe igobolondo lokuthwala ekugugulekeni.
Ithusi: Izinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-shingles enduku yokuxhuma zihlanganisa ithusi, okuyizinto ezingagugi ezisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuguguleka phakathi kwekhanda lenduku yokuxhuma kanye nejenali yenduku yokuxhuma. Ithusi linokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, futhi lingagcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezindawo ezicindezelayo.
Isisekelo se-aluminium: Ama-shingle enduku yokuxhuma ahlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyisisekelo se-aluminium, ezinokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kwenjini.
Ingxube emhlophe (i-Babbitt): Ubuso obungaphandle bethayela lenduku yokuxhuma, ikakhulukazi ubuso obungaphakathi, buvame ukwenziwa ngengxube emhlophe (ingxube ye-polymetallic equkethe i-tin kanye ne-lead). Ingxube emhlophe, eyaziwa nangokuthi ingxube ye-babbitt, umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko uthambile, uyathambisa futhi awugugi, okusiza ukunciphisa ukuthintana ngqo phakathi kwezinsimbi nokunciphisa ukuguguleka.
Ngamafuphi, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-shingles zenduku yokuxhuma kuklanyelwe ukunikeza ukumelana okuhle nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kokuzivumelanisa nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokusebenza senjini.
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