I-brake pedal.
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, i-pedal ye-brake i-pedal enciphisa amandla, okungukuthi, i-pedal ye-foot brake (i-service brake), kanye ne-pedal ye-brake isetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ijubane nokuma. Ingenye yezilawuli ezinkulu ezinhlanu zokushayela imoto. Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa iphezulu kakhulu. Indlela umshayeli alawula ngayo ithinta ngqo ukuphepha kokushayela kwemoto.
I-pedal yebhuleki isisho esivamile sokunyathela ibhuleki, futhi kune-pedal encane kwi-brake rod, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi "i-brake pedal". Kukhona futhi i-pedal encane ngaphezu kwe-clutch, ebizwa ngokuthi i-clutch pedal. I-clutch ingakwesobunxele futhi ibhuleki lingakwesokudla (eceleni kwe-accelerator, kwesokudla yi-accelerator).
Isimiso sokusebenza
Isondo noma i-disc igxiliwe ku-shaft yesivinini esikhulu somshini, futhi isicathulo se-brake, ibhande noma i-disc ifakwe kuhlaka ukuze kukhiqizwe i-torque yokubopha ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle.
I-automobile brake pedal pedal ihlukene ngale: i-slow braking (okungukuthi, i-predictive braking), i-emergency braking, i-combined braking kanye ne-intermittent braking. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukubhuleka okunensayo kanye ne-emergency braking ku-wheel lock bese ume ngaphambi kwe-clutch pedal kuze kube sekupheleni, ukuze ugcine injini igijima futhi kulungele ukushintsha kabusha isivinini.
Izidingo zokusebenza
1. Ukubhuleka kancane. Yehlisa i-clutch pedal, khulula i-accelerator pedal ngesikhathi esifanayo, phusha i-lever shift shift uye endaweni yegiya elinesivinini esiphansi, bese uphakamisa i-clutch pedal, bese ubeka ngokushesha unyawo lwesokudla ku-pedali yebhuleki, ngokuya ngesivinini esidingekayo. kanye nebanga lokupaka, kancane kancane futhi ngamandla wehlise i-pedal yebhuleki kuze kube ukuma.
2. Ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo. I-Emergency braking ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-emergency braking ngesivinini esiphansi kanye ne-emergency braking ngesivinini esikhulu. I-Emergency braking uma ushayela ngesivinini esimaphakathi nesiphansi: bamba i-stering disc ngezandla zombili, wehle ngokushesha i-clutch pedal, cishe kanye kanye wehlise ibhuleki, futhi uthathe indlela yonyawo olulodwa olufile ukuze umise imoto ngokushesha. I-Emergency braking ngesivinini esikhulu: ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu, inertia enkulu kanye nokuzinza okubi, ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwemoto, i-pedal ye-brake kufanele yehliswe kuqala ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba isondo livaliwe. Bese unyathela i-clutch pedal ukuze usebenzise isivinini senjini esiphansi ukuze uqukathe isivinini. Uma isondo selikhiyiwe, isiteringi sangaphambili asilawuleki, nomzimba ushibilika kalula. Amaphuzu abalulekile e-mergency braking adinga ukuqondiswa yilawa: ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukulawula isiteringi ngemuva kokubhuleka, lapho inertia yemoto isondela eduze kakhulu nesithiyo ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, ungabona ukuthi ungayimisa yini imoto ngokusho isivinini, lapho ungakwazi ukumisa imoto, zama ukumisa imoto, futhi lapho ungakwazi ukuma, udinga ukuhambahamba. Uma uchezuka, i-pedal ye-brake kufanele ikhululeke ukuze i-stering disc idlale indima yokulawula, futhi i-pedal ye-brake kufanele yehliswe ngemva kokudlula isithiyo. Ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo, imoto ijwayele ukushelela, futhi i-pedal yamabhuleki kufanele ikhululeke kancane ukuze ilungise umzimba.
3. Ukubhuleka okuhlanganisiwe. I-gear shift lever iphumuza i-accelerator pedal egiyeni, isebenzisa ukudonsa isivinini senjini ukunciphisa isivinini, futhi inyathela ibhuleki ukuze ibhuleke isondo. Le ndlela yokwehlisa ijubane ngokudonsa kwenjini kanye ne-wheel brake braking ibizwa ngokuthi i-combined braking. I-Joint braking isetshenziswa kakhulu ekushayeleni okuvamile ukuze wehlise ijubane, futhi iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele liqondwe kahle yileli: uma ijubane lingaphansi kwesilinganiso esilinganiselwe egiyeni, kufanele lishintshwe libe yigiya eliphansi ngesikhathi, kungenjalo lizosheshisa. futhi kulimaze isistimu yokudlulisela.
4. Ukubhuleka ngezikhathi ezithile. I-intermittent braking indlela yokubhuleka lapho i-pedal yebhuleki icindezelwa phansi futhi ikhululekile. Uma ushayela ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, ngenxa yokwehla isikhathi eside, isistimu yamabhuleki ijwayele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwamabhuleki. Ukuze kuvinjwe izinga lokushisa lesistimu yamabhuleki ukuthi libe phezulu kakhulu, abashayeli bavame ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubhuleka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi ye-air brake ingaphinda isebenzise i-braking ehamba kancane ngoba ivolumu yokudonsa akulula ukuyiqonda.
Izimoto ezifakwe i-ABS(i-electronic anti-lock braking device) zinqatshelwe ukusebenzisa ukubhuleka ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-ABS ngeke ikwazi ukudlala indima yayo efanele.
Ikhono lokusebenza
1, lapho imoto yehla, abanye abashayeli ukuze bonge uphethiloli, ngakho-ke bamisa i-neutral, besebenzisa inertia ekwehleni, isikhathi eside, i-brake pressure ayanele, i-brake ijwayele ukwehluleka, ngakho-ke akunjalo. kunconyiwe ukulenga ukungathathi hlangothi lapho wehla umqansi. Ungabeki ukungathathi hlangothi, ukuvumela injini kanye nokuhanjiswa kuxhumeke, kulokhu imoto ekwehleni ayiyona inertia, kepha ngenjini yokushayela, njengokungathi injini ehamba nawe, ungayivumeli imoto yakho ihambe ngokushesha, enye yamabhuleki.
2, abanye abashayeli, lapho ibhuleki imoto, sebenzisa injini ukuze wehlise ijubane, kodwa lokhu ngeke amabhuleki egiyeni eliphansi kuyoba lula ukuvela imoto phambili umthelela mkhuba, injini izolimala, ngakho ibhuleki pedal ukusebenzisa ngendlela efanele. .
I-3, amabhasi amancane ngaphansi komthambeko omude adinga ukusebenzisa igiya eliphansi, ne-brake injini ukuze afinyelele ukwehla, izimoto ezinkulu noma izimoto ezisindayo ezinde khumbula ukuthi unganyatheli ibhuleki, kufanele zisebenzise injini ukwehlisa ijubane, izimoto eziningi ezinkulu zifakwe nge-retarder noma i-brake water spray device ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwebhuleki okubangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile emthambekeni omude.
Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa
(1) Ngesikhathi se-braking ephuthumayo, bamba i-stering disc ngezandla zombili, futhi awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-stering disc ngesandla esisodwa.
(2) Ukuhamba kwamahhala kwe-pedal yebhuleki kusithinta ngqo isikhathi sokubhuleka nebanga lokubhuleka. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuthi ukuhamba kwamahhala kwe-brake pedal kufanelekile ngaphambi kokuphuma.
(3) Isenzo sokubhuleka kufanele sisheshise, i-pedal yebhuleki ingakhululwa lapho imoto ishelela emaceleni, kodwa isenzo kufanele sisheshise lapho uphendula i-disc yokuqondisa.
(4) Lapho ujika ngesivinini esikhulu, ukubhuleka kwezimo eziphuthumayo akufanele kwenziwe, ukubhuleka kufanele kube okufanelekile kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokujika, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kugcinwe ukubhuleka okuqondile, nokulawula isivinini sokujika.
(5) Uma ubhuleka ngaphansi kwesivinini esiphakathi nendawo noma esiphansi noma lapho udinga ukushintsha, i-clutch pedal kufanele inyathelwe kuqala bese kulandela ibhuleki. Uma ubhuleka ngaphezu kwesivinini esimaphakathi nesiphezulu, i-pedal yebhuleki kufanele icindezelwe kuqala bese kuba yi-clutch pedal.
Ukulawula amandla
Ukuthi isikhathi nokuqina kokubhuleka kungenziwa kahle kuncike emzamweni wonyawo lomshayeli ekusingatheni izimo ezahlukahlukene nokulawula isivinini. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, lapho unyathela i-brake pedal, ingahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezimbili, ungasebenzisi indlela yonyawo olulodwa olufile: isinyathelo sokuqala sokusuka ku-pedal ye-brake, amandla onyawo (okungukuthi, amandla okucindezela) ngokuvumelana nesidingo nquma, amandla onyawo kufanele asheshe futhi abe namandla uma isivinini sishesha, futhi amandla onyawo kufanele abe lula futhi azinzile lapho isivinini sihamba kancane; Khona-ke ngokuvumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa kwe-pressurization noma ukuwohloka kwengcindezi. Uma ubhuleka ngesivinini esikhulu, kulula ukukhiqiza i-sideslip. Uma imoto ikhiqiza i-sideslip, i-pedal ye-brake kufanele ikhululeke kahle ukuze imoto ingagijimi kanye nesiteringi ukuthi singakwazi ukuyilawula.
Izinyathelo zokuqapha imoto ye-ABS
(1) Uma imoto efakwe i-ABS isesimweni sokubhuleka ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ukusebenza kwe-stering disc kuhluke kancane kulokho lapho ibhuleki linganyathelwanga, futhi i-pedal yebhuleki izoshaya, ngakho sebenzisa i-stering disc ngokucophelela.
(2) Uma ushayela emgwaqeni omanzi, nakuba ibanga lokubhuleka lemoto ene-ABS lilifishane kunemoto engena-ABS, ibanga lokubhuleka nalo lizophazanyiswa indawo yomgwaqo nezinye izici. Ngakho-ke, ibanga eliphakathi kwemoto efakwe i-ABS nemoto engaphambili kufanele lifane nelemoto engenayo i-ABS ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.
(3) Uma ushayela emigwaqweni ewubhuqu, emigwaqweni yeqhwa neqhwa, ibanga lokubhuleka lezimoto ezifakwe i-ABS lingaba lide kunalelo lezimoto ezingenayo i-ABS. Ngakho-ke, isivinini kufanele sehliswe uma ushayela emgwaqeni ongenhla.
(4) Ngemva kokuba injini iqalile noma imoto isiqala ukusebenza, izozwa umsindo ofana nowenjini osuka lapho injini, futhi uma unyathela ibhuleki ngalesi sikhathi, uzozwa ukudlidliza, futhi le misindo nokudlidliza kungenxa yokuthi i-ABS iyazihlola.
(5) Uma ijubane lingaphansi kuka-10km/h, i-ABS ayisebenzi, futhi isistimu yokubhuleka evamile ingasetshenziswa kuphela ukubhuleka ngalesi sikhathi.
(6) Wonke amasondo amane kufanele asebenzise uhlobo olufanayo nobukhulu bamathayi, uma izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasondo zixutshwe, i-ABS ingase ingasebenzi kahle.
(7) Uma imoto efakwe i-ABS ikwi-braking ephuthumayo, i-pedal yebhuleki kufanele inyathelwe ize iyofika ekugcineni (njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni), futhi akumele isetshenziswe ngokuyinyathela noma ukuyigqoka, ngaphandle kwalokho i-ABS ayikwazi ukuyidlalisa. umsebenzi okufanele.
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