Isihlungi samafutha.
Isihlungi samafutha, esaziwa nangokuthi igridi yamafutha. Sisetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola okufana nothuli, izinhlayiya zensimbi, ama-carbon precipitates kanye nezinhlayiya zomsoco kumafutha ukuvikela injini.
Isihlungi samafutha sinohlobo lokugeleza okugcwele kanye nohlobo lwe-shunt. Isihlungi sokugeleza okugcwele sixhunywe ngokulandelana phakathi kwephampu yamafutha kanye nendlela eyinhloko yamafutha, ngakho-ke singahlunga wonke amafutha okugcoba angena endleleni eyinhloko yamafutha. Isihlanzi se-shunt sihambisana nendlela eyinhloko yamafutha, futhi ingxenye kuphela yamafutha okugcoba athunyelwa yiphampu yamafutha okuhlunga iyahlungwa.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, izingcezu zensimbi, uthuli, amadiphozithi ekhabhoni agcizelelwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, izinsalela ze-colloidal, namanzi kuxutshwa njalo namafutha okugcoba. Indima yesihlungi samafutha ukuhlunga lokhu kungcola kwemishini kanye ne-glia, ukugcina uwoyela wokugcoba uhlanzekile, nokwandisa impilo yawo yokusebenza. Isihlungi samafutha kufanele sibe namandla okuhlunga aqinile, ukumelana nokugeleza okuncane, impilo yesevisi ende kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Uhlelo lokugcoba olujwayelekile luhlonyiswe ngezihlungi eziningana ezinomthamo wokuhlunga ohlukile - isihlungi sokuqoqa, isihlungi esiqinile kanye nesihlungi esincane, ngokulandelana ngokulingana noma ngochungechunge endaweni enkulu yamafutha. (Isihlungi esigcwele ochungechungeni esinendlela enkulu yamafutha sibizwa ngokuthi, kanti uwoyela wokugcoba uhlungwa yisihlungi lapho injini isebenza; Esihambisana nayo sibizwa ngokuthi isihlungi se-shunt). Isihlungi esiqinile sixhunywe ngochungechunge endaweni enkulu yamafutha ukuze kugeleze ngokugcwele; Isihlungi esincane si-shunt ngokulinganayo endaweni enkulu yamafutha. Izinjini zezimoto zanamuhla ngokuvamile zinesihlungi sokuqoqa kanye nesihlungi samafutha esigcwele. Isihlungi esiqinile sisusa ukungcola emafutheni ngosayizi wezinhlayiya ezingaphezu kuka-0.05mm, kanti isihlungi esincane sisetshenziselwa ukuhlunga ukungcola okuncane ngosayizi wezinhlayiya ezingaphezu kuka-0.001mm.
● Iphepha lokuhlunga: Isihlungi samafutha sinezidingo eziphakeme zephepha lokuhlunga kunesihlungi somoya, ikakhulukazi ngoba izinga lokushisa lamafutha liyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-degrees angu-0 kuya kwangu-300, futhi ukuhlushwa kwamafutha nakho kuyashintsha ngokufanele ngaphansi kokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, okuzothinta ukugeleza kwesihlungi samafutha. Iphepha lokuhlunga lesihlungi samafutha sekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele likwazi ukuhlunga ukungcola ngaphansi kokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa ngenkathi liqinisekisa ukugeleza okwanele.
● Indandatho yokuvala yerabha: Indandatho yokuvala yesihlungi yamafutha asezingeni eliphezulu yenziwe ngerabha ekhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uwoyela awuphumi ngokuphelele.
● I-valve yokucindezela ukubuyisa: Kutholakala izihlungi zikawoyela ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuphela. Uma injini icishiwe, ingavimbela isihlungi sikawoyela ukuthi some; Uma injini ivuselelwa, idala ingcindezi ngokushesha futhi inikeze uwoyela wokugcoba injini. (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-valve yokubuyisa)
● I-valve yokusiza: Kutholakala izihlungi zikawoyela ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuphela. Lapho izinga lokushisa langaphandle lehla liye enanini elithile noma lapho isihlungi sikawoyela sidlula umkhawulo wokuphila kwenkonzo ojwayelekile, i-valve yokusiza ivuleka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekhethekile, okuvumela uwoyela ongahlungiwe ukuthi ugeleze ngqo enjinini. Noma kunjalo, ukungcola ku-oyela kuzongena enjinini ndawonye, kodwa umonakalo mncane kakhulu kunomonakalo obangelwa ukungabikho kwamafutha enjinini. Ngakho-ke, i-valve yokusiza iyisihluthulelo sokuvikela injini esimweni esiphuthumayo. (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-valve ye-bypass)
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izingxenye ezahlukene zenjini zigcotshwa ngamafutha ukuze kufezwe umsebenzi ojwayelekile, kodwa imfucumfucu yensimbi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezingxenye, uthuli olungena, idiphozithi yekhabhoni efakwe ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi kuzoqhubeka kuxutshwa kumafutha, impilo yokusebenza kawoyela izoncishiswa isikhathi eside, futhi ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini kungathinteka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, indima yesihlungi samafutha ibonakala ngalesi sikhathi. Kalula nje, indima yesihlungi samafutha ngokuyinhloko ukuhlunga iningi lokungcola kumafutha, ukugcina uwoyela uhlanzekile, nokwandisa impilo yawo evamile yokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlungi samafutha kufanele futhi sibe namandla okuhlunga aqinile, ukumelana nokugeleza okuphansi, impilo yenkonzo ende kanye nezinye izakhiwo.
Isihlungi samafutha kufanele sishintshwe kangaki
Umjikelezo wokushintsha isihlungi samafutha uvame ukufana nomjikelezo wokushintsha amafutha, kuye ngohlobo lwamafutha asetshenziswayo. Ngokuvamile:
Uwoyela wamaminerali: 5000 km noma isigamu sonyaka ukuze kuthathelwe indawo uwoyela nesihlungi samafutha.
Uwoyela owenziwe kancane: 7500 km noma izinyanga ezingu-7-8 ukuze kuthathelwe indawo uwoyela nesihlungi samafutha.
Uwoyela owenziwe ngokuphelele: 10000 km noma shintsha isihlungi samafutha namafutha kanye ngonyaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amamodeli noma abakhiqizi bangaba nezincomo ezithile zokushintsha, njengesincomo esisemthethweni se-Great Wall Haval H6 sokushintsha isihlungi samafutha njalo ngamakhilomitha ayi-6,000 noma isigamu sonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni kwangempela, kungcono ukubhekisela encwadini yokulungisa imoto noma ukubonisana nochwepheshe ochwepheshe ukuze uthole iseluleko esinembile kakhulu sokushintsha umjikelezo.
Ngokuvamile, umjikelezo wokushintsha isihlungi samafutha kufanele unqunywe ngokuya ngohlobo lwamafutha, ukusetshenziswa kwemoto kanye nezincomo zomenzi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini nokwandisa impilo yenkonzo yenjini.
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