Ijeneretha yezimoto.
Ijeneretha yemoto ingumthombo wamandla oyinhloko wemoto, umsebenzi wayo ukunikeza amandla kuzo zonke izinto zikagesi (ngaphandle kwesiqalisi) lapho injini isebenza ngokujwayelekile, futhi ishaje ibhethri ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngesisekelo se-alternator evamile yesigaba sesithathu se-stator, khulisa inani lokujika okujikayo futhi uholele ngaphandle kwe-terminal, engeza isethi ye-rectifier yezigaba ezintathu. Ngesivinini esiphansi, ukujikajika okuyinhloko kanye nokujika kwesandiso kukhishwa ngochungechunge, futhi ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuphela kokuphumayo kwezigaba ezintathu okuyinhloko okukhiphayo.
Isimiso sokusebenza
Umgomo wokusebenza we-alternator yonke
Lapho isifunda sangaphandle sinikeza amandla insimu ejikajika phakathi kwebhulashi, kukhiqizwa inkambu kazibuthe, ukuze isigxobo sozipho sifakwe uzibuthe esigxotsheni sika-N kanye nesigxobo sika-S. Lapho i-rotor izungeza, i-flux kazibuthe ishintsha ngokushintshana ekujikeni kwe-stator, ngokuya ngesimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, i-stator yesigaba sesithathu esimazombezombe izokhiqiza amandla e-electromotive ashintshanayo. Lena yindlela i-alternator ewenza ngayo ugesi.
Isihambisi esiyinhloko (okungukuthi injini) sidonsa i-rotor yejeneretha ye-DC ejabulile ukuze ijikeleze ngesivinini esingu-n(rpm), kanye namandla esigaba sesithathu asonga i-stator enyakazayo. Uma i-stator winding ixhunywe kumthwalo kagesi, injini inamandla okukhipha amandla e-AC, futhi amandla e-AC aguqulelwa abe owamanje aqondile asuka kutheminali yokukhiphayo ngebhuloho lokulungisa kabusha ngaphakathi kwejeneretha.
I-Alternator ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili ze-stator mawinding kanye ne-rotor winding, i-stator winding yesigaba ezintathu isakazwa kugobolondo ngokusho kwe-Engle kagesi ka-120 degrees umehluko phakathi komunye nomunye, ukuvuthwa kwe-rotor yakhiwe ngezinzipho ezimbili zesigxobo. Lapho i-rotor winding ixhunywe kumzila oqondile, kuyajabulisa, futhi izinzipho ezimbili zesigxobo zakha i-N pole kanye ne-S pole. Ulayini wamagnetic field uqala esigxotsheni esingu-N, ungene kunkambo ye-stator ngegebe lomoya bese ubuyela esigxotsheni sika-S esiseduze. Uma i-rotor isizungezisiwe, i-rotor winding izosika ulayini wamandla kazibuthe, futhi ikhiqize amandla e-electromotive e-sinusoidal anomehluko we-Engle kagesi engu-120 degrees ku-stator winding, okungukuthi, izigaba ezintathu ezishintshanayo zamanje, bese ngokusebenzisa isici sokulungisa esakhiwe. ama-diode ekuphumeni kwamanje okuqondile.
Uma iswishi ivaliwe, ibhethri liqale linikeze okwamanje. Isekethe ithi:
Ibhethri iphozithivu → ukukhanya okushajayo → ukuthintana nesilawuli → ukusonga okujabulisayo → i-ayina ethangeni → ibhethri elingenayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhanya kwenkomba yokushaja kuzokhanya ngenxa yokudlula kwamanje.
Nokho, ngemva kokuba injini iqale, njengoba ijubane lejeneretha likhula, i-voltage yesiphetho se-generator nayo iyanda. Lapho i-voltage ephumayo yejeneretha ilingana ne-voltage yebhethri, amandla okuphela kwe-"B" kanye "D" nokuphela kwejeneretha kuyalingana, ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhanya kwenkomba yokushaja kuyacishwa ngoba umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwalokhu okubili. isiphetho nguziro. Ibonisa ukuthi ijeneretha isebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi amandla e-excitation ahlinzekwa yi-generator ngokwayo. Amandla e-electromotive ezigaba ezintathu ze-AC akhiqizwa ukuphenduka kwezigaba ezintathu kujeneretha alungiswa yi-diode futhi akhiphe amandla akhona ngqo ukuze anikeze amandla kumthwalo nokushaja ibhethri.
I-alternator ngokuvamile yakhiwa izingxenye ezine: i-rotor, i-stator, i-rectifier ne-end cap.
(1) Irotha
Umsebenzi we-rotor ukukhiqiza insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo.
I-rotor iqukethe i-claw pole, ijoka, i-magnetic field winding, indandatho yokuqoqa kanye ne-rotor shaft.
Izigxobo ezimbili zozipho zicindezelwa ku-rotor shaft, kanti ngayinye yezinsika ezimbili inezigxobo kazibuthe eziyisithupha ezinoqhwaku lwezinyoni. I-magnetic field winding (ikhoyili ye-rotor) kanye nejoka kazibuthe kuhlelwe emgodini we-claw pole.
Indandatho yokuqoqa iqukethe izindandatho ezimbili zethusi ezivaleleke komunye nomunye. Indandatho yokuqoqa icindezelwa ku-rotor shaft futhi ihlanganiswe ne-shaft. Amasongo amabili okuqoqa axhunywe kuzo zombili iziphetho zenkundla kazibuthe.
Lapho izindandatho ezimbili zokuqoqa zidluliselwa ku-current eqondile (ngebhulashi), kuba khona i-current ngokusebenzisa i-magnetic field winding, futhi i-axial magnetic flux iyakhiqizwa, ukuze isigxobo esisodwa sozipho sifakwe uzibuthe esigxotsheni esingu-N kanti esinye sifakwe uzibuthe. esigxotsheni sika-S, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhe amapheya ayisithupha ezigxobo zikazibuthe eziphuma ziphuma zingene. Njengoba i-rotor ijikeleza, insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo iyadalwa [1].
Isekhethi kazibuthe ye-alternator yilena: ijoka → isigxobo sika-N → igebe lomoya phakathi kwe-rotor ne-stator → stator → Igebe lomoya phakathi kwe-stator ne-rotor →Isigxobo sika-S → ijoka.
(2) I-stator
Umsebenzi we-stator ukukhiqiza i-alternating current.
I-stator iqukethe i-stator core kanye nekhoyili ye-stator.
I-stator core yakhiwe ngamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon anemifantu eyingini yangaphakathi, futhi umqhubi we-stator winding ushumekwe emgodini we-core.
I-stator winding inezigaba ezintathu, futhi ukujika kwesigaba sesithathu kusebenzisa uxhumano lwenkanyezi noma uxhumano lukanxantathu (amandla aphezulu), olungakhiqiza izigaba ezintathu zamanje ezishintshanayo.
Ukusonteka kwezigaba ezintathu kufanele kulinyazwe ngokwezidingo ezithile ukuze kutholwe imvamisa efanayo, i-amplitude elinganayo, umehluko wesigaba esingu-120° wesigaba sesithathu samandla e-electromotive.
1. Ibanga phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili ezisebenzayo zekhoyili ngayinye kufanele lilingane nesikhala esithathwe isigxobo kazibuthe.
2. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamaphethelo okuqala amakhoyili ancikene wesigaba ngasinye sokujika kufanele lilingane noma liphindaphindwe lebanga elithathwe ipheya yezigxobo kazibuthe.
3. Unqenqema lokuqala lokujikajika kwezigaba ezintathu kufanele luhlukaniswe nge-Engle kagesi engu-2π+120o (isikhala esithathwe ipheya yezigxobo kazibuthe yi-Engle kagesi engu-360o).
Ku-alternator yochungechunge lwasekhaya lwe-JF13, izigxobo zikazibuthe ezimbili zichaza indawo yezikhala eziyisi-6 (i-Engle kagesi engu-60o ngesikhala ngasinye), isigxobo sikazibuthe sibala indawo yezikhala ezi-3, ngakho-ke isikhawu sokuma sezinhlangothi ezimbili ezisebenzayo ikhoyili ngayinye inezikhala ezi-3, ibanga eliphakathi konqenqema lwesigaba ngasinye eduze kwekhoyili yesi-6, unqenqema lokuqala lwesigaba sesithathu. ama-winding angahlukaniswa yi-2 slots, 8 slots, 3 slots. 14 izikhala, njll.
(3) Umlungisi
Indima ye-alternator rectifier ukuguqula ijika elishintshayo lezigaba ezintathu le-stator elijikayo libe elamanje eliqondile. Isilungisisi se-alternator yamashubhu angu-6 iyisekhethi yesigaba ezintathu esigcwele ibhuloho ehlanganisa ama-silicon rectifier diode, futhi amashubhu ayisi-6 aphinde acindezelwe (noma ashiselwe) kumapuleti amabili.
1. Izici ze-automotive silicon rectifier diode
(1) Ukusebenza kwamanje okukhulu, okumaphakathi okuhamba phambili okuyi-50A yamanje, ukukhuphuka kwamanje okungu-600A;
(2) I-voltage ephezulu ehlehlayo, i-reverse phinda i-peak voltage 270V, i-reverse non-reverse peak voltage 300V;
(3) Kukhona ukuhola okukodwa kuphela. Futhi eminye imikhondo ye-diode iphozithivu, eminye imikhondo ye-diode inegethivu, ishubhu elinomugqa wokuhola oqondile libizwa ngokuthi ishubhu eliphozithivu, kanti ishubhu elinomugqa womthofu ongemuhle libizwa ngokuthi ishubhu elibi, ngakho-ke i-diode elungisayo ine-diode eqondile futhi a diode negative.
(4) Isembozo sokugcina
Isembozo sokugcina ngokuvamile sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili (ikhava yangaphambili kanye nekhava yangemuva), edlala indima yokulungisa i-rotor, i-stator, i-rectifier kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwebhulashi. Isembozo sokugcina ngokuvamile senziwa nge-aluminium alloy, engavimbela ngempumelelo ukuvuza kazibuthe futhi ibe nokusebenza okuhle kokukhipha ukushisa.
Isembozo sokugcina esingemuva sihlinzekwa ngomhlangano webhulashi owakhiwe ngebhulashi, isibambi sebhulashi kanye nesiphethu sebhulashi. Iqhaza lebhulashi ukwethula ukunikezwa kwamandla ngendandatho yomqoqi kumajika enkambu.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-magnetic field winding (amabhulashi amabili) kanye nejeneretha kuhlukile, ukuze i-generator ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.
1. Ijeneretha yensimbi yangaphakathi ethangeni: Ijeneretha enezibuthe ezimazombezombe ibhulashi elinegethivu eqondile ngqo ethangeni lensimbi (exhumeke ngqo endlini).
2. Ijeneretha enezingubo zangaphandle: Ijeneretha lapho womabili amabhulashi omazongo wenkundla evaleleke endlini.
I-electrode engalungile (ibhulashi elingalungile) le-magnetic field winding ye-generator yangaphandle yohlobo lwensimbi ixhunywe kusilawuli, bese insimbi ixhunywe ngemva kokudlula.
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