Iphedali yebhuleki.
Njengoba igama lisho, i-brake pedal iyi-pedal ekhawulela amandla, okungukuthi, i-pedal ye-foot brake (i-service brake), futhi i-brake pedal isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ijubane nokuma. Ingenye yezilawuli ezinhlanu ezinkulu zokushayela imoto. Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa iphezulu kakhulu. Indlela umshayeli alawula ngayo ithinta ngqo ukuphepha kokushayela kwemoto.
Iphedali yebhuleki iyisisho esivamile sokunyathela ibhuleki, futhi kukhona iphedali encane endukwini yebhuleki, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi "iphedali yebhuleki". Kukhona futhi iphedali encane ngaphezu kwe-clutch, ebizwa ngokuthi i-clutch pedal. I-clutch ingakwesobunxele kanti ibhuleki ingakwesokudla (eceleni kwe-accelerator, kwesokudla kukhona i-accelerator).
Isimiso sokusebenza
Isondo noma idiski inamathele kushafu yesivinini esikhulu somshini, futhi kufakwa isicathulo samabhuleki, ibhande noma idiski ohlakeni ukuze kukhiqizwe i-torque yokubhuleka ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle.
Ukusebenza kwephedali yamabhuleki emoto kuhlukaniswe kanje: ukubhuleka okuhamba kancane (okungukuthi, ukubhuleka okubikezelayo), ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo, ukubhuleka okuhlangene kanye nokubhuleka okuphuthumayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukubhuleka okuhamba kancane kanye nokubhuleka okuphuthumayo esondweni kukhiye bese umisa ngaphambi kwephedali ye-clutch kuze kube sekupheleni, ukuze injini igcine isebenza futhi ivumelane nokushintsha ijubane kabusha.
Izinto ezibalulekile zokusebenza
1. Yehlisa kancane ukubhuleka. Yehlisa i-clutch pedal, ukhulule i-accelerator pedal ngesikhathi esifanayo, cindezela i-gear shift lever iye endaweni yegiya yesivinini esiphansi, bese uphakamisa i-clutch pedal, bese ubeka unyawo lwesokudla ngokushesha ku-brake pedal, ngokuya ngesivinini esidingekayo kanye nebanga lokupaka, yehlisa kancane kancane futhi ngamandla i-brake pedal kuze kube yilapho ima.
2. Ukubhuleka Okuphuthumayo. Ukubhuleka Okuphuthumayo kungahlukaniswa kube ukubhuleka Okuphuthumayo ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nokubhuleka Okuphuthumayo ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ukubhuleka Okuphuthumayo uma ushayela ngesivinini esiphakathi nesiphansi: bamba idiski yokuqondisa ngezandla zombili, yehlisa ngokushesha i-clutch pedal, yehlisa cishe ngasikhathi sinye i-brake pedal, bese usebenzisa indlela yonyawo olulodwa ukuze umise imoto ngokushesha. Ukubhuleka Okuphuthumayo ngesivinini esiphezulu: ngenxa yesivinini esiphezulu, ukungabi namandla okukhulu kanye nokuqina okungekuhle, ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kokubhuleka futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwemoto, i-brake pedal kufanele iqale yehliswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba isondo livalwe. Bese unyathela i-clutch pedal ukuze usebenzise isivinini senjini esiphansi ukuze ulawule isivinini. Ngemva kokuthi isondo livalwe, isiteringi sesondo langaphambili asisalawuleki, futhi umzimba kulula ukuwushelela. Amaphuzu abalulekile okubhuleka Okuphuthumayo okudingeka aqondwe yilawa: ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukulawula kokuqondisa ngemva kokubhuleka, lapho ukungabi namandla kwemoto kuhamba eduze kakhulu nesithiyo ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, ungabona ukuthi ungayimisa yini imoto ngokwejubane, lapho ungayimisa khona imoto, zama ukumisa imoto, futhi uma ungakwazi ukuma, udinga ukuhambahamba. Uma uphambuka, iphedali yebhuleki kufanele ikhululeke ukuze idiski yokuqondisa idlale indima yokulawula, futhi iphedali yebhuleki kufanele yehliswe ngemuva kokudlula isithiyo. Ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo, imoto ithambekele ekusheleleni eceleni, futhi iphedali yebhuleki kufanele ikhululeke kancane ukuze ilungise umzimba.
3. Ukubhuleka okuhlanganisiwe. I-gear shift lever ikhulula i-accelerator pedal egiya, isebenzisa ijubane lenjini ukuhudula ukunciphisa ijubane, futhi inyathela i-brake pedal ukubhuleka isondo. Le ndlela yokwehlisa ijubane ngokuhudula injini kanye nokubhuleka kwe-brake ibizwa ngokuthi i-combined braking. Ukubhuleka okuhlangene kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekushayeleni okuvamile ukuze kwehliswe ijubane, futhi iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele liqondwe yileli: lapho ijubane liphansi kunezinga eliphansi lejubane egiya, kufanele lishintshwe libe yigiya elingaphansi ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho lizosheshisa futhi lilimaze uhlelo lokudlulisa.
4. Ukubhuleka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukubhuleka ngezikhathi ezithile kuyindlela yokubhuleka lapho i-pedal yebhuleki icindezelwa phansi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ikhululeke. Uma ushayela ezindaweni ezinezintaba, ngenxa yokwehla isikhathi eside, uhlelo lwamabhuleki luthambekele ekushiseni okuphezulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kokubhuleka. Ukuze kuvinjelwe izinga lokushisa lohlelo lwamabhuleki ukuthi liphezulu kakhulu, abashayeli bavame ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubhuleka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi yokubhuleka emoyeni ingasebenzisa futhi ukubhuleka okusheshayo ngezikhathi ezithile ngoba ivolumu yokungenisa ayilula ukuyiqonda.
Izimoto ezifakwe i-ABS (idivayisi ye-electronic anti-lock braking) azivunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-intermittent braking ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-ABS ngeke ikwazi ukudlala indima yayo efanele.
Ikhono lokusebenza
1, lapho imoto yehla, abanye abashayeli ukuze bonge uphethiloli, ngakho-ke bayalenga ngaphandle komoya, besebenzisa i-inertia yehla, isikhathi eside, ingcindezi yebhuleki ayanele, ibhuleki livame ukwehluleka, ngakho-ke akukhuthazwa ukuthi ulenga ngaphandle komoya lapho wehla. Ungalenga ngaphandle komoya, ukuvumela injini kanye ne-transmission kuxhunywe, kulokhu imoto yehla akuyona ngenxa ye-inertia, kodwa ngenxa yenjini yokushayela, njengokungathi injini enawe, ungayivumeli imoto yakho ihambe ngokushesha, lokhu kungenye yamabhuleki.
2, abanye abashayeli, lapho imoto ibhuleka, basebenzisa injini ukuze yehlise ijubane, kodwa lokhu ngeke kubhuleke ngegiya eliphansi kuzoba lula ukuvela kwesimo somthelela wemoto phambili, injini izolimala, ngakho-ke i-pedal yebhuleki izosetshenziswa kahle.
3, amabhasi amancane ngaphansi komgwaqo omude adinga ukusebenzisa igiya eliphansi, ukuze ibhuleki lenjini lifinyelele ekunciphiseni ijubane, izimoto ezinkulu noma izimoto ezisindayo zidinga ukuthambekela okude. Khumbula ukuthi akufanele unyathele ibhuleki, kumele usebenzise injini ukuze wehlise ijubane, izimoto eziningi ezinkulu zifakwe idivayisi yokufutha amanzi e-retarder noma i-brake ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwebhuleki okubangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile endaweni ende.
Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa
(1) Ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo, bamba idiski yokuqondisa ngezandla zombili, futhi awukwazi ukusebenzisa idiski yokuqondisa ngesandla esisodwa.
(2) Ukuhamba kwamahhala kwephedali yebhuleki kuthinta ngqo isikhathi sokubhuleka kanye nebanga lokubhuleka. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuthi ukuhamba kwamahhala kwephedali yebhuleki kufanelekile yini ngaphambi kokuphuma.
(3) Isenzo sokubhuleka kufanele sisheshe, i-pedal yebhuleki ingakhululwa lapho imoto ishelela eceleni, kodwa isenzo kumele sisheshe lapho uphendula idiski yokuqondisa.
(4) Uma ujika ngesivinini esikhulu, akufanele kwenziwe ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo, ukubhuleka kufanele kube okufanele kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokujika, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kugcinwe ukubhuleka okuqondile, futhi kulawulwe isivinini sokujika.
(5) Uma ubhuleka ngaphansi kwesivinini esiphakathi nesiphansi noma uma udinga ukushintsha, i-clutch pedal kufanele inyathelwe kuqala bese kuba yi-brake pedal. Uma ubhuleka ngaphezu kwesivinini esiphakathi nesiphezulu, i-brake pedal kufanele inyathelwe kuqala bese kuba yi-clutch pedal.
Ukulawula amandla
Ukuthi isikhathi kanye nokuqina kokubhuleka kungaqondiswa kahle kuncike emzamweni wonyawo lomshayeli ekusingatheni izimo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokulawula isivinini. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, lapho unyathela i-pedal yebhuleki, ingahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezimbili, ungasebenzisi indlela yokufa konyawo olulodwa: isinyathelo sokuqala ukusuka ku-pedal yebhuleki, amandla onyawo (okungukuthi, amandla okucindezela) ngokwesidingo sokunquma, amandla onyawo kufanele asheshe futhi abe namandla lapho ijubane lishesha, futhi amandla onyawo kufanele abe lula futhi azinzile lapho ijubane lihamba kancane; Bese ngokwezimo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa okuhlukile kokucindezela noma ukwehlisa ukucindezeleka. Lapho ubhuleka ngesivinini esikhulu, kulula ukukhiqiza i-sideslip. Lapho imoto ikhiqiza i-sideslip, i-pedal yebhuleki kufanele ikhululeke kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe imoto ukuthi ingasebenzi futhi isiteringi singalahlekelwa ukulawula.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zemoto ye-ABS
(1) Uma imoto ene-ABS ibhuleka ngokuphuthumayo, ukusebenza kwediski yokuqondisa kuhlukile kancane kulokho lapho iphedali yebhuleki inganyathelwanga, futhi iphedali yebhuleki izoshaya, ngakho sebenzisa idiski yokuqondisa ngokucophelela.
(2) Uma ushayela emgwaqweni omanzi, yize ibanga lokubhuleka kwemoto ene-ABS lifushane kunelemoto engenayo i-ABS, ibanga lokubhuleka lizophinde lithintwe ubuso bomgwaqo nezinye izici. Ngakho-ke, ibanga phakathi kwemoto ene-ABS nemoto engaphambili kumele lifane nelemoto engenayo i-ABS ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha.
(3) Uma ushayela emigwaqweni yamatshe, emigwaqweni yeqhwa neqhwa, ibanga lokubhuleka kwezimoto ezine-ABS lingase libe lide kunelezimoto ezingenayo i-ABS. Ngakho-ke, ijubane kufanele lehliswe uma ushayela emgwaqweni ongenhla.
(4) Ngemva kokuba injini iqalile noma imoto iqala ukusebenza, izozwa umsindo ofana nowenjini usendaweni yenjini, futhi uma unyathela i-brake pedal ngalesi sikhathi, uzozwa ukudlidliza, futhi le misindo nokudlidliza kungenxa yokuthi i-ABS izihlola yona.
(5) Uma ijubane lingaphansi kuka-10km/h, i-ABS ayisebenzi, futhi uhlelo lokubhuleka lwendabuko lungasetshenziswa kuphela ukubhuleka ngalesi sikhathi.
(6) Wonke amasondo amane kufanele asebenzise uhlobo olufanayo nosayizi ofanayo wamatayara, uma izinhlobo ezahlukene zamatayara zixutshwe, i-ABS ingase ingasebenzi kahle.
(7) Uma imoto ene-ABS ibhuleka ngokuphuthumayo, i-pedal yebhuleki kumele inyathelwe ekugcineni (njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni), futhi akumelwe isetshenziswe ngokunyathela nokufaka, ngaphandle kwalokho i-ABS ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ofanele.
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