Ijeneretha yezimoto.
Ijeneretha yemoto iwumthombo wamandla oyinhloko wemoto, umsebenzi wayo ukuhlinzeka ngamandla kuyo yonke imishini kagesi (ngaphandle kwesiqalisi) lapho injini isebenza kahle, nokushaja ibhethri ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngokusekelwe ku-alternator evamile enezigaba ezintathu zokujikeleza kwe-stator, khulisa inani lokujika kokujikeleza bese uhola uphume esigungwini, engeza isethi ye-rectifier yezigaba ezintathu. Ngesivinini esiphansi, ukugoqa okuyinhloko kanye nokugoqa okunwetshiwe kukhishwa ngokulandelana, futhi ngesivinini esiphezulu, ukugoqa okuyinhloko kwezigaba ezintathu kuphela okukhishwayo.
Isimiso sokusebenza
Umgomo wokusebenza we-alternator yonke
Lapho isekethe yangaphandle inika amandla insimu egoqayo ngebhulashi, kukhiqizwa insimu yamagnetic, ukuze induku ye-claw ifakwe ugesi epalini le-N kanye nepalini le-S. Lapho i-rotor ijikeleza, i-magnetic flux iyashintsha ngokushintshana ekugoqayo kwe-stator, ngokwesimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, ukugoqa kwe-stator kwesigaba sesithathu kuzokhiqiza amandla e-electromotive ahambisanayo. Lena indlela i-alternator ekhiqiza ngayo ugesi.
I-prime mover (okungukuthi injini) idonsa i-DC excited synchronous generator rotor ukuze ijikeleze ngesivinini i-n(rpm), kanye ne-stator winding induction AC potential yesigaba sesithathu. Uma i-stator winding ixhunywe kumthwalo kagesi, injini inokukhipha amandla e-AC, futhi amandla e-AC aguqulwa abe yi-direct current esuka ku-output terminal nge-rectifier bridge ngaphakathi kwe-generator.
I-Alternator ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili zokujikeleza kwe-stator kanye nokujikeleza kwe-rotor, ukujikeleza kwe-stator kwezigaba ezintathu kusatshalaliswa egobolondweni ngokuya nge-electric Angle yomehluko wama-degrees angu-120 phakathi komunye nomunye, ukujikeleza kwe-rotor kwakhiwe ngezinzipho ezimbili zezigxobo. Lapho ukujikeleza kwe-rotor kuxhunywe ku-direct current, kuyavuselelwa, futhi izinzipho ezimbili zezigxobo zakha i-N pole kanye ne-S pole. Umugqa wensimu yamagnetic uqala kusukela ku-N pole, ungena enkabeni ye-stator ngegebe lomoya bese ubuyela ku-S pole eseduze. Uma i-rotor isijikeleziwe, ukujikeleza kwe-rotor kuzosika umugqa wamandla kagesi, futhi kukhiqize amandla e-sinusoidal electromotive anomehluko wama-electrical Angle angu-120 degrees ku-stator winding, okungukuthi, umugqa wamandla okushintshana wezigaba ezintathu, bese kuba nge-rectifier element eyakhiwe ngama-diode ibe yi-direct current output.
Uma iswishi ivaliwe, ibhethri liqala linikeze amandla kagesi. Isekethe yile:
Ibhethri elihle → isibani sokushaja → ukuxhumana komlawuli → ukujiya komsindo → insimbi egobile → ibhethri elihle. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibani sesikhombisi sokushaja sizokhanya ngenxa yokudlula kombane.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuqala kwenjini, njengoba ijubane lejeneretha likhuphuka, i-voltage yesiphetho sejeneretha nayo iyanda. Lapho i-voltage yokuphuma kwejeneretha ilingana ne-voltage yebhethri, amandla okuphela kwe-"B" kanye ne-"D" yejeneretha alingana, ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhanya kwesibonakaliso sokushaja kuyacinywa ngoba umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili ungu-zero. Kubonisa ukuthi ijeneretha isebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi ugesi wokuvuselela unikezwa yijeneretha uqobo. Amandla e-electromotive e-AC ezigaba ezintathu akhiqizwa yi-winding yezigaba ezintathu kujeneretha alungiswa yi-diode futhi akhipha ugesi oqondile ukuze anikeze amandla emthwalweni futhi ashaje ibhethri.
I-alternator ngokuvamile yakhiwa izingxenye ezine: i-rotor, i-stator, i-rectifier kanye ne-end cap.
(1) I-Rotor
Umsebenzi we-rotor ukukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo.
I-rotor inesigxobo se-claw, i-joke, i-magnetic field winding, indandatho yokuqoqa kanye nomgodi we-rotor.
Izinsika ezimbili zezinzipho zicindezelwa emshaft we-rotor, kanti ngayinye yezinsika ezimbili zezinzipho inezinsika eziyisithupha ezingomlomo wezinyoni. I-magnetic field winding (i-rotor coil) kanye ne-magnetic joke kuhlelwe emgodini wensika yezinzipho.
Indandatho yokuqoqa iqukethe amasongo amabili ethusi avaleleke komunye nomunye. Indandatho yokuqoqa icindezelwa ku-rotor shaft bese ivaleleke ngo-shaft. Amasongo amabili okuqoqa axhunywe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomjikelezo we-magnetic field.
Uma izindandatho ezimbili zokuqoqa zidluliselwa ku-direct current (ngebhulashi), kuba khona ugesi odlula ku-magnetic field winding, bese kukhiqizwa i-axial magnetic flux, ukuze i-claw pole eyodwa ibe nogesi odlule ku-N pole kanti enye ibe nogesi odlule ku-S pole, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe amabhangqa ayisithupha ezigxobo ezihlanganisayo. Njengoba i-rotor ijikeleza, kudalwa i-rotary magnetic field [1].
Isekethe yamagnetic ye-alternator yile: i-yoga → i-N pole → igebe lomoya phakathi kwe-rotor ne-stator → i-stator → igebe lomoya phakathi kwe-stator ne-rotor → i-S pole → i-yoga.
(2) I-stator
Umsebenzi we-stator ukukhiqiza ugesi oshintshashintshayo.
I-stator iqukethe umongo we-stator kanye ne-stator coil.
I-stator core yakhiwe ngamashidi ensimbi e-silicon anemifantu endandatho yangaphakathi, kanti umqhubi we-stator winding ufakwe emfantwini we-core.
Ukugoqa kwe-stator kunezigaba ezintathu, kanti ukugoqa kwezigaba ezintathu kusebenzisa uxhumano lwezinkanyezi noma uxhumano lukanxantathu (amandla aphezulu), olungakhiqiza ugesi oshintshashintshayo wezigaba ezintathu.
Ukugoqa kwezigaba ezintathu kumele kuboshwe ngokwezidingo ezithile ukuze kutholakale imvamisa efanayo, ubukhulu obulinganayo, umehluko wesigaba wamandla kagesi ezigaba ezintathu angu-120°.
1. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili ezisebenzayo zekhoyili ngayinye kufanele lilingane nesikhala esithathwe yi-magnetic pole.
2. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemiphetho yokuqala yama-coil aseduze kwesigaba ngasinye sokugoqa kufanele lilingane noma liphindaphindeke lebanga elihlalwa yizingongolo ezimbili zikagesi.
3. Unqenqema lokuqala lokugoqa kwezigaba ezintathu kufanele luhlukaniswe yi-2π+120o kagesi (isikhala esithathwe yizinsika ezimbili zikagesi yi-360o kagesi).
Ku-alternator yasekhaya ye-JF13 series, izinti ezimbili zikagesi zibala indawo yesikhala sezikhala eziyi-6 (i-electrical Angle engu-60o ngesikhala ngasinye), isinti sikagesi sibala indawo yesikhala sezikhala eziyi-3, ngakho-ke isikhawu sesikhundla sezinhlangothi ezimbili ezisebenzayo zekhoyili ngayinye yizikhala eziyi-3, ibanga eliphakathi komphetho wokuqala wesigaba ngasinye sokugoqa eduze kwekhoyili yizikhala eziyi-6, umphetho wokuqala wokugoqa kwesigaba ezintathu ungahlukaniswa yizikhala eziyi-2, izikhala eziyi-8, izikhala eziyi-3. Izikhala eziyi-14, njll.
(3) Isilungisi
Indima ye-rectifier ye-alternator ukushintsha i-alternating current yesigaba ezintathu ye-stator egoqa ibe yi-direct current. I-rectifier ye-alternator yamashubhu ayi-6 iyisekethe ye-rectifier yebhuloho egcwele amagagasi amathathu eyakhiwe ngama-diode ayi-6 e-silicon rectifier, kanti amashubhu e-rectifier ayi-6 acindezelwa (noma ashiselwe) ngokulandelana emapuletini amabili.
1. Izici zama-diode e-silicon rectifier ezimoto
(1) Amandla kagesi amakhulu asebenzayo, isilinganiso samandla kagesi esiphambili esingu-50A, amandla kagesi akhuphukayo angu-600A;
(2) I-voltage ephezulu yokubuyela emuva, i-voltage yokuphindaphinda okuphindaphindwayo engu-270V, i-voltage yokubuyela emuva engaphindaphindwayo engu-300V;
(3) Kukhona i-lead eyodwa kuphela. Futhi amanye ama-diode leads aqondile, amanye ama-diode leads angalungile, ithubhu elinomugqa we-lead omuhle libizwa ngokuthi ithubhu elihle, kanti ithubhu elinomugqa we-lead omuhle libizwa ngokuthi ithubhu elibi, ngakho-ke i-rectifier diode ine-diode enhle kanye ne-diode engalungile.
(4) Isembozo sokugcina
Isembozo sokugcina ngokuvamile sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili (isembozo sangaphambili kanye nesembozo sangemuva), esidlala indima yokulungisa i-rotor, i-stator, i-rectifier kanye ne-brush assembly. Isembozo sokugcina ngokuvamile sibunjwa nge-aluminium alloy, engavimbela ngempumelelo ukuvuza kukazibuthe futhi inokusebenza okuhle kokushabalalisa ukushisa.
Isembozo sangemuva sinikezwa inhlanganisela yebhulashi eyakhiwe ngebhulashi, isibambi sebhulashi kanye nesipilingi sebhulashi. Indima yebhulashi ukufaka ugesi ngendandatho yokuqoqa endaweni yokugoqa insimu.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kokugoqa insimu yamagnetic (amabhulashi amabili) kanye nejenereyitha kuhlukile, ngakho-ke ijenereyitha ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.
1. Ijenereyitha yensimbi yangaphakathi: Ijenereyitha enebhulashi eliphikisayo eligoqa insimbi ngqo (exhunywe ngqo nendlu).
2. Ijenereyitha embozwe ngaphandle: Ijenereyitha lapho amabhulashi womabili okujikeleza kwensimu embozwe khona ngokuvikela kusuka ebhodweni.
I-electrode engemihle (ibhulashi elingemihle) yokugoqa insimu yamagnetic yejeneretha yangaphandle yohlobo lwensimbi ixhunywe kumlawuli, bese insimbi ixhunywe ngemva kokudlula.
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I-Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. izibophezele ekuthengiseni izingxenye zezimoto ze-MG&MAUXS futhi wamukelekile ukuzithenga.
